Objective To study EBV infection in nasopharyngeal carcinoma screening population in Guangzhou and analyze the influencing factors.Methods The data of individuals(aged 20 years and above)having EBV antibody of VCA-IgA and NA1-IgA test in Guangzhou Cadre and Talent Health Management Centerwere collected.Current status of EBV infection was studied and its influencing factors were analyzed by logistic regression analysis.Results A total of 55 311 subjects were screened,including 35 429 males(64.05%)and 19,882 females(35.95%).The overall EBV infection rate was 8.00%.There was no significant differences in the infection rate between different sex groups(P>0.05).The infection rate of EBV increased with age,with infection rate of 7.07%in individuals aged 20～39 years,7.86%in those aged 40～59 years,10.11%in those of 60～79 years old,and 10.99%in those aged≥80 years,showing statistical significance(χ2 = 85.487,P<0.01).Logistic regression analysis showed that EBV infection risk increased significantly with advancing age.The odds of EBV infection in individuals aged 40～59 years were 10.6%higher compared to those aged 20～39 years(OR = 1.106,95%CI:1.028～1.190).The odds of EBV infection in individuals aged 60～79 years were 42.2%higher compared to those aged 20～39 years(OR = 1.422,95%CI:1.288～1.569).Furthermore,the odds of EBV infection in individuals aged≥80 years were 53.1%higher compared to those aged 20～39 years(OR = 1.531,95%CI:1.230～1.906).A prior diagnosis of hypertension significantly increased the odds of EBV infection(OR = 1.105,95%CI:1.003～1.218).However,diabetes history exerted no influence on the outcome of EBV infection(P>0.05).Conclusions The overall infection rate of EBV in Guangzhou is 8.00%.Advanced age and hypertension history are the risk factors of EBV.The screening and prevention and control of EBV susceptible people should be strengthened.

Objective:To analyze the molecular epidemiological characteristics of the Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases in Shijiazhuang, which can reveal the origin of the outbreak and provide a scientific basis for COVID-19 prevention and control.Methods:From January 2 to January 8, 2021, a total of 404 samples from 170 COVID-19 cases were collected from the Shijiazhuang Fifth Hospital. The consensus sequence of 2019 novel Coronavirus(2019-nCoV) was obtained through multiplex polymerase chain reaction-based sequencing. The sequences of 170 COVID-19 cases were analyzed by the PANGOLIN, and the data were statistically analyzed by T-test.Results:Among the 404 COVID-19 samples, a total of 356 samples obtained high quality genome sequences (>95%,100×sequencing depth). The whole genome sequences of 170 COVID-19 cases were obtained by eliminating repeated samples. All 170 sequences were recognized as lineage B1.1 using PANGOLIN. The number of single nucleotide polymorphism arrange from 18-22 and most of the single nucleotide polymorphism were synonymous variants. All of 170 genomes could be classified into 48 sub-groups and most of the genomes were classified into 2 sub-groups (66 and 31, respectively).Conclusions:All cases in this study are likely originated from one imported case. The viruses have spread in the community for a long time and have mutated during the community transmission.

