Objective:To summarize the clinical features, electroencephalogram (EEG) and magnetoencephalogram (MEG) of patients with pure paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia (PKD) and PKD with epilepsy, so as to better distinguish them and guide the treatments.Methods:The clinical data of 200 patients diagnosed with PKD in the Outpatient Department of Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University from 2000 to 2023 were analyzed retrospectively. The patients were divided into 2 groups: pure PKD (174 cases) and PKD with epilepsy (26 cases) according to whether accompanied by epilepsy. The differences in clinical features, drug therapy, EEG and MEG were compared between the 2 groups.Results:The clinical features of the 2 groups were essentially similar, and the proportion of PKD dyskinesia induced by emotional stress in the pure PKD group (54/174, 31.03%) was higher than that in the PKD with epilepsy group (2/26, 7.69%; χ 2=5.010, P=0.025). In terms of pharmacological response, carbamazepine was the most commonly used medication in both groups, but patients with PKD with epilepsy may need a higher therapeutic dosages (0.2-0.4 g/d, and gradually increased to 0.8 g/d) to effectively manage both dyskinesia and seizures. Regarding the EEG and MEG, the proportion of EEG abnormalities was higher in PKD patients with epilepsy, mainly manifested as focal spikes [1/70(1.43%) vs 9/21(42.86%), χ 2=24.268, P<0.001], together with aberrant MEG discharge (4/18 vs 3/5, χ 2=1.155, P=0.282). The MEG dipoles were mainly distributed in the brain regions close to the frontal lobe and central region. Conclusions:The clinical manifestations of motor symptoms of pure PKD and PKD with epilepsy are similar, and carbamazepine remains the most effective treatment. PKD patients with epilepsy have a higher proportion of abnormal EEG, mainly manifested as focal spikes, and are more likely to show abnormal discharge of MEG, which could be used to distinguish them.

Pulmonary blast injury has become the main type of trauma in modern warfare, characterized by externally mild injuries but internally severe injuries, rapid disease progression, and a high rate of early death. The injury is complicated in clinical practice, often with multiple and compound injuries. Currently, there is a lack of effective protective materials, accurate injury detection instrument and portable monitoring and transportation equipment, standardized clinical treatment guidelines in various medical centers, and evidence-based guidelines at home and abroad, resulting in a high mortality in clinlcal practice. Therefore, the Trauma Branch of Chinese Medical Association and the Editorial Committee of Chinese Journal of Trauma organized military and civilian experts in related fields such as thoracic surgery and traumatic surgery to jointly develop the Clinical treatment guideline for pulmonary blast injury ( version 2023) by combining evidence for effectiveness and clinical first-line treatment experience. This guideline provided 16 recommended opinions surrounding definition, characteristics, pre-hospital diagnosis and treatment, and in-hospital treatment of pulmonary blast injury, hoping to provide a basis for the clinical treatment in hospitals at different levels.

Objective:To explore the correlation between metabolic syndrome(MS)and early renal function injury in chronic kidney disease(CKD)in the healthy elderly subjects having passed through a healthy physical examination.Methods:These healthy elderly subjects aged ≥ 60 years in the Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital health management center from September 2017 to August 2018 were randomly selected to collect lifestyle information such as disease history and living habits, as well as health information such as height, weight, waist circumference, blood pressure, fasting blood lipid, blood glucose, creatinine, morning urine routine, urinary protein and urinary occult blood.The detection situation of MS and early renal function injury of chronic kidney disease, and the correlation of MS and its abnormal components with early renal function injury of CKD were analyzed.Results:A total of 2 975 subjects, aged from 60 to 92 years old, with mean age of(67.10±5.98)years old, were enrolled.The detection rate of MS and early renal function impairment in CKD was 32.34%(962/2 975)and 28.84%(858/2 975)respectively.The detection rate of early CKD renal function injury in MS patients was 37.63%(362/962), which was higher than that in non-MS patients(24.64%)(496/2 013)( χ2=53.52, P<0.001). The prevalences of CKD and albumin/creatinine ratio(ACR)in MS patients were significantly higher than those in non-MS patients[31.91%(307/962)versus 17.49%(352/2 013)]with the difference being statistically significant( χ2=78.56, P <0.001). Central obesity, elevated blood pressure and elevated blood glucose increased the risk of CKD( OR=1.44, 1.82 and 1.74 respectively, all P< 0.05). Along with the increase of number of metabolic abnormal components, the risk of CKD increased. Conclusions:MS is a risk factor for early renal function impairment in CKD.Early control and treatment of MS are of great significance in reducing the incidence rate of CKD and delaying CKD progression.

