Objective:To investigate the related factors and prognosis of invasive Klebsiella pneumoniae liver abscess syndrome (IKLAS). Methods:The in-patients diagnosed with Klebsiella pneumoniae liver abscess in the Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University from January 2015 to February 2021 were retrospectively enrolled. The patients were divided into IKLAS group and non-IKLAS group according to whether they had IKLAS or not. The clinical data between the two groups were compared, including the prevalence of diabetes mellitus, the details of liver abscess, clinical symptoms such as fever and abdominal pain, as well as laboratory tests such as glycosylated hemoglobin and hemoglobin. Statistical analysis was performed using chi-square test or independent sample t test. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the factors influencing the occurrence of IKLAS. Results:A total of 75 patients with Klebsiella pneumoniae liver abscess were enrolled, including 55 patients (73.33%) in the IKLAS group and 20 patients (26.67%) in the non-IKLAS group. Fifty-two point seven three percent (29/55) of the patients had diabetes mellitus and 12.73%(7/55) of the patients had abdominal pain in the IKLAS group, which were 20.00%(4/20) and 45.00%(9/20) in the non-IKLAS group, respectively, and the differences were both statistically significant ( χ2=6.38 and 7.28, respectively, both P<0.05). Most of liver abscesses were single (50/75, 66.67%), and more likely to occur in the right liver (50/75, 66.67%). The maximum diameter of liver abscess in the IKLAS group was (4.58±2.04) cm, which was smaller than that in the non-IKLAS group ((6.49±3.11) cm), and the difference was statistically significant ( t=2.82, P=0.011). Compared with those in the non-IKLAS group, patients in the IKLAS group had higher glycosylated hemoglobin (8.69%±2.64% vs 6.18%±1.31%) and hemoglobin ((112.25±22.04) g/L vs (100.05±18.59) g/L), and the differences were both statistically significant ( t=-4.25 and -2.21, respectively, both P<0.05). The proportion of patients using antibiotics combined with abscess drainage in the IKLAS group was 38.18%(21/55), and that in the non-IKLAS group was 85.00%(17/20). The difference between the two groups was statistically significant ( χ2=12.86, P<0.001). A total of 16 patients (21 eyes) were diagnosed as endogenous Klebsiella pneumoniae endophthalmitis (EKPE), and all of them were IKLAS patients, and 14 patients underwent monocular/binocular eyeball injection and/or vitrectomy and silicone oil filling. The visual acuity of 13 patients decreased significantly. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that complicated with diabetes mellitus was an independent risk factor for IKLAS (odds ratio ( OR)=5.02, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.01 to 25.03, P=0.049). The large diameter of liver abscess was a protective factor for IKLAS ( OR=0.64, 95% CI 0.47 to 0.86, P=0.003). Conclusions:The patients with IKLAS have less abdominal pain, and most of them complicate with diabetes mellitus. Diabetes mellitus is an independent risk factor for the occurrence of IKLAS, while the large diameter of liver abscess is a protective factor. EKPE is associated with poor visual prognosis.

Objective To investigate the molecular mechanism of lipid metabolism disorder in mouse spleen tissues due to high-altitude hypoxia.Methods Ten C57BL/6 male mice were randomly divided into normoxia group(maintained at an altitude of 400 m)and high-altitude hypoxia group(maintained at 4200 m)for 30 days(n=5).Lipidomics and metabolomics analyses of the spleen tissue of the mice were conducted using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(LC-MS)to identify the differential metabolites,which were further analyzed by KEGG enrichment and pathway analyses,and the differential genes were screened through transcriptome sequencing.Bioinformatics analysis was conducted to identify the upstream target genes of the differential metabolites in specific metabolic pathways.RT-qPCR and Western blotting were used to detect mRNA expressions of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1(HSD11B1),steroid 5α reductase 1(SRD5A1),prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1(PTGS1),hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthetase(HPGDS),xanthine dehydrogenase(XDH),purine nucleoside phosphorylase(PNP),hypoxanthine guanine-phosphoribosyltransferase(HPRT)and extracellular 5'-nucleotidase(NT5E)and protein expressions of HSD11B1,SRD5A1,XDH,PNP and HPRT in the mouse spleens.Results We identified a total of 41 differential lipid metabolites in the mouse spleens,and these metabolites and the differential genes were enriched in steroid hormone biosynthesis,arachidonic acid metabolism,and purine metabolism pathways.Compared to the mice kept in normoxic conditions,the mice exposed to high-altitude hypoxia showed significantly upregulated expressions of adrenosterone,androsterone,prostaglandin D2,prostaglandin J2,xanthine,xanthosine,and uric acid in the spleen with also changes in the expression levels of HSD11B1,SRD5A1,PTGS1,HPGDS,XDH,PNP,HPRT,and NT5E.Conclusion High-altitude hypoxia can result in lipid metabolism disorder in mouse spleen tissue by affecting steroid hormone biosynthesis,arachidonic acid metabolism,and purine metabolism pathways.

