OBJECTIVE To study the protective effect of saikosaponin b2(SSb2)on corticosterone(CORT)induced PC12 cell injury and its mechanism.METHODS ① PC12 cells were divided into the cell control group(24 h of culture with RPMI-1640 medium),CORT group(24 h of culture with CORT 100-800 μmol·L-1)and SSb2 group(24 h of culture with SSb2 1.5625,3.125,6.25,12.5,25,50 and 100 μmol·L-1).MTT assay was used to detect the cell survival rate.②PC12 cells were divided into the cell control group(24 h of culture with RPMI 1640 medium),model group(24 h of culture with CORT 400 μmol·L-1),and model+SSb2 group(3 h pretreatment with SSb2 1.5625,3.125,6.25,12.5 and 25 μmol·L-1,removal of the supernatant before cells were co-incubated with CORT 400 μmol·L-1 and corresponding concentrations of SSb2 for 24 h).MTT assay was used to detect the cell survival rate while micro-plate assay was used to detect the lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)leakage rate of PC12 cells.③PC12 cells were divided into the cell control group,model group and model+SSb2 12.5 μmol·L-1 group.AnnexinV-FITC/PI flow cytometry assay was used to detect PC12 cell apoptosis,ultra-perfor-mance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry(UPLC-Q-TOF-MS)cell metabonomics was used to detect metabolic profile changes and colorimetric assay was employed to detect the glutamic acid content and glutaminase activity in PC12 cells.RESULTS Compared with the cell control group,the cell viability decreased to(55±6)%(P<0.01)when the concentration of CORT was 400 μmol·L-1.When the concentration of SSb2 was higher than 50 μmol·L-1,there was significant toxicity to PC12 cells(P<0.01).②Compared with the cell control group,the cell survival rate was signif-icantly decreased(P<0.01),while the release rate of LDH was significantly increased(P<0.01)in the model group.Compared with the model group,the cell survival rate significantly increased(P<0.05,P<0.01),while the LDH release rate significantly decreased(P<0.01)in the model+SSb2 group.③ Com-pared with the cell control group,cell apoptosis was significantly increased in the model group(P<0.05).Compared with the model group,cell apoptosis was significantly decreased(P<0.05)in the model+ SSb2 group.Metabolomics results show that SSb2 significantly back-regulated nine differential metabo-lites of glutamate,creatine,N-acetylaspartate,L-tyrosine,citric acid,L-isoleucine,lactic acid,glutamine and choline.Further network analysis of the key metabolites regulated by SSb2 yielded five major metabolic pathways:D-glutamine and D-glutamate metabolism,phenylalanine,tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis,alanine,aspartate and glutamate metabolism,tyrosine metabolism and arginine biosynthesis.Compared with the cell control group,the content of glutamate and activity of glutaminase were significantly decreased in the model group(P<0.01).Compared with the model group,the content of glutamate(P<0.01)and activity of glutaminase(P<0.05)were significantly increased in the model+SSb2 group.CONCLUSION SSb2 has a neuroprotective effect on CORT-injured PC12 cells,and the mechanism of which is related to inhibition of apoptosis and regulation of metabolic disorders.

Objective To compare the effect of serratus anterior plane block(SAPB)and thoracic para-vertebral block(TPVB)on acute and chronic pain and plasma tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)level after breast cancer modified radical operation.Methods A total of 99 patients with elective breast cancer modified radical operation,aged 35-70 years,American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status(ASA):grade Ⅰ-11,Body Mass Index(BMI):18-25 kg/m2,were randomly divided into three groups:the simple patient-con-trolled intravenous analgesia(PCIA)group(C group),PCIA combined with TPVB group(TC group)and PCI A combined witj SAPB group(SC group).TPVB and SAPB were performed before induction in the TC group and the SC group,and the relevant situation of regional blocking operation was recorded.The Visual Analogue Scales(VAS)scores in rest and activity at 2,4,8,12,24,48 h after operation,effective pressing times of analgesic pump and remedial analgesia situation after operation were recorded.The TNF-α levels be-fore anesthesia and at postoperative 12,48 h,in postoperative 3,6 months were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Results Compared with the TC group,the block operation time in the SC group was shorter(P＜0.05).Compared with the C group,the VAS scores in the state of rest and activity at postoperative 2,4,8,12,24 h in the TC group and SC group were significantly decreased(P＜0.05),and the dosage of remifentanil during operation,incidence rates of postoperative nausea and vomiting,effective press-ing times of analgesic pump and rate of remedial analgesia were all decreased(P＜0.05).There was no statis-tical difference in the incidence rate of post-mastectomy pain syndrome(PMPS)among the three groups(P＞0.05).Compared with the C group,the levels of plasma TNF-α in the TC group and SC group were decreased at postoperative 12,48 h,in postoperative 3,6 months,moreover the VAS score in the patients with PMPS was lower(P＜0.05).Compared with the patients without PMPS occurrence,the levels of plasma TNF-α in postoperative 3,6 months in the patients with PMPS were significantly up-regulated(P＜0.05).Conclusion By blocking the afference of pain signals caused by peripheral injury and reducing plasma TNF-α level,SAPB or TPVB may relieve the acute and chronic pain degree in the patients with breast cancer modified radi-cal operation.

