Objective To develop an oxybutynin nanotransdermal formulation with high skin permeability based on cubsomes carrier.Methods The oxybutynin loaded cubsomes(OXY-CS)was prepared by ultrasonic method.Using particle size,polydispersity index and encapsulation efficiency as evaluation indexes,stirring temperature,stirring time,stirring speed,ultrasound time,ultrasound power,glycerol monooleate/poloxamer 407 ratio(GMO/F127),carrier(GMO+F127)/drug ratio and drug concentration were optimized.The effects of drug concentration,permeation promoter and gel matrix type on skin permeability were investigated using cumulative permeation and skin retention as evaluation indicators.Results The prepared OXY-CS had small particle size and high encapsulation efficiency at stirring temperature of 50℃,stirring time of 30 min,stirring speed of 1 000 r/min,ultrasound time of 10 min,ultrasound power of 100 W,GMO/F127 ratio of 2∶1,carrier/drug ratio of 3∶1 and drug concentration of 1％,respectively.OXY-CS had high cumulative penetration and skin retention at concentration ≥ 3％.The addition of a permeation promoter to OXY-CS did not increase the cumulative penetration of the drug.The skin permeability of oxybutynin cubsomes gel made with carbomer was significantly better than those of other gel matrices.Conclusion In this study,oxybutynin is made into a topical cubsomes gel,which is expected to reduce the incidence of adverse effects associated with oral administration.

Objective:To explore the clinical application value of pre-breathing mode in double-low imaging of 320-slices computed tomography(CT)for pulmonary artery.Methods:A total of 100 patients who underwent CT pulmonary angiography(CTPA)for suspected pulmonary embolism(PE)in Liuzhou People's Hospital from July 2021 to September 2022 were prospectively selected as the research subjects and they were randomly divided into observation group and control group,with 50 cases in each group.The patients of the control group adopted conventional breathing mode(the breathing password was activated after reaching the threshold,and the scan was triggered after 6 s),while the patients of the observation group adopted the pre-breathing mode(the breathing password was activated after 1 or 2 seconds,and the scan was triggered after reaching the threshold).Both two groups adopted double low-technique scan of 320 slices CT.The differences in delay time,radiation dose,the points of subjective and objective image quality,and other indicators were compared between the two groups.Results:The volume CT dose index(CTDIvol),dose length product(DLP),effective dose(ED)and delay time of the observation group were significantly lower than those of the control group(t=76.230,30.225,12.282,7.088,P<0.05),respectively.The comparison of the subjective points of image qualities between the two groups indicated that there were 25 cases with 5 points,23 cases with 4 points and 2 cases with 3 points in the observation group,and there were 21 cases with 5 points,26 cases with 4 points and 3 cases with 3 points in the control group.There was no significant difference in the averagely subjective points of image qualities between two groups(P>0.05).The signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)and signal to noise ratio(CNR)of the observation group were significantly lower than those of the control group,and the noise level(SD)of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group(t=25.441,23.886、11.426,P<0.05),respectively.The CT values of the artery trunk of right pulmonary,artery branch of right pulmonary,artery trunk of left pulmonary and artery branch of left pulmonary in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group(t=2.256,2.225,2.042,2.277,P<0.05),respectively.Conclusion:The pre-breathing mode can effectively improve CTPA image quality,and reduce radiation dose and the dosage of contrast agent,which clinical application effect is significant.It is worth learning.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have demonstrated unparalleled clinical responses and revolutionized the paradigm of tumor treatment, while substantial patients remain unresponsive or develop resistance to ICIs as a single agent, which is traceable to cellular metabolic dysfunction. Although dysregulated metabolism has long been adjudged as a hallmark of tumor, it is now increasingly accepted that metabolic reprogramming is not exclusive to tumor cells but is also characteristic of immunocytes. Correspondingly, people used to pay more attention to the effect of tumor cell metabolism on immunocytes, but in practice immunocytes interact intimately with their own metabolic function in a way that has never been realized before during their activation and differentiation, which opens up a whole new frontier called immunometabolism. The metabolic intervention for tumor-infiltrating immunocytes could offer fresh opportunities to break the resistance and ameliorate existing ICI immunotherapy, whose crux might be to ascertain synergistic combinations of metabolic intervention with ICIs to reap synergic benefits and facilitate an adjusted anti-tumor immune response. Herein, we elaborate potential mechanisms underlying immunotherapy resistance from a novel dimension of metabolic reprogramming in diverse tumor-infiltrating immunocytes, and related metabolic intervention in the hope of offering a reference for targeting metabolic vulnerabilities to circumvent immunotherapeutic resistance.
Humans ; Neoplasms/pathology* ; Immunotherapy/methods* ; Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors/therapeutic use*