Objective To investigate the molecular mechanism of lipid metabolism disorder in mouse spleen tissues due to high-altitude hypoxia.Methods Ten C57BL/6 male mice were randomly divided into normoxia group(maintained at an altitude of 400 m)and high-altitude hypoxia group(maintained at 4200 m)for 30 days(n=5).Lipidomics and metabolomics analyses of the spleen tissue of the mice were conducted using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(LC-MS)to identify the differential metabolites,which were further analyzed by KEGG enrichment and pathway analyses,and the differential genes were screened through transcriptome sequencing.Bioinformatics analysis was conducted to identify the upstream target genes of the differential metabolites in specific metabolic pathways.RT-qPCR and Western blotting were used to detect mRNA expressions of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1(HSD11B1),steroid 5α reductase 1(SRD5A1),prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1(PTGS1),hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthetase(HPGDS),xanthine dehydrogenase(XDH),purine nucleoside phosphorylase(PNP),hypoxanthine guanine-phosphoribosyltransferase(HPRT)and extracellular 5'-nucleotidase(NT5E)and protein expressions of HSD11B1,SRD5A1,XDH,PNP and HPRT in the mouse spleens.Results We identified a total of 41 differential lipid metabolites in the mouse spleens,and these metabolites and the differential genes were enriched in steroid hormone biosynthesis,arachidonic acid metabolism,and purine metabolism pathways.Compared to the mice kept in normoxic conditions,the mice exposed to high-altitude hypoxia showed significantly upregulated expressions of adrenosterone,androsterone,prostaglandin D2,prostaglandin J2,xanthine,xanthosine,and uric acid in the spleen with also changes in the expression levels of HSD11B1,SRD5A1,PTGS1,HPGDS,XDH,PNP,HPRT,and NT5E.Conclusion High-altitude hypoxia can result in lipid metabolism disorder in mouse spleen tissue by affecting steroid hormone biosynthesis,arachidonic acid metabolism,and purine metabolism pathways.

Objective:To investigate the correlation of the expression of Ephrin A receptor 2(EphA2)and its promoter region DNA hypomethylation with the occurrence of pyroptosis in invasive breast cancer. Methods:The expression level of pyroptosis-related protein EphA2 in normal breast tissue,paracancerous tissues and cancer tissues from 42 breast cancer patients was examined by Immunofluorescence staining and Western blotting.The expression level of pyroptosis related protein nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3(NLRP3)was analyzed by immunofluorescence staining and Western blotting.The expression levels of apoptosis related proteins Caspase 1 and inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β(IL-1 β)were studied by Western blotting.The DNA methylation level in the promoter region of EphA2 was investigated by nested methylation-specific PCR(nMS-PCR).The expression levels of DNA methyltransferase 1(DNMT1)and DNA methyltransferase 3a(DNMT3a)were examined by Western blotting.The correlation of the protein expression and methylation level of EphA2 in cancer tissues with the expression NLRP3,Caspase 1,IL-1 β,DNMT1 and DNMT3a was analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient. Results:Compared with normal breast tissues and paracancerous tissues,the expression level of EphA2 protein was significantly increased(P＜0.01),while that of NLRP3,Caspasel and IL-1 βwas significantly decreased(P＜0.05)in breast cancer tissues.Meanwhile,compared with normal breast tissues and paracancerous tissues,the DNA methylation level of EphA2 promoter in breast cancer tissues was significantly decreased(P＜0.05),the expression level DNMT3a protein was significantly decreased(P＜0.01,P＜0.05),and the difference in the expression level of DNMT1 protein was not statistically significant.Pearson correlation analysis showed that the expression level of EphA2 protein is negatively correlated with that of NLRP3(r=-0.651 2,P＜0.05),Caspasel(r=-0.571 2,P＜0.05),IL-1β(r=-0.654 6,P＜0.05)or DNMT3a(r=-0.537 4,P＜0.05),while the methylation level of EphA2 was positively correlated with the protein expression level of NLRP3(r=0.634 1,P=0.026 8),Caspase1(r=0.672 8,P=0.01 6 5),IL-1 β(r=0.694 0,P=0.01 2 3)and DNMT3a(r=0.687 1,P=0.01 3 6). Conclusion:The expression of EphA2 protein is upregulated in breast cancer tissues is negatively correlated with pyroptosis.DNMT3a may be involved in the process of DNA hypomethylation in the promoter region of EphA2.

