In 2025, the American Cancer Society published "Cancer statistics, 2025", which projected cancer data for the upcoming year based on incidence data collected by central cancer registries (through 2021) and mortality data obtained from the National Center for Health Statistics (through 2022). Similarly, the National Cancer Center of China released "Cancer incidence and mortality in China, 2022" in December 2024, analyzing data from 22 cancer registries across the country. This study provides a comparative analysis of cancer incidence and mortality trends in China and the United States during the same period, with a focus on sex- and age-specific distributions and long-term changes in cancer patterns. Long-term trends indicate that lung and liver cancer mortality rates in China have declined, primarily due to tobacco control measures and hepatitis B vaccination programs. However, the burden of gastric and esophageal cancers remains substantial. In the United States, mortality rates for colorectal and lung cancers have continued to decline, largely attributed to widespread screening programs and advances in immunotherapy. As economic growth and social development, China’s cancer profile is gradually shifting towards patterns observed in countries with high human development index. However, the prevention and control of upper gastrointestinal cancers remains a critical public health challenge that requires further attention.

Objective To measure and compare the cerebral blood flow(CBF)of children with autism spectrum disorder(ASD),global developmental delay(GDD),and ASD with GDD groups via arterial spin labeling(ASL)technique,and to evaluate the diag-nostic value of CBF values.Methods ASL images of ASD,GDD,and ASD with GDD groups of children were firstly acquired,and the CBF values of frontal lobe,temporal lobe,parietal lobe,occipital lobe,striatum and thalamus region of interest(ROI)were fur-ther measured,respectively.One-way analysis of variance or Kruskal-Wallis H test was used to compare the differences in CBF values among these three groups,and the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was used to analyze the efficacy of CBF values in distinguishing ASD with GDD from without GDD.Results ASD with GDD had significantly lower CBF values in the left and right frontal lobes than those with ASD or GDD alone,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).The CBF values in the left and right frontal lobes effectively distinguished ASD with GDD from without GDD[area under the curve(AUC)>0.7].Conclusion ASL technique can noninvasively assess CBF in children with or without GDD,helping to understand the pathophysiology of ASD with GDD and improving diagnostic accuracy.

Objective:To construct an evaluation indicator system for the efficiency of nursing human resources in integrated medical and elderly care institutions using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and subsequently evaluate its effectiveness.Methods:This cross-sectional survey utilized literature review and investigative methods to initially establish a library of evaluation indicators for nursing human resource efficiency. The Delphi method was employed in two rounds of consultations with 17 experts from various fields, including nursing management, elderly care institution management, integrated medical and elderly care institution management, health economics management, and public health. The reliability of the indicator system was assessed based on factors such as expert enthusiasm, authority, concentration of opinions, and coordination. Adjustments, modifications, and improvements were made to the indicators based on expert opinions to establish the final indicator system. From August to December 2022, the DEA model was applied to evaluate the efficiency of 12 integrated medical and elderly care institutions in Haikou city based on this indicator system.Results:The constructed evaluation indicator system comprised 68 items divided into three levels: 9 primary indicators, 19 secondary indicators, and 40 tertiary indicators. The positive coefficients of the two rounds of expert consultations were 100% and 94.1%, with authority coefficients of 0.88 and 0.92, Kendall harmony coefficients of 0.471 and 0.348, and mean coefficients of variation of 0.16 and 0.12 ( P<0.001). DEA evaluation results for the 12 integrated medical and elderly care institutions showed that 5 were DEA effective institutions with comprehensive efficiency (OE), technical efficiency (TE), and scale efficiency (SE) values all equal to 1.000, while 7 were non-DEA effective institutions, including 4 with SE <1.000 but TE=1.000 and 3 with both SE and TE<1.000. Conclusions:The constructed evaluation indicator system demonstrates high enthusiasm, authority coefficients, and coordination in expert consultations, indicating high acceptability and comprehensive content with distinct levels and strong specialty characteristics. The DEA model′s evaluation results objectively and effectively reflect the efficiency of nursing human resources in integrated medical and elderly care institutions, demonstrating practical utility.