Objective:To explore the damage of panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) to the subbasal nerve plexus (SNP) and its related mechanisms by comparing SNP changes in wide-field mosaic between before and after PRP treatment in diabetic patients.Methods:A randomized controlled study was conducted.Fifty-seven patients (114 eyes) with type 2 diabetes mellitus and binocular diabetic retinopathy (DR) stage IV to receive PRP treatment in Shanxi Eye Hospital from April to November 2019 were enrolled.The subjects were randomly divided into horizontal-vertical laser group and vertical-horizontal laser group according to a random number table.Twenty-nine eyes from 29 patients were assigned to the horizontal-vertical laser group with the photocoagulation sequence of temporal-nasal-inferior-superior.Twenty-eight eyes from 28 patients were assigned to the vertical-horizontal laser group with the photocoagulation sequence of inferior-superior-temporal-nasal.The severer eyes of each subject were chosen as the treatment eye and the contralateral eyes were chosen as the control eye.Corneal confocal laser scanning microscopy (CCM) was performed before PRP treatment, 1 week after each photocoagulation, and 1 month after the completion of PRP treatment to collect images of the SNP over an area of 2-3 mm around the whorl-like pattern.Captured images at each time were merged into one image by using the Photoshop CC 2017 image processing software, and then the nerve fiber length (NFL) of whorl-like pattern was measured by Neuron J image analysis software.McGill pain questionnaire was used to investigate the pain of patients after each photocoagulation.The NFL changes of SNP at different time points were compared between different eyes and different photocoagulation sequence groups.The study protocol adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by an Ethics Committee of Shanxi Eye Hospital (No.201804b). Written informed consent was obtained from each patient prior to entering the study cohort.Results:After PRP treatment, there were different degrees of neural structure loss of SNP nerve fibers in 11 treatment eyes, but there was no significant change in SNP nerve fibers in the control eyes.There were significant differences in NFL between the treatment eyes and the control eyes at various time points ( Feyes=2.020, P=0.039; Ftime=4.062, P=0.001). In the horizontal-vertical laser group, different degrees of neural structure loss on the photocoagulation side were found in SNP nerve fibers after the first and second photocoagulation.In the vertical-horizontal laser group, different degrees of neural structure loss on the photocoagulation side were found in SNP nerve fibers after the third and fourth photocoagulation.There was no significant difference in NFL of treatment eyes between the two groups ( Fgroup=0.099, P=0.754), but there was a significant difference in NFL at various time points before and after treatment ( Ftime=5.231, P<0.001). There were 9 (9/57) patients who complained of pain after PRP, which occurred at the first time of photocoagulation in 7 of them. Conclusions:SNP damage may occur after PRP in patients with DR, and SNP is prone to be damaged on the photocoagulation side when performing horizontal photocoagulation.

