Purpose: Body image changes are common among patients living with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) because of the illness and related treatments. Currently, there is little known about how those patients experience and perceive their altered body image in the literature. The aim of this study was to explore the experiences of body image changes in patients with IBD in China and to describe how those changes influence patients’ perception of body and self. Methods: This study used a descriptive qualitative approach. A total of 16 participants from three tertiary hospitals in southeast China were recruited through purposive sampling combined with maximum variation strategy. Data were collected through semistructured interviews and analyzed using conventional content analysis method. Results: The following six themes were extracted: (1) “being a constrained person,” (2) “being a flawed person,” (3) “being a disliked person,” (4) “being an alienated person,” (5) “being a reconciled person,” and (6) “being a blessed person.” Conclusion With the diagnosis of IBD and its side effects of treatments, patients’ life changed significantly and they were struggling to reinterpret their body and self. As a result, negative self-evaluations and/ or positive self-evaluations towards themselves generated. Further studies are required to explore the underlying mechanism and related influencing factors about how those different images were produced.

Purpose: Body image changes are common among patients living with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) because of the illness and related treatments. Currently, there is little known about how those patients experience and perceive their altered body image in the literature. The aim of this study was to explore the experiences of body image changes in patients with IBD in China and to describe how those changes influence patients’ perception of body and self. Methods: This study used a descriptive qualitative approach. A total of 16 participants from three tertiary hospitals in southeast China were recruited through purposive sampling combined with maximum variation strategy. Data were collected through semistructured interviews and analyzed using conventional content analysis method. Results: The following six themes were extracted: (1) “being a constrained person,” (2) “being a flawed person,” (3) “being a disliked person,” (4) “being an alienated person,” (5) “being a reconciled person,” and (6) “being a blessed person.” Conclusion With the diagnosis of IBD and its side effects of treatments, patients’ life changed significantly and they were struggling to reinterpret their body and self. As a result, negative self-evaluations and/ or positive self-evaluations towards themselves generated. Further studies are required to explore the underlying mechanism and related influencing factors about how those different images were produced.

Objective To explore the influencing factors of career planning for nurses aged 30 to 40 years old. Methods Based on descriptive qualitative study, purposive sampling and the maximum variation strategy were used, nurses aged 30 to 40 years old who work at hospitals in Zhejiang province were selected as participants. Face-to-face semi-structured interviews were conducted focusing on influencing factors of career planning and field notes were written. Traditional content analysis was used for analyzing the data, and themes were extracted. The sample size was based on the criteria of saturation. Results A total of 12 participants were included. After analysis, the main influencing factors of career planning were identified: self- perception (such as their own personality, interests and expertise, professional ability, physical condition), knowledge of nursing work (including the cognition of nursing specialty and the nature of nurses' work), career development space (such as career development platform, career development path, career development bottleneck, learning and promotion opportunities), family factors (including family support and family outlook), hospital culture(including interpersonal relationships, leadership support, management style), career planning knowledge(including knowledge of career planning and guidance on career planning in work). Conclusions There are many factors influence career planning. Relevant departments and nursing managers should assist these nurses in making reasonable career planning according to their situation.

Objective? To synthesize the qualitative studies on the illness experience in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and to provide a reference for developing targeted intervention measures. Methods? Related qualitative studies included since the databases were established to December 2018 were retrieved from PubMed, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, EBSCO, China Biology Medicine disc, CNKI, VIP database and Wanfang databases. The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI)'s Qualitative Study Assessment Model (2016) was used to assess the quality of these literatures. The results were synthesized by convergence. Results? Totally 19 studies were included and 94 complete research results were extracted. Finally, there were 2 synthesis results: 1. The disease caused physical discomfort and disfigurement to the patient, and imposed various restrictions on their daily life, work and study, causing a series of negative emotions; 2. In order to cope with various changes brought about by the disease, the patient adjusted the mentality, actively took a series of coping strategies, learned to live with the disease for a long time, reshaped the new lifestyle, and got a positive experience. Conclusions? IBD can bring various effects and limitations to patients. Many patients will adopt various coping strategies to reduce the impact of this disease and strive to live with the disease. It is recommended that medical staff give patients the necessary guidance and help to promote their normal reconstruction.

Descriptive qualitative research is one of the qualitative research approaches rarely reported in nursing field in China, but it has been used by some nursing personnel in recent years. During the process of promoting this method, some pitfalls regarding the methodology and research process also appeared. This paper analyzed two major issuesabove. Based on that, some suggestions and availableexamples were offered and basic knowledge and characteristics of descriptive qualitative research were introduced, so as to improve its understanding for nursing personnel and promote its application in nursing in China.