Objective To investigate the protective effect and its mechanism of infradiaphragmatic stasis-expelling decoction on hepatic fibrosis in rats. Method One hundred and ten SD rats were divided into four groups:the normal control group ,model group ,low dose group and high dose group of infradiaphragmatic stasis-expelling decoction. In addition to the normal control group,rats in other groups were subcutaneously given pure CCl4 to set up the liver fibrosis model. Twelve weeks later,the serum liver biochemical indexes,including ALT,AST, ALB,TP and T-bil,the Ishak score about liver fibrosis ,the positive expression of TIMP-1 were compared among groups. Results Compared with the fibrotic group,the levels of serum ALT,AST and T-bil were lower in low dose group,the level of serum TP and ALB were increased in high dose group Levels of serum ALT,AST and T-bil were significantly lowered in high dose group,the levels of serum of TP and ALB were significantly increased in high dose group. Compared with model group,the Ishak score about liver fibrosis was significantly lowered(P<0.05). Numbers of cells with positive expression of TIMP-1 in liver tissue was reduced. Conclusion Infradiaphragmatic stasis-expelling decoction could inhibit the expression and activity of TIMP-1 contributing to the effect of antiliver fibrosis.

Objective To assess the value of preoperative MRI in predicting the incidence of cement leakage into adjacent discs during percutaneous vertebral augmentation (PVA) for osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture (OVCF).Methods Clinical and radiological characteristics of 127 patients who were treated with PVA for OVCF were analyzed retrospec tively.The following clinical data of these patients were analyzed,including gender,age,location of treated vertebral body and surgical approach.The image features of endplate injury,fracture line extended to the endplate,adjacent intervertebral dick injury and intravertebral cleft were evaluated on the preoperative MRI.The incidence of cement leakage into the adjacent disc were compared for the above factors with statistical methods.Results Totally 127 patients were enrolled in our study,including 179 treated vertebral bodies,358 endplates and 341 adjacent intervertebral discs.The incidence of intradiscal cement leakage was 57.73％ (56/97) in endplate injury sign,60.98％ (25/41) in fracture line extended to endplate sign,35.91％(51/142) in adjacent discs injury sign and 55.56％(20/36) inintravertebral cleft sign.The differences were statistically significant on preoperative MRI in patients with the above signs compared to those who had not (P＜0.05).The incidence of intradiscal cement leakage in percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP) and percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) were 26.67％(16/60) and 42.86％(51/119),respectively,which was significant different (P=0.035).For bone cement volume ≤ 5 ml vertebral bodies,the incidence of intradiscal cement leakage was 31.19 ％ (34/109),lower than bone cement volume ＞ 5 ml vertebral bodies (47.14％ [33/70],P=0.031).There was no statistically significant association between intradiscal cement leakage and age,gender and location of treated vertebral body (P＞0.05).Conclusion Preoperative MRI can predict the leakage of bone cement into adjacent discs effectively during PVA.The PKP and the lower volume of bone cement injection can reduce the risk of intradiscal cement leakage.