Objective:To explore any effect of repeated transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on the upper limb motor function and cerebral cortex activation of stroke survivors.Methods:Sixty stroke survivors were randomly divided into an intervention group and a control group, each of 30. In addition to routine rehabilitation training (including drug therapy, comprehensive hemiplegic limb training and physical factor therapy), the intervention group received 15 minutes of rTMS daily, five days a week for 4 weeks while the control group was given false rTMS. Upper limb motor function was evaluated before and after the treatment using the Fugl Meyer upper limb motor function rating scale (FMA-UE). Functional near-infrared spectroscopy was used to detect and compare the activation (β values) of the prefrontal cortex, the motor cortex and the primary somatosensory cortex in the 2 groups. The correlation between the FMA-UE scores and the β values was quantified.Results:①There was no significant difference in the average FMA-UE scores between the two groups before the treatment. Afterward, though both groups′ average scores had increased significantly, there was significantly greater improvement in the treatment group. ②There was also no significant difference in average β value between the two groups before the experiment, but afterward the average βs of channels 27 and 13 in the intervention group were significantly higher than in the control group. Moreover, in patients with lesion in the left brain, the β-values of CH27 and CH13 were also significantly higher than the control group ( P<0.05). ③The FMA-UE scores of the intervention group were moderately correlated with the CH27 and CH13 β values, but those of the control group were only weakly correlated with the β values of CH27. Conclusion:Transcranial magnetic stimulation activates a lesioned left brain region, improving upper limb motor function. The improvement is correlated with the activation of the left prefrontal cortex and the left primary somatosensory cortex.

ObjectiveTo observe the effectiveness and safety of the Chinese herbal medicine Mingshi Granules （明视方颗粒） for low myopia in children with heart yang insufficiency. MethodsA multicentre， prospective， double-blind randomised controlled study was conducted， in which 290 children with low myopia from 8 centres were randomly divided into 145 cases in the treatment group and 145 cases in the control group， and the treatment group was given education， dispensing glasses， and Chinese herbal medicine Mingshi Granules， while the control group was given education， dispensing glasses， and granules placebo. Both Mingshi Granules and placebo granules were taken orally， 1 bag each time， twice daily， 4 weeks of oral intake and 2 weeks of rest as 1 course of treatment， a total of 4 courses of treatment （24 weeks）. Equivalent spherical lenses， best naked-eye distance visual acuity， ocular axis， corneal curvature K1， adjustment amplitude， traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） symptom scores， calculate the amount of progression of equivalent spherical lenses， were observed at the 12th and the 24th week of treatment， at the 36th week and 48th week of follow-up， resectively， the control rate of myopia progression was evaluated at the 24th week， and safety indexes were observed before treatment. ResultsThe amount of progression of equivalent spherical lenses was lower in the treatment group than in the control group at the 48-week follow-up （P＜0.05）. The control rate of myopia progression at 24 weeks after treatment in the treatment group was higher （57.60%， 72/125） than that in the control group （44.63%， 54/121） （P＜0.05）. The best naked-eye distance visual acuity at 36-week follow-up in the treatment group was higher than that in the control group （P＜0.05）. Equivalent spherical lenses were significantly lower in both groups at all observation time points compared with pre-treatment （P＜0.05）， and were higher in the treatment group than in the control group at the 48-week follow-up （P＜0.05）. The ocular axes of both groups were significantly higher at each observation time point after treatment and at follow-up compared with before treatment （P＜0.05）. The amount of eye axis growth in the treatment group was lower than that in the control group at 24 weeks after treatment and at the 48-week follow-up （P＜0.05）. Corneal curvature K1 was significantly lower in the treatment group at the 24th week of treatment compared to pre-treatment （P＜0.05）. The magnitude of adjustment in the treatment group was significantly higher at the 36-week follow-up and at the 48-week follow-up than before treatment （P＜0.05）. The scores of white/dark complexion， white coating thin pulse， fatigue and total TCM symptom scores of children in both groups at the 12th， 24th， 36th and 48th weeks of follow-up were significantly lower than those before treatment （P＜0.05）； the scores of blurred vision at the 24th and 36th weeks of follow-up were significantly lower than those before treatment （P＜0.05）； and the scores of blurred vision in the treatment group at the 48th week of follow-up were signi-ficantly lower than those before treatment （P＜0.05）. In the treatment group， the score of fatigue was higher than that of the control group at the 36-week follow-up， and the score of blurred vision was lower than that of the control group at the 48-week follow-up （P＜0.05）. No adverse reactions or obvious abnormalities of the safety indexes were observed of the two groups during the treatment. ConclusionChinese herbal medicine Mingshi Granules showed the effect of controlling the progression of low myopia， improving the best naked eye distance visual acuity， slowing down the growth of the eye axis， improving some of the TCM symptoms， with good safety.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of superselective embolization of the supplying arteries of uterine fibroids under the guidance of 3D angiography in treating uterine fibroids.Methods The clinical data of 14 patients with uterine fibroids,who received interventional embolization therapy at the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University of China,were retrospectively analyzed.Of the 14 patients,5 received microcatheter superselective embolization of the supplying arteries of uterine fibroids after the origin and path of the supplying arteries were clarified by 3D uterine artery angiography(group A),and 9 received embolization of the bilateral uterine arteries up to their main trunks because the fibroids had complex blood supply(group B).The sums of the preoperative and postoperative one-year maximum diameter of uterine fibroids,and the reduction rate of fibroid were statistically analyzed.Results The mean sum of the preoperative and postoperative one-year maximum diameter of uterine fibroids in group A were(85.00±43.35)mm and(35.20±25.96)mm respectively,and the difference was statistically significant(P=0.006),which in group B were(65.00±12.68)mm and(49.44±24.83)mm respectively,and the difference was not statistically significant(P=0.052).There was no statistically significant differences in the mean sum of the preoperative maximum diameter of uterine fibroids and in the postoperative one-year maximum diameter of uterine fibroids between the two groups(P=0.366 and P=0.331).The median reduction rate of uterine fibroids in group A and group B was 62％and 25％respectively,and the difference was statistically significant(P=0.031).Conclusion For the treatment of uterine fibroids,3D angiography-guided superselective embolization of the supplying arteries of uterine fibroids is superior to the embolization of the bilateral uterine arteries in clinical curative efficacy.(J Intervent Radiol,2024,33:533-536)