Objective: To identify the characteristics including clinical features and pulmonary computed tomography (CT) features of heart failure and novel coronavirus pneumonia(COVID-19). Methods: This study was a retrospective study. A total of 7 patients with Heart failure and 12 patients with COVID-19 in the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University between December 1, 2019 and February 15, 2020 were enrolled. The baseline clinical and imaging features of the two groups were statistically analyzed. Results: There was no significant difference in age and sex between the two groups, but the incidence of epidemiological contact history, fever or respiratory symptoms in the COVID-19 group was significantly higher than that in the heart failure group (12/12 vs. 2/7, P=0.001; 12/12 vs. 4/7, P<0.001). While the proportion of cardiovascular diseases and impaired cardiac function was significantly less than that of the heart failure group(2/12 vs.7/7, P<0.001; 0/12 vs.7/7, P<0.001). For imaging features, both groups had ground-glass opacity and thickening of interlobular septum, but the ratio of central and gradient distribution was higher in patients with heart failure than that in patients with COVID-19 (4/7 vs. 1/12, P=0.04). In heart failure group, the ratio of the expansion of small pulmonary veins was also higher (3/7 vs. 0, P=0.013), and the lung lesions can be significantly improved after effective anti-heart failure treatment. Besides, there are more disease with rounded morphology in COVID-19 (9/12 vs. 2/7, P=0.048) . Conclusions More patients with COVID-19 have epidemiological history and fever or respiratory symptoms. There are significant differences in chest CT features, such as enlargement of pulmonary veins, lesions distribution and morphology between heart failure and COVID-19.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of the Thyroid Imaging Report and Data System proposed by American Radiological Society (ACR-TIRADS) for differential diagnosis in thyroid nodules, and compare ACR-TIRADS to the TIRADS proposed by Kwak et al.(K-TIRADS) and the ultrasound-based risk stratification system evaluated by American Thyroid Association (ATA-Risk Stratification). Methods: The clinical data of 1 760 patients with 1 912 thyroid nodules from 8 hospitals in Jiangsu province were retrospectively analysed. All of them were categorized based on ultrasound-based risk stratification systems. The ROC curve was established to assess and compare the diagnostic value of the systems. Results: The area under the ROC curve (AUC) of ACR-TIRADS was 0.830, with high sensitivity and negative predictive value (86.9% and 87.5%, respectively), and relatively low specificity and positive predictive value (64.1% and 62.9%, respectively). The sensitivity and specificity of K-TIRADS were up to 84.9% and 76.1%, respectively. The AUC of ATA-Risk Stratification was 0.852, with relatively high specificity (83.4%), and low sensitivity (79.4%). There were significant differences in the AUC among the three ultrasound-based risk stratification systems, of which K-TIRADS was the highest (P<0.001). There was no significant difference in sensitivity of ACR-TIRADS and K-TIRADS (P=0.137), but significantly higher than that of ATA-Risk Stratification (P<0.001). There were significant differences in the specificity among the three systems, of which ATA-Risk Stratification was the highest (P<0.001). In addition, there were 109 nodules (5.7%) couldn′t be classified based on ATA-Risk Stratification, with high malignancy rate of 31.2%. Conclusions The diagnostic efficiency of ACR-TIRADS is good, but lower than K-TIRADS and ATA-Risk Stratification. ACR-TIRADS has the highest sensitivity, and ATA-Risk Stratification has the highest specificity, while the overall diagnostic efficiency of K-TIRADS is the best.