Objective:To investigate the effects of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) CDKN2B-AS1 targeting miR-98-5p on proliferation and invasion of lung cancer A549 cells.Methods:A549 cells cultured in vitro were divided into control group, pcDNA group (transfected with pcDNA) , CDKN2B-AS1 group (transfected with pcDNA CDKN2B-AS1) and double transfection group (transfected with pcDNA CDKN2B-AS1 and pcDNA miR-98-5p) . The expression of lncRNA CDKN2B-AS1, miR-98-5p and the protein expression of PCNA, MMP-9 in A549 cells were detected. The activity, clone number, cloning efficiency, and the number of invasive cells of A549 cells were detected.Results:Compared with pcDNA group, the expression level of lncRNA CDKN2B-AS1 [ (2.14±0.14) vs (1.03±0.10) ], OD value in each time points, clone number [ (314.60±18.13) vs (220.08±12.46) ], cloning efficiency [ (85.81±3.06) % vs (60.03±2.85) %], invasive cell number [ (233.30±18.98) vs (140.84±12.30) ], expression levels of PCNA [ (0.78±0.08) vs (0.48±0.07) ] and MMP-9 [ (0.75±0.06) vs (0.38±0.06) ] proteins in A549 cells in CDKN2B-AS1 group were significantly increased ( P<0.05) ; the expression level of miR-98-5p [ (0.23±0.03) vs (0.99±0.09) ] was significantly decreased ( P<0.05) ; compared with CDKN2B-AS1 group, there was no significant difference in the expression level of lncRNA CDKN2B-AS1 in A549 cells in double transfection group ( P>0.05) , while the expression level of miR-98-5p in A549 cells was significantly increased ( P<0.05) . The OD value in each time points, clone number, cloning efficiency, invasive cell number, expression levels of PCNA and MMP-9 proteins were significantly decreased ( P<0.05) . Conclusion:LncRNA CDKN2B-AS1 can promote the proliferation and invasion of lung cancer A549 cells by targetingly inhibiting the expression of miR-98-5p.