Objective:To estimate the correlation between DR and diabetic corneal nerve damage by comparing changes of corneal sub-basal nerve plexus (SNP) in the whorl-like region in different DR stages.Methods:In this cross-sectional study, 66 eyes of 66 type 2 diabetes patients aged 50-65 years old in Shanxi Eye Hospital from September 2018 to January 2019 were included.The subjects were divided into non-diabetic retinopathy group (NDR), non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy group (NPDR) and proliferative diabetic retinopathy group (PDR) accordingly, the right eyes were enrolled.20 eyes of 20 age and gender matched age-related cataract patients were also included as control group.All the subjects underwent confocal corneal microscopy to observe the morphology of SNP in the whorl-like region and measure the nerve fiber length (NFL) in this area.Covariance analysis using disease course as the covariate was used to analyze the differences of NFL value among groups, and Spearman rank correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between NFL value and DR stages.The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Shanxi Eye Hospital.Written informed consent was obtained from each patient prior to entering the study cohort.Results:The whorl-like region were observed in all the eyes.In the control group, nerve fibers were uniform in thickness, densely distributed with regular course, and most of the tested eyes had intact whorl-like structure.Nerve fibers in different DR groups all showed generally decrease in diameter and density, with increase in tortuosity, accompanied by different degrees of whorl-like structure loss.Eyes in the NDR group and NPDR group mainly showed nerve structure loss in the whorl-like center; while some eyes in the PDR group also showed nerve structure loss in the inferior and temporal of the whorl-like region.The NFL values were (21.08±4.74), (16.47±6.35), (14.95±3.90), and (11.61±3.24)mm/mm 2 in the control group, the NDR group, the NPDR group, and the PDR group, respectively, the overall difference was statistically significant ( F=10.541, P<0.001). The NFL value in the control group was significantly higher than those in the different DR groups, the differences were statistically significant (all at P<0.01). Spearman rank correlation analysis showed that there was a significant negative correlation between NFL value and DR stages ( rs=-0.356, P=0.003). Conclusions:Diabetic SNP damage occurs earlier than DR, and progress gradually with the development of DR; Different stages of DR are accompanied by different degrees of nerve structure loss; The structure loss begins at the whorl-like center and gradually develops to downward and the temporal side.The ophthalmologists should take the condition of ocular surface into account when treating ocular fundus diseases of diabetic patients.

Objective To investigate the diagnosis and treatment status of neonatal respiratory dis-tress syndrome (NRDS) in Inner Mongolia and explore the problems and countermeasures for NRDS diagno-sis and treatment. Methods Data of infants with NRDS in 4 hospitals(3 hospitals were in the west,which were the Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University,Baotou Steel Three Hospital and Ordos Central Hospital,1 hospital was in the east,which was the Affiliated Hospital of Chifeng Institute) participat-ing in the study during the period from 1th January,2016 to 30th June,2018 were investigated retrospectively with descriptive epidemiological survey,including basic situation,perinatal period, clinical manifestations, treatment,complications and prognosis. Results Among 11406 newborns admitted in 4 hospitals during the study period,748 infants were diagnosed with NRDS,accounting for 6. 56％ . In the eastern region,279 infants were diagnosed with NRDS,the rate was 9. 30％ ,and in the western region were 469(5. 58％ ). The average hospitalization time in the eastern region was longer than that in the western region,and the age of motherswas higher than that in the western region. There were significant differences between the two groups(P <0. 05). The antenatal hormone use,cesarean delivery,multiple gestation,low Apgar score,premature rupture of membrane in the western region were higher than those in the eastern region(P < 0. 05). The proportion of NRDS grade Ⅰ and gradeⅢ,pulmonary surfactant(PS) utilization ratio and INSURE technology usage in the eastern region were higher than those in the western region. The ratio of NRDS(grade Ⅱ) and the first dose of PS in the western region were higher than those in the eastern region(P < 0. 05). The total mortality of neonates with NRDS was 6. 15％ (46 / 748). The incidence rates of patent ductus arteriosus,bronchopulmo-nary dysplasia,necrotizing enterocolitis,ventilator-associated pneumonia in the western region were higher than those in the eastern region(P < 0. 05). Conclusion The level of diagnosis and treatment of NRDS in four hospitals in two districts of Inner Mongolia varies widely. But overall compared with other areas,the treatment of NRDS in Inner Mongolia has the problems of low antenatal hormone use,insufficient use of PS and INSURE technology,and late use of PS. The treatment of NRDS should continue to standardize antenatal hormone use,early and sufficient use of PS,the promotion of the use of INSURE technology.