Objective:To compare the effect of pressure‐controlled ventilation‐volume guarantee(PCV‐VG) with that of vol‐ume‐controlled ventilation(VCV) in patients undergoing spinal surgery in prone position .Methods:A total of 60 patients under‐going selective spinal surgery in prone position ,who were classified as GradeⅠto GradeⅡby American Society of Anesthesiolo‐gists(ASA) criteria and weighed 43‐80 kg ,were randomly divided into VCV group and PCV‐VG group with 30 cases in each . In VCV group ,the ventilation mode was VCV with tidal volume of 8 mL/kg and Inspiration/Expiration ratio of 1∶2 ,respira‐tory rate of 12 breaths/min and pressure limit of 30 cmH2 O .In PCV‐VG group ,the ventilation mode was set as PCV‐VG and the other settings were same as those in VCV group .Heart rate ,mean artery pressure ,tidal volume ,minute volume ,mean air‐way pressure ,airway peak pressure ,end‐tidal pressure of carbon dioxide were recorded immediately after tracheal intubation (T1) ,immediately before the patients were turned to prone position(T2) ,30 min after the patients were turned to prone posi‐tion(T3) ,immediately after the end of surgery(T4) and immediately after the patients were turned to supine position(T5) ,and dynamic lung compliance was calculated .Results:Compared with those in VCV group ,mean airway pressure and airway peak pressure in PCV‐VG group significantly decreased at T2 ,T3 and T4 ,while dynamic lung compliance increased(P< 0 .05) . Conclusions:Compared with VCV ,PCV‐VG can guarantee the effect of mechanical ventilation ,reduce the risk of airway pres‐sure injury ,and impact less on respiratory function ,in patients undergoing spinal surgery in prone position .

Objective To explore the risk factors and their prognostic value in Chinese female patients with ischemic stroke.Methods A total of 4 442 female patients with ischemic stroke were enrolled in the study from the Chinese National Stroke Registry System.According to the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score,patients were divided into the group A (with good outcomes,mRS =0-2) and the group B (with bad outcomes,mRS =3-6),with the follow-up for 12 months.The risk factors were collected at month 3 and month 12,including age,family history,body mass index (BMI),hypertension,diabetes mellitus (DM),hyperlipidemia,atrial fibrillation (AF),coronary heart disease (CHD),smoking and moderate or heavy alcohol intake.The multivariate logistic regression was performed to determine the prognostic value of those risk factors.Results Patients in the group B were older than those in the group A [month 3:(71.3 ± 11.4) years oldvs (65.5±11.8) years old and month 12:(71.9±11.3) years old vs (65.1 ±11.6)years old,with both P ＜0.001].Patients in the group B were found to have higher ratio of BMI ＜25 kg/m2(66.3％ vs 62.0％,P =0.006;66.6％ vs 61.8％,P =0.002) and more likely to have the history of DM (27.0％ vs 23.3％,26.6％ vs 23.6％,respectively; both P ＜ 0.05),A F (18.0％ vs 6.2％,17.9％ vs 6.3％,respectively; both P ＜0.001) and CHD (21.4％ vs 14.4％,21.8％ vs 14.2％,respectively; both P ＜ 0.001) than those in the group A.The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that women's age (OR =1.04,1.05,95％ CI 1.03-1.05,1.04-1.06,respectively),the histories of DM (both OR =1.35,95％ CI 1.15-1.58,respectively) and AF (OR =2.91,2.84,95％ CI 2.33-3.64,2.27-3.56,respectively) were significantly associated with the bad outcomes at month 3 and month 12.The history of CHD was associated with the bad outcomes at month 12 (OR =1.20,95％ CI 1.00-1.43),while the history of hyperlipidemia might improve the outcome at month 12 (OR =0.75,95％ CI 0.60-0.94).Conclusions The risk factors may have different prognostic value in female patients with ischemic stroke.The diagnosis and treatment for DM,AF and CHD may be helpful to improve the prognosis in Chinese female patients with ischemic stroke.

Objective To explore the relationship between high sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and renal function among people aged 90 years and over in longevity regions in China.Methods Totally 506 subjects aged 90 years and over in 5 longevity areas from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) 2008-2009 were included in the study.Demographic,behavioral and lifestyle parameters and self-reported chronic diseases were collected by general health-related questionnaire.We conducted the physical examination and also measured serum hsCRP and other indicators of renal function.Logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between hsCRP and renal function.Results The prevalence of elevated hsCRP was 36.6％ in people aged 90 years and over,43.0％ in male and 34.8％ in female.No significant gender difference was observed among them (x2 =2.4184,P=0.1199).The prevalence of elevated hsCRP were 34.4％ in 90-99 years group and 39.2％ in the centenarian group,and there was no significant difference between the two groups (x2 =1.2425,P =0.2650).We found significant statistical difference in prevalence of elevated hsCRP between declined renal function group (42.0％) and normal group (33.3％) (t=3.8450,P=0.0499).The level of serum creatinine were (89.5±37.4) μmol/L in elevated hsCRP group and (81.5±31.4) μmol/L in the normal hsCRP group among the people aged 90 years and over.Significant difference was found between the elevated and normal hsCRP group (x23.8450,P=0.0161).In the multivariate logistic regression analysis,the risk factors of renal function decline were female,smoking,hypertension,hyperuricemia and elevated hsCRPCOR=1.676 (95％CI:1.091-2.573)].Conclusions Elevated hsCRP increases the risk of renal function decline among people aged 90 years and over in China.