OBJECTIVE:To establish quality standard for Zhuang medicine Homalocladium platycladum. METHODS:TLC method was used for qualitative identification. HPLC method was used to determine the content of quercetrin in samples:Agilent Zorbax SB-C18 column,mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-0.1% acetic acid(20:80,V/V),flow rate of 1.0 mL/min,detection wavelength of 360 nm,column temperature of 30 ℃,injection volume of 10 μL. The contents of moisture,total ash and extract in samples were determined. referring to Chinese Pharmacopiea(2015 edition). RESULTS:TLC spots of H. platycladum were clear and well-separated without interference from negative control. The linear range of quercetin were 0.023-0.46 mg/mL(r=0.9991). RSDs of precision,stability and repeatability tests were all lower than 2.0%. The average recoveries were 98.01%-103.05%(RSD=1.71%,n=6). The contents of moisture,total ash,extract and quercetrin in samples were 6.39%-9.78%,2.82%-8.07%, 0.02%-0.27%,14.14%-28.45%,0.09%-0.50% respectively. CONCLUSIONS:Established trial can be used for quality control of Zhuang medicine H. platycladum.

Clinical medicine and its teaching patterns put forward the new demand to the teaching of laboratory diagnostics. According to the teaching objectives and development tendency of laboratory diagnostics, a novel teaching pattern based on organ-system diseases was established through systematical reform measures. The course content system was reconstructed and focused on the diseases. And the professional teacher group carefully orchestrated, applied new teaching methods,such as case-based learning and problem-based learning. The independent learning on a resource sharing network platform was encouraged, and the evaluation system was innovated. The novel teaching pattern has obtained gratifying achievement, and showed a bright prospect of development.

A mathematical model of competition-type lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) was developed to describe the dynamic process of LFIA.The competition-type LFIA was divided into two categories: TwA-competition-type LFIA and TnA-competition-type LFIA.On the basis of the developed model, the COMSOL software was exploited to simulate the dynamic process of LFIA.The simulation result demonstrated the relationships between the concentrations of substances on the test and control lines and the influence factors.In particular, the influence factors in the TwA-competition-type LFIA included the concentrations of target analyte A (0-20 mol/L) and reporter particle P (0.01-100 mol/L), and the position of the test line (5-20 mm).On the other hand, the influence factors in the TnA-competition-type LFIA included the concentrations of target analyte A (0-20 mol/L) and reporter particle P (0.01-100 mol/L), and the porosity.Experiment result showed that the developed model could be used to explore the influence of the parameters on the test results, and optimize the performance of LFIA.

Wearable devices are used in the new design of the maternal health care system to detect electrocardiogram and oxygen saturation signal while smart terminals are used to achieve assessments and input maternal clinical information. All the results combined with biochemical analysis from hospital are uploaded to cloud server by mobile Internet. Machine learning algorithms are used for data mining of all information of subjects. This system can achieve the assessment and care of maternal physical health as well as mental health. Moreover, the system can send the results and health guidance to smart terminals.
Algorithms ; Clothing ; Electrocardiography ; Equipment Design ; Female ; Humans ; Internet ; Machine Learning ; Maternal Health ; Monitoring, Ambulatory ; instrumentation ; Telemedicine ; instrumentation

OBJECTIVE:To optimize the content determination conditions of total alkaloids from Zhuang medicine Munronia delavayi,and to determine the content of total alkaloids in M. delavayi from different producing areas. METHODS:With the con-tent of total alkaloids as index,using solvent amount,ultrasonic time,ultrasonic extraction times and pH value of buffer as fac-tors,the content determination conditions of total alkaloids from Zhuang medicine M. delavayi were optimized by orthogonal test. Optimized content determination conditions were adopted to determine the content of total alkaloids in M. delavayi from 18 produc-ing areas in different harvest time. RESULTS:The optimum content determination conditions were as follows as the amount of sol-vent(CHCl3)20 ml,ultrasonic processing for 3 times,lasting for 15 min each time,pH value of buffer 4.5. The contents of total alkaloids in M. delavayi from 18 producing areas were between 0.6-11.98 mg/g,showing great difference. M. delavayi from Long-lin county and Tianlin county harvested in Oct. had the lowest content of total alkaloids. CONCLUSIONS:Optimized content deter-mination condition can be used for the content determination of total alkaloids in Zhuang medicine M. delavayi and quality control of it. The content determination of total alkaloids in M. delavayi is related to producing area and harvest time.