Objective: To examine the surgical method and clinical outcome of primary repair of chronic Achilles tendon rupture. Methods: From March 2012 to August 2017, clinical data of 35 consecutive patients with chronic Achilles tendon rupture who were treated with primary repair by the same group of doctors at Department of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital were retrospectively analyzed.There were 29 males and 6 females with age of (41.0±9.3)years(range:29-65 years). All the patients had unilateral tendon rupture with 22 cases on the left and 13 cases on the right. The preoperative and postoperative Visual Analogue Scale(VAS), American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society Ankle-Hindfoot Score(AOFAS), the Victorian Institute of Sport Assessment-Achilles(VISA-A), the Achilles tendon Total Rupture Score(ATRS) and the Tegner Activity Score of patients were collected and compared by paired-t test. Results: The patients were followed up for (45.6±17.2) months (range:17-28 months).No serious postoperative complications such as infection or nerve damage and rerupture outcomes were reported. At the last follow-up,the VAS decreased from 1.0(2.0) (M(Q_R) preoperative to 0.0(0.8)(Z=-3.586, P=0.00), AOFAS increased from 64.3±12.5 to 97.0±5.0(t=-14.359, P=0.00), VISA-A increased from 51.3±9.8 to 87.8±18.0(t=-17.656, P=0.00), Tegner increased from 0.9±0.3 to 4.6±1.7(t=-12.524, P=0.00) and ATRS increased from 40.0±3.5 to 97.9±3.9(t=-64.133, P=0.00). Twenty-eight patients (80.0%) had returned to their preinjury activity levels, and 7 patients (20.0%) no longer participate in recreational sports. According to Arner-Lindholm curative effect evaluation criteria, 32 cases(91.4%) gained the excellent results, 1 case (2.9%) of good and 2 cases(5.7%) bad, and the percentage of the cases with the excellent or good results was 94.3%.All except 2 patients with bad results could perform a single-limb heel rise painlessly. Conclusions Primary repair is an efficient approach for chronic Achilles tendon rupture.The mid-and-long curative effect is satisfactory and stable. Compared with other surgical techniques, operation is relatively simple and economical.The primary repair is considerably safe, with few serious complications such as infection or nerve damage and reruptures.

Objective To examine the surgical method and clinical outcome of primary repair of chronic Achilles tendon rupture. Methods From March 2012 to August 2017, clinical data of 35 consecutive patients with chronic Achilles tendon rupture who were treated with primary repair by the same group of doctors at Department of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital were retrospectively analyzed.There were 29 males and 6 females with age of (41.0±9.3)years(range:29-65 years). All the patients had unilateral tendon rupture with 22 cases on the left and 13 cases on the right. The preoperative and postoperative Visual Analogue Scale(VAS), American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society Ankle?Hindfoot Score(AOFAS), the Victorian Institute of Sport Assessment?Achilles(VISA?A), the Achilles tendon Total Rupture Score(ATRS) and the Tegner Activity Score of patients were collected and compared by paired?t test.Results The patients were followed up for (45.6±17.2)months(range:17-28 months).No serious postoperative complications such as infection or nerve damage and rerupture outcomes were reported. At the last follow?up, the VAS decreased from 1.0(2.0) (M(QR) preoperative to 0.0(0.8) (Z=-3.586, P=0.00), AOFAS increased from 64.3±12.5 to 97.0±5.0(t=-14.359, P=0.00), VISA?A increased from 51.3±9.8 to 87.8±18.0(t=-17.656,P=0.00), Tegner increased from 0.9±0.3 to 4.6±1.7(t=-12.524,P=0.00) and ATRS increased from 40.0 ± 3.5 to 97.9 ± 3.9(t=-64.133, P=0.00). Twenty?eight patients (80.0%) had returned to their preinjury activity levels, and 7 patients (20.0%) no longer participate in recreational sports. According to Arner?Lindholm curative effect evaluation criteria, 32 cases(91.4%) gained the excellent results, 1 case (2.9%) of good and 2 cases(5.7%) bad, and the percentage of the cases with the excellent or good results was 94.3%.All except 2 patients with bad results could perform a single?limb heel rise painlessly.Conclusions Primary repair is an efficient approach for chronic Achilles tendon rupture.The mid?and?long curative effect is satisfactory and stable. Compared with other surgical techniques, operation is relatively simple and economical.The primary repair is considerably safe, with few serious complications such as infection or nerve damage and reruptures.