Objective:To investigate the current status of prevention and treatment of esophagogastric variceal bleeding (EVB) in cirrhotic portal hypertension patients in Ningxia region.Methods:The retrospective and descriptive study was conducted. The clinical data of 820 cirrhotic portal hypertension patients who were admitted to 21 medical centers in Niangxia region from January 2018 to December 2020 were collected, including 85 cases in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region People′s Hospital, 73 cases in the Fifth People′s Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, 59 cases in the Wuzhong People′s Hospital, 52 cases in the Qingtongxia People′s Hospital, 50 cases in the Guyuan People′s Hospital, 47 cases in the Yuanzhou District People′s Hospital of Guyuan City, 47 cases in the Yinchuan Second People′s Hospital, 40 cases in the General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, 40 cases in the Tongxin People′s Hospital, 35 cases in the Yinchuan First People′s Hospital, 34 cases in the Third People′s Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, 32 cases in the Zhongwei People′s Hospital, 30 cases in the Lingwu People′s Hospital, 30 cases in the Wuzhong New District Hospital, 30 cases in the Yanchi People′s Hospital, 29 cases in the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 28 cases in the Shizuishan Second People′s Hospital, 25 cases in the Shizuishan First People′s Hospital, 21 cases in the Haiyuan People′s Hospital, 20 cases in the Pengyang People′s Hospital, 13 cases in the Longde People′s Hospital. There were 538 males and 282 females, aged (56±13)years. Observation indicators: (1) clinical charac-teristics of cirrhotic portal hypertension patients; (2) overall prevention and treatment of EVB in cirrhotic portal hypertension patients; (3) prevention and treatment of EVB in cirrhotic portal hypertension patients from different grade hospitals. Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as Mean± SD. Count data were described as absolute numbers, and comparison between groups was analyzed using the chi-square test. Results:(1) Clinical characteristics of cirrhotic portal hypertension patients: of 820 cirrhotic portal hypertension patients, 271 cases were in compensated stage and 549 cases were in decompensated stage. Of the 271 cases in compensated stage, there were 183 maels and 88 females, aged (53±12)years. There were 185 Han people, 85 Hui people and 1 case of other ethic group. The etiological data of liver cirrhosis showed 211 cases of viral hepatitis B, 4 cases of alcoholic liver disease, 8 cases of viral hepatitis C, and 48 cases of other etiology. There were 235 cases of Child-Pugh grade A and 36 cases lack of data. Of the 549 cases in decompensated stage, there were 355 males and 194 females, aged (57±14) years. There were 373 Han people, 174 Hui people and 2 cases of other ethic group. The etiological data of liver cirrhosis showed 392 cases of viral hepatitis B, 33 cases of alcoholic liver disease, 10 cases of viral hepatitis C, and 114 cases of other etiology. There were 80 cases of Child-Pugh grade A, 289 cases of grade B, 170 cases of grade C and 10 cases lack of data. (2) Overall prevention and treatment of EVB in cirrhotic portal hypertension patients: of 271 patients in compensated stage, 38 cases received non-selective β-blocker (NSBB) therapy, 16 cases received endoscopic treatment, 6 cases received interventional therapy. Of 549 patients in decompensated stage, 68 cases received NSBB therapy, 46 cases received endoscopic treatment, 28 cases received interventional therapy. (3) Prevention and treatment of EVB in cirrhotic portal hypertension patients from different grade hospitals: of 271 patients in compensated stage, 181 cases came from tertiary hospitals, of which 28 cases received NSBB therapy, 15 cases received endoscopic treatment, 6 cases received interventional therapy. Ninety cases came from secondary hospitals, of which 10 cases received NSBB therapy, 1 cases received endoscopic treatment. There was no significant difference in NSBB for prevention of EVB between tertiary and secondary hospitals ( χ2=0.947, P>0.05), while there was a significant difference in endoscopic treatment for prevention of EVB between tertiary and secondary hospitals ( χ2=5.572, P<0.05). Of 549 patients in decompensated stage, 309 cases came from tertiary hospitals, of which 22 cases received NSBB therapy, 29 cases received endoscopic treatment, 22 cases received interventional therapy. Two hundreds and fourty cases came from secondary hospitals, of which 46 cases received NSBB therapy, 17 cases received endoscopic treatment, 6 cases received interven-tional therapy. There were significant differences in NSBB and interventional therapy for prevention of EVB between tertiary and secondary hospitals ( χ2=18.065, 5.956, P<0.05). Conclusions:The proportion of receiving EUB prevention in cirrhotic portal hypertension in Ningxia is relatively low. For patients with compensated liver cirrhosis, the proportion of NSBB therapy and endoscopic treatment in the secondary hospitals was lower than that in tertiary hospitals. For patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis, the proportion of interventional treatment in secondary hospitals is lower than that of tertiary hospitals, but the proportion of NSBB in secondary hospitals taking is higher than that of tertiary hospitals.