Objective:To investigate the current status of prevention and treatment of esophagogastric variceal bleeding (EVB) in cirrhotic portal hypertension patients in Ningxia region.Methods:The retrospective and descriptive study was conducted. The clinical data of 820 cirrhotic portal hypertension patients who were admitted to 21 medical centers in Niangxia region from January 2018 to December 2020 were collected, including 85 cases in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region People′s Hospital, 73 cases in the Fifth People′s Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, 59 cases in the Wuzhong People′s Hospital, 52 cases in the Qingtongxia People′s Hospital, 50 cases in the Guyuan People′s Hospital, 47 cases in the Yuanzhou District People′s Hospital of Guyuan City, 47 cases in the Yinchuan Second People′s Hospital, 40 cases in the General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, 40 cases in the Tongxin People′s Hospital, 35 cases in the Yinchuan First People′s Hospital, 34 cases in the Third People′s Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, 32 cases in the Zhongwei People′s Hospital, 30 cases in the Lingwu People′s Hospital, 30 cases in the Wuzhong New District Hospital, 30 cases in the Yanchi People′s Hospital, 29 cases in the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 28 cases in the Shizuishan Second People′s Hospital, 25 cases in the Shizuishan First People′s Hospital, 21 cases in the Haiyuan People′s Hospital, 20 cases in the Pengyang People′s Hospital, 13 cases in the Longde People′s Hospital. There were 538 males and 282 females, aged (56±13)years. Observation indicators: (1) clinical charac-teristics of cirrhotic portal hypertension patients; (2) overall prevention and treatment of EVB in cirrhotic portal hypertension patients; (3) prevention and treatment of EVB in cirrhotic portal hypertension patients from different grade hospitals. Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as Mean± SD. Count data were described as absolute numbers, and comparison between groups was analyzed using the chi-square test. Results:(1) Clinical characteristics of cirrhotic portal hypertension patients: of 820 cirrhotic portal hypertension patients, 271 cases were in compensated stage and 549 cases were in decompensated stage. Of the 271 cases in compensated stage, there were 183 maels and 88 females, aged (53±12)years. There were 185 Han people, 85 Hui people and 1 case of other ethic group. The etiological data of liver cirrhosis showed 211 cases of viral hepatitis B, 4 cases of alcoholic liver disease, 8 cases of viral hepatitis C, and 48 cases of other etiology. There were 235 cases of Child-Pugh grade A and 36 cases lack of data. Of the 549 cases in decompensated stage, there were 355 males and 194 females, aged (57±14) years. There were 373 Han people, 174 Hui people and 2 cases of other ethic group. The etiological data of liver cirrhosis showed 392 cases of viral hepatitis B, 33 cases of alcoholic liver disease, 10 cases of viral hepatitis C, and 114 cases of other etiology. There were 80 cases of Child-Pugh grade A, 289 cases of grade B, 170 cases of grade C and 10 cases lack of data. (2) Overall prevention and treatment of EVB in cirrhotic portal hypertension patients: of 271 patients in compensated stage, 38 cases received non-selective β-blocker (NSBB) therapy, 16 cases received endoscopic treatment, 6 cases received interventional therapy. Of 549 patients in decompensated stage, 68 cases received NSBB therapy, 46 cases received endoscopic treatment, 28 cases received interventional therapy. (3) Prevention and treatment of EVB in cirrhotic portal hypertension patients from different grade hospitals: of 271 patients in compensated stage, 181 cases came from tertiary hospitals, of which 28 cases received NSBB therapy, 15 cases received endoscopic treatment, 6 cases received interventional therapy. Ninety cases came from secondary hospitals, of which 10 cases received NSBB therapy, 1 cases received endoscopic treatment. There was no significant difference in NSBB for prevention of EVB between tertiary and secondary hospitals ( χ2=0.947, P>0.05), while there was a significant difference in endoscopic treatment for prevention of EVB between tertiary and secondary hospitals ( χ2=5.572, P<0.05). Of 549 patients in decompensated stage, 309 cases came from tertiary hospitals, of which 22 cases received NSBB therapy, 29 cases received endoscopic treatment, 22 cases received interventional therapy. Two hundreds and fourty cases came from secondary hospitals, of which 46 cases received NSBB therapy, 17 cases received endoscopic treatment, 6 cases received interven-tional therapy. There were significant differences in NSBB and interventional therapy for prevention of EVB between tertiary and secondary hospitals ( χ2=18.065, 5.956, P<0.05). Conclusions:The proportion of receiving EUB prevention in cirrhotic portal hypertension in Ningxia is relatively low. For patients with compensated liver cirrhosis, the proportion of NSBB therapy and endoscopic treatment in the secondary hospitals was lower than that in tertiary hospitals. For patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis, the proportion of interventional treatment in secondary hospitals is lower than that of tertiary hospitals, but the proportion of NSBB in secondary hospitals taking is higher than that of tertiary hospitals.

BACKGROUND: Lung cancer is the most common cancer worldwide with the highest morbidity and mortality, in which the non-small cell lung cancer accounts for 80% of all cases. The expression of (HOX transcript antisense RNA) HOTAIR were abnormal in a variety of tumor tissues and is involved in the regulation of the occurrence and development of lung cancer. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect and mechanism of down-regulation of HOTAIR on gefitinib resistance of lung adenocarcinoma HCC827 cells by targeting PTEN. METHODS: The HOTAIR downstream target gene was predicted by bioinformatics database. The small interfering RNAs (siRNA) which is corresponding to HOTAIR was transfected using Lipofectamine™ 2000. Quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) and Western blot were used to detect the expression of HOTAIR, PTEN, PI3K and AKT in HCC827 and HCC827GR cells. MTT assay was used to detect the changes in drug resistance of HCC827GR cells. Flow cytometry analysis were used to test the cell proliferation and the rate of apoptosis. RESULTS: The expression of HOTAIR increased in HCC827GR and the serum of NSCLC patients with gefitinib resistance (P<0.05). Transfection of HOTAIR siRNA decreased the expression of HOTAIR (P<0.05), and increased the expressions of PTEN (P<0.05), while the expression of PI3K and AKT were decreased (P<0.05). Compared with the blank control group, down-regulation of HOTAIR increased the sensitivity of HCC827GR cells to gefitinib. The cell proliferation ability was decreased and the apoptosis was promoted apparently (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Down-regulation of HOTAIR can suppress the cell growth and promote the apoptosis, and it can reverse the resistance of HCC827GR cells to gefitinib. Its potential mechanism may be related with the targeting of PTEN/PI3K/AKT pathway.