Objective To examine the surgical method and clinical outcome of primary repair of chronic Achilles tendon rupture. Methods From March 2012 to August 2017, clinical data of 35 consecutive patients with chronic Achilles tendon rupture who were treated with primary repair by the same group of doctors at Department of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital were retrospectively analyzed.There were 29 males and 6 females with age of (41.0±9.3)years(range:29-65 years). All the patients had unilateral tendon rupture with 22 cases on the left and 13 cases on the right. The preoperative and postoperative Visual Analogue Scale(VAS), American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society Ankle?Hindfoot Score(AOFAS), the Victorian Institute of Sport Assessment?Achilles(VISA?A), the Achilles tendon Total Rupture Score(ATRS) and the Tegner Activity Score of patients were collected and compared by paired?t test.Results The patients were followed up for (45.6±17.2)months(range:17-28 months).No serious postoperative complications such as infection or nerve damage and rerupture outcomes were reported. At the last follow?up, the VAS decreased from 1.0(2.0) (M(QR) preoperative to 0.0(0.8) (Z=-3.586, P=0.00), AOFAS increased from 64.3±12.5 to 97.0±5.0(t=-14.359, P=0.00), VISA?A increased from 51.3±9.8 to 87.8±18.0(t=-17.656,P=0.00), Tegner increased from 0.9±0.3 to 4.6±1.7(t=-12.524,P=0.00) and ATRS increased from 40.0 ± 3.5 to 97.9 ± 3.9(t=-64.133, P=0.00). Twenty?eight patients (80.0%) had returned to their preinjury activity levels, and 7 patients (20.0%) no longer participate in recreational sports. According to Arner?Lindholm curative effect evaluation criteria, 32 cases(91.4%) gained the excellent results, 1 case (2.9%) of good and 2 cases(5.7%) bad, and the percentage of the cases with the excellent or good results was 94.3%.All except 2 patients with bad results could perform a single?limb heel rise painlessly.Conclusions Primary repair is an efficient approach for chronic Achilles tendon rupture.The mid?and?long curative effect is satisfactory and stable. Compared with other surgical techniques, operation is relatively simple and economical.The primary repair is considerably safe, with few serious complications such as infection or nerve damage and reruptures.

Objective: To investigate the aeroallergen spectrum in allergic rhinitis in Xinjiang area and analyze its relating factors. Methods: Skin prick test was carried out in 480 cases with allergic rhinitis using 20 inhaled allergens. The major change in recent years with allergic rhinitis and allergen distribution was compared.SPSS 17.0 software was used to analyze the data. Results: Among 480 cases, 406 showed positive reaction. The most common allergens found in patients were chenopodium (61.6%) and mugwort (44.1%), followed by willow(37.7%), maple(37.7%), poplar(30.3%), house dust mite(30.3%), plantain(29.8%), acacia(25.9%), dust mite maple(25.4%), and so on. The rate of positive reaction to only one allergen was 9.6%, of which 21 were mite allergens. The positiverate to allergensin male and female were 84.2% and 85.1%, the distribution of allergens in both sexes did not differ(χ²=0.001, P=0.978). The positiverate to allergens in patients aged 21 to 35 years old was 88.6%, in patients aged 36 to 54 years old was 78.4%, the difference was statistically significant(χ²=0.258, P<0.01). The positive rate to allergens in Kazakhs was slightly higher than that in other ethnic groups (91.7%). The positive rates to allergens in the Han, Uygur and other ethnic groups were 84.8%, 86.4% and 63.3% respectively, the difference was statistically significant(χ²=9.779, P=0.044). Seventy-five point four percent of all allergen-positive patients(306 cases) combined with asthma. Conclusions The major allergen with allergic rhinitis is chenopodium. Among them, Kazakh allergic positive rate is higher than other ethnic groups.