Objective: To predict the efficacy of endoscopic tissue adhesives in the treatment of gastric varices in patients with liver cirrhosis by Nomogram model. Methods: From August 2014 to September 2017, 158 patients with liver cirrhosis caused esophagogastric variceal bleeding and received endoscopic tissue adhesives treatment at Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University were collected. All patients were followed for 12 months. The primary outcome was rebleeding. The factors of rebleeding after endoscopic treatment of esophagogastric varices were analyzed. Nomogram prognostic model was developed and compared with Child-Pugh grading, computed tomography angiography (CTA) and hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) in prognostic accuracy in rebleeding after endoscopic treatment in liver cirrhosis caused esophagogastric varices. Univariate and multivaricate Cox regression analysis, Kaplan-Meier curve and log-rank test were performed for statistical analysis. Results: During the follow-up, rebleading occurred in 18 cases (11.4%), 37 cases (23.4%) and 49 cases (31.0%) at 2, 6, and 12 months after endoscopic treatment. The results of univariate Cox regression analysis showed the risk factors of rebleeding after endoscopic treatment of gastric varices included gender, alcoholic liver cirrhosis, diabetes mellitus, Child-Pugh grade (Grade A vs. B or C), extraluminal vessels on CTA (presence vs. absence) HVPG (<16 mmHg vs. ≥16 mmHg, 1 mmHg = 0.133 kPa), extensive portal embolism, esophageal varices, type 2 gastric varices, injection points of tissue adhesive (≤3 points vs. > 3 points), injection volume of tissue adhesive (≤ 3 mL vs. > 3 mL) (hazard ratio (HR)=0.575, 2.018, 1.562, 3.433, 2.945, 1.859, 2.743, 0.324, 1.840, 1.477, and 1.716; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.305 to 1.084, 0.902 to 4.514, 1.753 to 6.724, 1.663 to 5.217, 1.012 to 3.415, 0.852 to 8.830, 0.079 to 1.335, 1.012 to 3.317, 0.839 to 2.602, and 0.935 to 3.152; all P<0.2). The results of multivariate Cox regression analysis indicated that Child-Pugh grade, extraluminal vessels by CTA, and HVPG (HR = 2.095, 95% CI 1.099 to 3.995, P = 0.025) were all independent risk factors of rebleeding after endoscopic treatment of gastric varices (HR=2.665, 2.886, and 2.095; 95% CI 1.339 to 5.300, 1.580 to 5.271, and 1.099 to 3.995; all P<0.05). Kaplan-Meier curves showed that Child-Pugh grade (Grade A vs. B or C), extraluminal vessels on CTA (presence or absent) and HVPG (<16 mmHg vs. ≥16 mmHg) could effectively predict cumulative non-rebleeding rate in one year after endoscopic treatment of gastric varices, and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). Receiver operataring characteristic curve analysis demonstrated that the predictive value of the model combined with Child-Pugh grade, extraluminal vessels on CTA and HVPG was higher than that of Child-Pugh grade and HVPG (AUC=0.746, 0.673 and 0.585; 95% CI 0.662 to 0.829, 0.583 to 0.762, and 0.486 to 0.683; P<0.01, P=0.001 and P=0.089, respectively). Patients were divided into low, medium, and high-risk groups according to the 25th and 75th percentiles of the Nomogram score. The results showed that Nomogram model could effectively distinguish high-risk groups of rebleeding after endoscopic treatment of gastric varices, and the difference was statistically significant (P <0.01). Conclusions Extraluminal vessels on CTA, HVPG and Child-Pugh grade are independent prognostic evaluation indexes of rebleeding after endoscopic treatment of gastric varices. The predictive accuracy of Nomogram model based on these three prognostic factors may be better than Child-Pugh grade and HVPG.

Background Pigmentary glaucoma and pseudoexfoliation glaucoma are characterized by pigment dispersion in trabecular meshwork,and the dipersitional pigment probably contributes to the resistance of aqueous outflow pathway,irreversible damage of the trabecular meshwork and the remodeling abnormality of extracellular matrix.Researches determined that contents of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) in the aqueous humor are increased in glaucomatous eyes.However,the effects of TGF-β and fibronectin (FN) in the trabecular meshwork cells (TMCs) acted by iris pigmentary particles still are not elucidated.Objective This study was to investigate the effects of iris pigment particles on TGF-β1 and FN expression in bovine TMCs (BTMCs) cultured in vitro.Methods BTMCs were cultured in vitro by explant culture method and identified by morphological evaluation.The third generation of BTMCs were divided into normal control group and pigment group,and 100 μ1 PBS and 100 μl iris pigment suspension (final concentration of 1 × 107 particles/ml) were added into the medium for 24 hours,respectively.The expressions of TGF-β1 mRNA,FN mRNA and their proteins in the BTMCs were assayed by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR and ELISA,respectively.Results Cultured cells grew well and showed the fusiform,polygon and dendritic like in shape,with pigmented and round nuclei.The relative expression levels of TGF-β1 mRNA and FN mRNA in the cells were 2.98±0.27 and 0.36±0.10 in the iris pigment group,which were significantly higher than 1.00±0.00 and 1.00±0.00 in the normal control group (t =12.68,10.60,both at P =0.00).The concentrations of TGF-β1 protein and FN protein in the cell suspension were (156.60±9.74)ng/L and (59.29±15.79)mg/ml in the iris pigment group,showing significant differences in comparison with (65.46 ± 14.24) ng/L and (102.10 ± 12.14)mg/mlin the normal control group (t=9.15,P=0.00;t=3.72,P=0.02).Conclusions The expression of TGF-β1 is up-regulated and that of FN is down-regulated in BTMCs cultured by iris pigment,inferring that TGF-β1 and FN participate in the pathogenesis and development of pigmentary and pseudoexfoliation glaucoma.