Objective:To investigate the diagnostic values of interleukin-22 (IL-22), interferon-γ(IFN-γ)and macrophage migration inhibition factor (MIF) in pleural effusion for tuberculosis pleurisy.Methods:From April 2018 to May 2019, a total of 77 patients including 45 cases of tuberculous pleurisy, 19 cases of malignant pleurisy, 13 cases of parapneumonia and 13 cases of healthy control in Wuxi Fifth People′s Hospital were enrolled. The levels of IL-22, IFN-γ and MIF in plasma and pleural effusion were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Mann-Whitney U test was used for statistical analysis.The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the diagnostic values of IL-22, IFN-γ and MIF for tuberculous pleurisy. Results:The median levels of IL-22, IFN-γ, MIF and adenosine deaminase in 45 cases with pleural effusion in tuberculosis pleurisy group were 396.8 ng/L, 2 200.0 ng/L, 241.3 μg/L and 70.8 U/L, respectively, which were all significantly higher than 32 cases with non-tuberculosis pleurisy group, including 19 cases with malignant pleurisy and 13 cases with parapneumonia (52.8 ng/L, 232.3 ng/L, 179.6 μg/L and 17.0 U/L, respectively). The differences were all statistically significant ( U=179.000, 118.500, 287.000, 162.000, respectively, all P<0.05). The median levels of IL-22 and IFN-γ in plasma of tuberculosis pleurisy group were 20.0 ng/L and 45.9 ng/L, respectively, which were both higher than healthy control group (14.3 ng/L and 33.4 ng/L, respectively). The level of MIF was 96.2 μg/L, which was lower than healthy control (159.5 μg/L). The differences were all statistically significant ( U=74.000, 13.000 and 73.000, respectively, all P<0.05). The areas under ROC curve (AUC) of IL-22, IFN-γ and MIF in pleural effusion for the diagnosis of tuberculosis pleurisy were 0.876, 0.917 and 0.682, respectively.The sensitivities were 93.75%, 100.00% and 63.64%, respectively; the specificities were 82.22%, 91.11% and 65.85%, respectively. The median levels of IL-22 and IFN-γ in plasma in tuberculosis pleurisy group at two months of follow-up after anti-tuberculosis therapy were 16.0 ng/L and 33.9 ng/L, respectively, which were both lower than baseline (20.0 ng/L and 44.7 ng/L, respectively). The differences were both statistically significant ( U=2.156 and 2.221, respectively, both P<0.05). Conclusion:IFN-γ and IL-22 in pleural effusion could be used as effective indicators to identify tuberculous pleurisy, and the dynamic monitoring of IL-22 in patients′plasma could be an important biomarker in evaluating the efficacy of anti-tuberculosis treatment.

Adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein activated protein kinase (AMPK), a heterotrimeric complex, is an important kinase to regulate glycolipid metabolism and energy balance involved in a variety physiological processes in human body. Many research indicated that the function and activity of AMPK were closely related to inflammation, diabetes and cancers. Recent reports show that inhibition of metformin (a first-line drug) on hepatic glucose in patients with hyperglycemia is associated with AMPK pathway, suggesting that targeting AMPK may be one of the effective strategies for the prevention and treatment of a variety of chronic diseases. Here, we review research progress on the structure, activation and regulation of AMPK in glycolipid metabolism to provide an insight into the basic and clinical research of diabetes therapy.
AMP-Activated Protein Kinases ; Adenosine ; Adenosine Monophosphate ; Energy Metabolism ; Enzyme Activation ; Glycolipids ; Humans

