Objective:To investigate the clinicopathological characteristics of acidophil stem cell pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNET)/adenoma.Methods:Five cases of acidophil stem cell PitNET/adenoma were diagnosed between May 2022 and July 2023 at the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China. The clinicopathological features of the tumor were analyzed by using histology, immunohistochemistry, and electron microscopy. The relevant literature was reviewed.Results:There were 1 male and 4 females, aged from 23 to 69 years. Patient 3 was 55 years old at the time of diagnosis and first surgery, and relapsed 5 years later. The patients′ median age was 32 years. Patients 1 and 5 showed elevated blood prolactin, with various degrees of hormonal symptoms except Patient 3, who showed only tumor compression symptoms. Imaging studies showed that all cases involved the sellar floor. The tumors of Patients 1, 2 and 5 were closely related to the cavernous sinus segment of the internal carotid artery. The tumors exhibited a diffuse growth pattern with chromophobic to slightly acidophilic cytoplasm. A few of tumor cells showed chromophobic cytoplasm. The nucleoli were conspicuous. Intranuclear inclusion bodies and variably-sized clear vacuoles were observed occasionally. Under electron microscope, marked mitochondrial abnormalities were observed, including increased mitochondria number, expanded hypertrophy, and absence of mitochondrial ridge fracture. Some mitochondrial matrices were dense, while some were vacuolated.Conclusions:Acidophil stem cell PitNET/adenoma is a rare type of pituitary adenomas/PitNETs. It often has a more clinically aggressive manner with immature cells, diffuse expression of PIT1, prolactin, and varying degrees of growth hormone expression. Because of the obvious diversity of their clinical hormone status and hormone immune expression, the diagnosis of this type tumor is still a challenge.

Both Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and NF-κB signaling pathway are highly conservative pathways that regulate a variety of biological processes, and their cross-regulation have attracted attention in many biological and medical research fields. In this review, we summarize the cross-regulation between Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and NF-κB signaling pathway and discuss their involvement in the multi-directional differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells.

Objective:To investigate the effect of autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (auto-HSCT) bridging to chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T) immunotherapy for follicular lymphoma (FL) transformed to B-lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma (B-LBL).Methods:The diagnosis and treatment of 1 patient with FL transformed to B-LBL admitted to the First Hospital of Soochow University in August 2020 were retrospectively analyzed and the literature was reviewed.Results:The male patient was 65 years old, and was diagnosed as FL (stage Ⅳ group A, FL international prognostic index -1 score 3 points, high-risk group) in August 2020. And then he was given 6 courses of RB (rituximab combined with bendamustine) regimen, with complete remission (CR) at mid-term and end-stage PET-CT, followed by regular maintenance therapy with rituximab every 2 months, and disease progressed after 4 courses of maintenance therapy. According to the results of histopathology and bone marrow aspiration in December 2021, he was diagnosed B-LBL involving the bone marrow. Partial remission was achieved after induction therapy with zanubnulindb combined with hyper CVAD (cyclophosphamide + doxorubicin + vindesine + dexamethasone) regimen, followed by auto-HSCT bridging to CAR-T treatment targeting CD19 and CD22, which proceeded smoothly with cytokine release syndrome grade 0, immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome grade 0. The patient successfully underwent hematopoietic reconstruction and orally taken ibrutinib after discharge. PET-CT indicated CR 2 months after transplantation and he was still in disease-free survival state.Conclusions:The prognosis of FL transformed to B-LBL is poor, and auto-HSCT bridging to CAR-T can improve the prognosis and prolong the survival time of patients who cannot undergo allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

OBJECTIVE：To summari ze clinical application and existing problems of artificial auditing and information-based medical order auditing modes so as to provide reference for improving rational medication. METHODS ：Collecting data by literature search ，using “Prescription auditing ”“Medical order auditing ”“Prescription pre-auditing ”“Medication error ” “Medication-related problems ”“Medication safety ”“Alert fatigue ”“Medication review ”“Decision support medication review ” “Real-time medication review ”“Real-time prescription surveillance ”“Clinical alarms decision support systems ”“Clinical pharmacy information systems ”“Medication errors ”“Medication related problem ”as keywords ，the related literatures from Jan. 2000 to Nov. 2019 were retrieved from CNKI ，Wanfang database ，PubMed，Embase，Web of Science and other databases. The clinical application and existing problems of 2 medical order auditing modes were analyzed and summarized. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS：The artificial auditing mode can reduce medication-related problems （such as poor drug treatment effect ， untreated symptoms or indications ，potential adverse drug events ，unnecessary drug treatment ，etc.），improve life quality of patients，but can not decrease the mortality and the length of hospitalization stay ；there are some problems ，such as many pharmacists needed for medical order auditing ，insufficient auditing time ，different auditing standards ，auditing time lagging. The information-based medical order auditing mode can reduce medication-related problems ，save auditing time ，reduce the incidence of medication errors ，reduce unreasonable medical orders ，and improve audit efficiency. Compared with the artificial auditing mode ，it has certain advantages ，but there are problems such as alarm fatigue. At present ，the domestic medical order auditing mode is dominated by artificial audit mode ；the information-based medical order auditing mode is still in the initial stage ，and the most attention is paid to its influence on the qualified rate of prescription ，while the research on the incidence of adverse events and other clinical effects is less. Later ，the 2 midical order can be D181100000218002）； improve to provide a reference for medical order auditing of 2019 hospital pharmacy personnel.