Objective:To observe the effect of personalized airway clearance therapy on extubation of patients with trache-otomy in intensive rehabilitation care unit. Method:Totally 62 patients who met the inclusion criteria were divided into the control group and experimen-tal group,with 31 patients in each group.During the experimental period,one patient in the control group and experimental group dropped off.The control group was given the posture drainage combined with back tap-ping on the basis of routine rehabilitation,while the experimental group was given the personalized airway clearance therapy(including cough training,active cycles of breathing techriques,posture drainage,etc.)on the basis of routine rehabilitation.The observation period was 6 weeks,and the sputum volume,extubation time,extubation success rate and clinical pulmonary infection score were compared between the two groups. Result:After 6 weeks of training,the average sputum volume in the experimental group was significantly high-er than that in the control group(P＜0.05).At the first week of training,there was no significant difference in the average daily sputum volume between the two groups(P＞0.05),but at the second,fourth and sixth weeks,the average daily sputum volume in the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the control group(P＜0.05).Before training,there was no statistically significant difference in CPIS scores between the two groups(P＞0.05),but at the first,third and sixth weeks,CPIS scores in the experimental group were significantly lower than that in the control group(P＜0.05).The results of repeated measure ANOVA showed that the time effect,inter-group effect and interaction effect of daily expectoration volume and CPIS score in the two groups were statistically significant(P＜0.05).The extubation time in the experimental group was significantly shorter than that in the control group(P＜0.05),and the success rate of extubation in the ex-perimental group was 93.3％,which was significantly higher than 70.0％in the control group(P＜0.05). Conclusion:Personalized airway clearance technology can improve the pulmonary infection of patients with tra-cheotomy in ICU more effectively,shorten the time of tracheal tube removal,and improve the success rate of extubation.