Objective To investigate the effects of betulinic acid on spatial learning and memory in rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM) and to explore its underlying mechanisms.Methods Forty-five male Wistar rats were randomly divided into control group (Sham),T2DM group and betulinic acid treatment group (BA) with 15 in each group.The rats in the latter two groups were given a high fat diet plus low dose of streptozotocin (STZ) to induce T2DM,and the rats in BA group was given 10 mg/kg BA for intragastric administration once daily for 12 weeks,the rats in T2DM group and Sham group were given an equal volume of physiological saline.Morris water maze method was used to detect the cognitive function.The mRNA levels of synaptic plasticity related protein GAP-43,SYP and PSD-95 were detected by RT-PCR.The protein expressions of cholinergic neurotransmitter ChAT and Ach were detected by Elisa.Results Compared with the Sham group,the escape latency of the T2DM group was significantly prolonged on days 2-4 ((62.28 ± 2.97)s vs (47.09±2.16)s;(48.52±3.09) s vs (26.18±2.21)s;(42.31±2.80)s vs (13.42±1.23)s),the original platform quadrant time was significantly reduced ((24.60±2.42) s vs (41.85 ± 1.98) s),GAP-43,SYP,ChAT and Ach levels were significantly lower,the differences were statistically significant (the t values were 16.37,22.34,39.78,20.42,116.01,91.35,71.84,21.88 and 21.11,respectively,all P＜ 0.05).Compared with T2DM group,the escape latency of BA group in 2-4 days were significantly shortened ((55.61±2.75)s vs (62.28±2.97)s;(31.35±2.63)s vs (48.52±3.09)s;(42.31±2.80)s vs (16.58± 1.37) s),the original platform quadrant time increased significantly ((37.58± 2.31) s vs (24.60±2.42) s),and GAP-43,SYP,PSD-95,ChAT and Ach levels were significantly higher,and the differences were statistically significant (the t values were 6.80,16.21,33.54,14.55,41.83,35.23,36.20,12.82 and 9.97,respectively,all P＜0.05).Conclusion Betulinic acid can improve the spatial learning and memory of type 2 diabetic rats,and increasing the expression of GAP-43,SYP,PSD-95,ChAT and Ach may be its potential mechanism.

Objective To observe the effect of early pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) on patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD). Methods AECOPD patients (n=97) were randomly distributed into two groups:control group (n=39) and rehabilitation group (n=58). Patients in both groups were assessed when symptom im?proved from acute phase (baseline, T1). Then patients in control group only received pharmaco-therapy and rehabilitation ed?ucation without PR. When symptom was relieved and stable (T2), they were given 12 weeks PR (T3). On the other hand, pa?tients in rehabilitation group underwent a 12-week PR after T1 directly (T2). The lung function parameters, 6 min walking distance (6MWD), MRC scores and CAT scores were observed and analyzed in two groups. Results Until the end of the 12-weeks observation, the value of lung function showed no statistic differences between two groups(either T1 in control group vs T1 in PR group or T2 in PR group vs T2 and T3 in control group. In control group, the value of 6MWD scores of T3 was bet?ter than that of T1 and T2, in PR group(F6MWD=8.762,FMRC=4.432,FCAT=10.266,P<0.05)while MRC, CAT value in T3 of control group were higher than those in T1 and T2 of PR group. At T1, parameters does not demonstrate significant difference between these two groups. Value of 6MWD was higher while MRC and CAT were lower in T2 of PR group than that in T2 and T3 of control group. Conclusion Early pulmonary rehabilitation could improve the mobility and qulity of life, as well as ameliorate the severity of dyspnea in AECOPD patients.

The prepared slices of Chinese crude drugs are growing important in recent years, and faced with new developments and opportunities. The author analyzed the importance of formulate national processing procedures of prepared slices of Chinese crude drugs combined actual work, proposed the overall objectives and tasks for the formulation, and emphasized to need to correctly deal with several important factors during the process of formulate "National processing procedures of prepared slices of Chinese crude drugs", unified the national standards of prepared slices, solved the real problems that the prepared slices of Chinese crude drugs industry faced.
Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; methods ; standards ; China ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; standards

Objective To evaluate the effect of traditional Chinese herbal medicine on the prevention of hemolytic disease caused by maternal-fetal blood group incompatibility.Methods A total of 126 Chinese patients with maternal-fetal blood group incompatibility were studied, including 105 cases of ABO type and 21 cases of Rh type incompatibility. The traditional Chinese herbal medicine was used for preventative treatment in 79 cases, and 47 cases served as controls. The prescription consisted of Herba leonuri 500 g, white peony root 180 g, Banksia rose 12 g, root of Chinese angelica 150 g and Rhizomal ligustica 150 g.Results Preventative treatment with traditional Chinese herbal medicine significantly reduced the perinatal mortality rate in cases of Rh type incompatibility, from 50.0% in the control group to 7.7% in the treatment group (P<0.05). There was no death in the cases of ABO incompatibility. The traditional Chinese herbal medicine also decreased the degree of hemolysis. The percentage of severe cases in the control group was 29.8%, while it was 15.2% in the treatment group (P=0.05). The duration of treatment was closely related to the outcomes. In patients who used traditional Chinese herbal medicine for more than 10 weeks, the incidence of severe hemolysis was 8.2%, compared with 38.9% in those treated for less than 10 weeks (P<0.05). The change of serum immune antibody (A and /or B) titers during the treatment was a very important predictive factor for the outcome of the pregnancy.Conclusion Traditional Chinese herbal medicine is effective not only for ABO type but also for Rh type maternal-fetal blood group incompatibility, with no side effects.