BACKGROUND: Several latest guidelines and consensus statements from Europe and the United States specify that there is no need for fasting prior to routine lipid tests. However, the latest Chinese guidelines still recommend fasting tests owing to a lack of local evidence. This study aimed to investigate postprandial lipid concentrations and daytime biological variation of lipids in a healthy Chinese population. METHODS: Venous blood samples were collected from 41 ostensibly healthy Chinese volunteers at five time points during the day (06:30, 09:00, 12:00, 15:00, and 18:30). The same batch of reagents was used to determine lipid concentrations. A nested ANOVA was performed to calculate within-subject biological variation (CVI) and between-subject biological variation (CVG). RESULTS: Postprandial concentrations of triglyceride were higher than fasting concentrations, with the maximum change occurring at 12:00 (0.5 hours after lunch, 0.21±0.65 mmol/L difference). The daytime biological variation of triglycerides was relatively high (CVI=25%, CVG=35.9%). The postprandial concentrations of total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, apolipoprotein A1, and apolipoprotein B were mostly lower than the fasting concentrations, and their daytime biological variations were relatively low (CVI=2.4–4.4%, CVG=11.8–18.7%). CONCLUSIONS: As most daytime lipid concentrations changed only slightly, non-fasting samples could be used for routine lipid tests. However, in cases of abnormal postprandial triglyceride concentrations, dietary factors and fasting time should be considered when interpreting the results.
Apolipoprotein A-I ; Apolipoproteins ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group* ; Cholesterol ; Consensus ; Europe ; Fasting ; Humans ; Indicators and Reagents ; Lipoproteins ; Lunch ; Triglycerides ; United States ; Volunteers

Objective To analyze the major issues existing in grounded theory literature in nursing in China so as to improve nursing personnel's understanding of grounded theory and promote its application in nursing research. Methods Grounded theory literature in nursing were retrieved from Wangfang, CNKI and VIP Databases from January 2000 to April 2016. Articles which using grounded theory as a research method were included. Two researchers analyzed the main issues of these articles, explained misunderstanding and inappropriate research practice in depth based on grounded theory evaluation criteria, personal experiences and relevant knowledge, and some suggestions were offered accordingly. Results Twenty articles were included. The major pitfalls of these articles were methodology (11 articles, accounting for 55.0%), sampling (14 articles, accounting for 70.0%) and saturation (9 articles, accounting for 45.0%), data analysis (9 articles, accounting for 45.0%) and conceptualization (9 articles, accounting for 45.0%). Conclusions Although grounded theory has been used in many fields in nursing in China, it is still in the initial stage, and some misunderstanding appeared. It is necessary to strengthen the learning of grounded theory knowledge and practical exploration, increase the learning paths in future so as to improve the research quality and promote the development of nursing research.

Objective To explore the experiences of patients with ulcerative colitis.Methods A descriptive qualitative research approach was adopted.Purposive sampling was used and semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 patients with ulcerative colitis.The data were analyzed using content analysis method.Results Three themes were derived:adjusting diet,taking the toilet as the centre,and keeping secret,which reflected patients′coping styles when living with ulcerative colitis.Conclusions Nurses should understand the complicated experiences of patients with ulcerative colitis and offer them effective and individualized support.

Objective To investigate the current cognition status of nursing staff on qualitative research, so as to provide information for related training courses. Methods A self-designed questionnaire was used to survey 111 members who attended the nursing qualitative research training course in Zhejiang Province in 2014. Results Among 100 respondents,60% knew little about qualitative research, only 15% respondents had done qualitative research before. The main qualitative research methods that respondents had heard of were phenomenology (4%) and descriptive qualitative method(10%). Literatures (51%) was the main way to get knowledge on qualitative research. Conclusions The cognition level of nursing staff on qualitative research needs to be improved urgently by offering more targeted training courses.

[Objective]To investigate the quality of life of patients with inflammatory bowel diseases and to analyze the factors affecting the quality of life so as to provide clinicians information on effective intervention measures. [Methods] Using SF-36 questionnaire, the quality of life of 92 patients with inflam-matory bowel diseases was surveyed and a comparison was made with general population. The affecting factors on quality of life were explored using multi-ple stepwise regression analysis. [Results]The SF-36 total scores in patients with inflammatory bowel disease ranged from 51.10 to 136.40. The scores on five dimensions of role physical, bodily pain, general health, social function, role emotional were significantly lower than the general population( P<0.01). Regression analysis showed that the factors affecting quality of life were mainly disease activity index, self evaluation on disease, age, working(studying) condition and economic situation. [Conclusions]Quality of life in patients with inflammatory bowel disease is lower than the general population. Control-ling disease activity index and strengthening comprehensive interventions can improve quality of life of the patients.