BACKGROUND:Hip and knee replacement is a common surgery in the clinic; the procedure is relatively complex; and the risk of surgery is relatively high, so that postoperative analgesia is not satisfactory. Perioperative pain management has been a clinical concern. To find safe and effective analgesia has become one of the important tasks of joint surgeons. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of celecoxib on multi-mode analgesia after hip and knee replacement. METHODS: A total of 80 cases undergoing hip and knee replacement in the Chongqing Dongnan Hospital from September 2012 to September 2013 were enroled in this study. These patients were randomly divided into two groups. In the control group, celecoxib was not used for analgesia after replacement. In the experimental group, celecoxib was used after replacement. The pain was observed at 1-5 days after surgery in the two groups. When the analgesic pump was removed, the drug dosage and opioid analgesics use were recorded. Side effects of drug use were also recorded. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:In terms of analgesic efficacy, the analgesic effect was better in the experimental group than in the control group (95%, 85%, P < 0.05). 95% patients in the experimental group were satisfied with the analgesia, which was significantly higher than in the control group (65%;P< 0.05). No significant difference in pain visual analogue scale score was detected between the two groups immediately, 4 and 5 days after surgery (P > 0.05). Pain visual analogue scale score was significantly lower in the experimental group than in the control group at 1, 2 and 3 days post surgery (P< 0.05). The drug dosage was significantly more in the experimental group than in the control group after surgery (P < 0.05). The frequency of opioid use in the experimental group was significantly lower than in the control group (P < 0.05). The complication rate was significantly lower in the experimental group (8%) than in the control group (18%) (P < 0.05). These findings demonstrate that the analgesic effect of celecoxib was ideal after hip and knee replacement using multi-mode analgesia, which can reduce the dose of analgesic drugs and have smal adverse reaction.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the distribution patterns of mosquito and mosquito-borne viruses in Dehong prefecture, Yunnan province, China.

METHODSMosquito samples were collected using the mosquito traps from five counties of Dehong prefecture on July, 2007 and 2010. Mosquito were cell cultured for viral isolation, and positive isolates were identified using RT-PCR and sequence analysis.

RESULTSA total of 43 634 mosquito comprised of 29 species representing six genera were collected. Culex tritaeniorhynchus and Anopheles sinensis comprised 78.69% and 14.77% of the total. Six strains of viruses were isolated from the mosquito pools. RT-PCR and phylogenetic analysis revealed three strains from Cx. tritaeniorhynchus, identified as genotype I Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV). One strain was identified from Cx. tritaeniorhynchus, as Getah virus (GETV). Two strains isolated from Cx. tritaeniorhynchus and Anopheles vagus were identified as Culex pipiens pallens Densovirus (CppDNV).

CONCLUSIONCx. tritaeniorhynchus had been the major species of mosquito and mainly transmitting vector of mosquito-borne viruses in Dehong prefecture. Genotype I JEV, GETV and CppDNV were the vectors causing transmission of mosquito-borne diseases in this area. Data from phylogenetic analysis showed that these newly discovered isolates seemed to have had close relationship with those viruses previously circulating in Yunnan and other provinces of China.

Alphavirus ; isolation & purification ; Animals ; Arboviruses ; classification ; isolation & purification ; China ; Culicidae ; virology ; Disease Vectors ; classification ; Encephalitis Virus, Japanese ; isolation & purification