Objective To explore the relation between plasm neurotransmitters (Glutamic acid,GAA; γ-aminobutyric acid,GABA; 5-hydroxytryptamine,5-HT; and noradrenaline,NE) and depression in acute hemorrhagic stroke.Methods Objectives were screened from consecutive hospitalized patients with acute stroke.Fasting blood samples were taken on the day next to hospital admission,and neurotransmitters were examined by the liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS).The fourth edition of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-Ⅳ) was used to diagnose depression at two weeks after onset of stroke.The modified Ranking Scale (mRS) was followed up at 1 year.Pearson test was used to analyse the correlation between serum concentration of neurotransmitters and the Hamilton Depression scale-17items (HAMD-17) score.Logistic regression was used to analyse the relation of serum concentration of neurotransmitters and depression and outcome of stroke.Results One hundred and eightyone patients were included in this study.GABA significantly decreased [6.1 (5.0-8.2) μg/L vs 8.1 (6.3-14.7) μg/L,P ＜ 0.05] in patients with depression in hemorrhagic stroke,and there was no significant difference in GAA,5-HT,or NE.GABA concentration was negatively correlated with HAMD-17 score (r =-0.131,P ＜ 0.05) ; while concentration of serum GABA rose by 1 μg/L,risk of depression in acute phase of hemorrhagic stroke was reduced by 5.6％ (OR 0.944,95％ CI 0.893-0.997).While concentration of serum GAA rose by 1 μg/L,risk of worse outcome at 1 year was raised by 0.1％,although a statistic level was on marginal status (OR 1.001,95％ CI 1.000-1.002).Conclusions In patients with depression in the acute phase of hemorrhagic stroke,there was a significant reduction in plasm GABA concentration.GABA may have a protective effect on depression in acute phase of hemorrhagic stroke.Increased concentrations of serum GAA may increase the risk of worse outcomes at 1 year after stroke.

The population of the very elderly is growing steeply with prolonged life expectancy.Age is an independent risk factor for stroke.Naturally,the very elderly become the high risky population.Hypertension is the most common and modifiable risk factor of stoke in the very elderly.Results of studies conducted during these 20 years have been reported to explore and investigate the relationship between stroke primary prevention and antihypertensive treatment,some of which are regarded as landmarks trials,providing essential evidences for blood pressure management in the very elderly.

ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical characteristics,3-month outcome and predictive factors in the very elderly patients with ischemic stroke.MethodsA total of 305 acute ischemic patients aged 65 years and over were enrolled in the study.They were divided into two subgroups by age:80 years old and over(n =78),65-79 years old(n =227).The clinical outcome was assessed by the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) on (90 ± 7 ) days after stroke,and categorized as good ( scoring 0-2 ) or poor( scoring 3-6) outcome.Results Significantly lower BMI [ ( 23.62 ± 4.92 ) kg/m2 vs ( 25.08 ± 3.69 ) kg/m2,P =0.005],lower frequency of dyslipidemia(56.41％ vs 71.13％,P =0.006) and alcohol intake (0％ vs 6.61％,P =0.043 )were found in the very elderly group.The rates of poor functional outcome in the ≥ 80years group and the 65-79 years old group were 56.41％ (44/76) and 41.40％ (94/224) respectively,with a P value of 0.015.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that higher National Institute of Health stroke scale (NItISS) total score (OR 1.48,95％ CI 1.19-1.83 ) and lower albumin level (OR 0.73,95 ％ CI 0.55 -0.95 ) were associated with poor outcome in ≥ 80 year old,whereas higher NIHSS total score ( OR 1.38,95％ CI 1.24-1.53) and complications during hospital stay ( OR 2.58,95％ CI 1.07-6.19 ) were predictive factors in the 65-79 years old group.ConclusionOur study suggests that NIHSS scores,albumin level and complications during hospitalization are useful predictive factors for the short-term poor functional outcome in the patients of ≥65 years old and ≥80 years old patients have a worse prognosis.