Objective:To observe the effect of personalized respiratory breathing training on pulmonary function in pa-tients with tracheotomy after stroke. Method:Fifty-two post-stroke tracheotomy patients who met the inclusion criteria were divided into a control group(n=26)and an intervention group(n=26).During the observation period,one patient in the control group and one in the intervention group each was lost to follow-up.The control group was given the postural drainage combined with vibration expectoration on the basis of routine rehabilitation,while the intervention group was given individualized breathing training on the basis of the control group.The observation period was 6 weeks,and the pulmonary function,diaphragmatic muscle mobility,diaphragmatic muscle thickening rate,extubation time and extubation success rate were compared between the two groups. Result:Before training,there were no significant differences in pulmonary function indexes(FVC,FEV1 and PEF),diaphragmatic activity(DEq,DEd),and diaphragm thickening rate(DTF)between the two groups(P＞0.05).After 6 weeks of training,the FVC,FEV1,PEF,DEq,DEd and DTF of the two groups were signifi-cantly improved compared with those before training(P＜0.05);and the intervention group was more signifi-cantly improved than the control group(P＜0.05);The extubation time in the intervention group was signifi-cantly shorter than that in the control group(P＜0.05);and the success rate of extubation in the intervention group was 92％,which was significantly higher than that in the control group(68.0％),and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05). Conclusion:Personalized respiratory training can more effectively improve the pulmonary function of tracheoto-my patients after stroke,shorten the removal time of tracheal cannula,and improve the success rate of extubation.

Objective:To observe the effect of abdominal electrical stimulation combined with airway clearance on cough ability and success rate of extubation in patients with severe tracheotomy. Method:A randomized,double-blind,controlled trial was conducted.52 patients with tracheotomy who met the inclusion criteria were divided into a control group and an experimental group,with 26 cases in each group.The experimental group was treated with abdominal electrical stimulation on the basis of airway clear-ance technique.The observation period was 6 weeks.Before and after treatment,involuntary cough peak flow rate(ICPF),clinical pulmonary infection score(CPIS),tracheal tube extubation time and extubation success rate were used to compare the differences in clinical efficacy. Result:Before the training,there was no significant difference in ICPF between the two groups(P＞0.05),but at l,3 and 6 weeks,the ICPF score of the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the con-trol group(P＜0.05).Before training,there was no significant difference in CPIS score between the two groups(P＞0.05),but after 1,3 and 6 weeks,the CPIS score of the experimental group was significantly lower than that of the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).Before training,there was no significant difference in abdominal muscle thickness between the two groups(P＞0.05).At the 3rd and 6th week,the abdominal muscle thickness of the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).The extubation time of the experimental group was significantly shorter than that of the control group(P＜0.05).The success rate of extu-bation in the experimental group was 92％,which was significantly higher than that in the control group(76％),and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05). Conclusion:Abdominal electrical stimulation combined with airway clearance can significantly improve the cough ability of patients with severe tracheotomy,shorten the time of tracheal cannula removal,and improve the success rate of extubation.

Objective To predict the potential Q-markers of Abri Herba based on network pharmacology and molecular docking and establish a quality control characteristic.Methods The network relationship of"Abri Herba-component-target-pathway"was constructed by using a variety of databases and the method of network pharmacology.The potential Q-markers of Abri Herba were predicted and then the characteristic Chromatogram of Abri Herba was established by high performance liquid chromatography Results Through the network pharmacological prediction,it was found that the components of abrine hypaphorine,schaftoside in Abri Herba were closely associated with the main targets,such as AKT1,STAT3,HIF1A,GRB2,MMP9,which could act on HIF-1,PI3K-Akt,JAK-STAT and other signaling pathways and have good pharmacological activities to be potential Q-markers of Abri Herba.Then HPLC was used to establish the characteristic according to retention time.Conclusion Through network pharmacology and molecular dock-prediction combined with HPLC detection,the characteristic chromatogram was established with the components of abrine hypaphorine,schaftoside as Q-markers,which could control the quality of Abri Herba by combining the components and pharmacological activities.