Objective:To analyze the trends of overweight and obesity prevalence in Chinese children, aged from 6 to 15 years old among 4 provinces and cities from 2009 to 2019.Methods:Reviewed the national multi-center epidemiological survey data of children from the National Key Technology R&D Program of China during the Eleventh Five-Year Plan (2009 to 2010) and the National Key Research and Development Program of China during the Thirteenth Five-Year Plan (2017 to 2019). The participants′ data were selected from four provinces,municipalities and autonomous region,including Beijing, Tianjin (Northern region), Zhejiang (Eastern region), and Guangxi (Southern region). Totally 14 597 pairs of 6-15 year-old children were surveyed. According to the body mass index (BMI) and standard deviation score (SDS) of children among different genders, ages, and regions, t test or chi-square test was used to evaluate the changes in overweight and obesity over a 10-year span. Results:Totally 7 721 pairs of boys and 6 876 pairs of girls were collectted in this study, whose mean age was (10.7±2.5) years. In the past 10 years, the overall BMISDS were 0.39±1.24 and 0.36±1.31 and the overall obesity rate were 11.8% ( n=1 773) anel 12.5% ( n=1 813) of children in the 4 administrative regions did not have statistically significant differences (all P>0.05). However, the overall overweight rate rose from 17.1% ( n=2 496) to 19.1% ( n=2 781) (χ2=18.657, P<0.01), and the average annual growth rate was 0.20%. The BMISDS in the Eastern region increased from 0.10±1.07 to 0.19±1.22 ( t=-4.095, P<0.01), and the overweight rate and obesity rate increased by 3.8% ( n=202) and 3.1% ( n=169) respectively (both P<0.01); the BMISDS in the Northern region and the obesity rate did not have statistically significant differences(all P>0.05), but the overweight rate rose from 20.5% ( n=1 233) to 22.8% ( n=1 365) significantly (χ2=7.431, P<0.01); BMISDS in the Southern region was significantly decreased from 0.30±1.19 to 0.09±1.25 ( t=1.426, P<0.01), and the rate of obesity decreased from 9.8% ( n=315) to7.9% ( n=256) (χ2=6.46, P<0.05), the overweight rate was not stafistically significant ( P=0.10), respectively. The obesity rate of boys had risen from 16.4% ( n=1 265) to 18.2% (1 407) (χ2=8.997, P<0.01) in the past 10 years, and the overweight rate had risen from 18.0% ( n=1 393) to 20.5% ( n=1 579) (χ2=14.26, P<0.01). The overweight+obesity rate rose from 34.4% ( n=2 658) to 38.7% ( n=2 986) (χ2=29.859, P<0.01), and the weight problem in the age group of 8 to 11 years was particularly severe (all P<0.01). The obesity rate of girls dropped from 6.8% ( n=468) to 5.9% ( n=406) (χ2=4.546, P<0.05), the overweight rate rose from 16.0% ( n=1 103) to 17.5% ( n=1 202) (χ2=5.006, P<0.05), and the overall overweight+obesity rate rose from 22.8% ( n=1 571) to 23.4% ( n=1 608) (χ2=0.53, P>0.05). Conclusions:The growth rate of obesity among children in China had slowed down from 2009 to 2019, but the overweight rate was still on the rise. The overall base of overweight and obesity population continued to expand. The weight problem of peri-adolescent boys was particularly prominent. The current status of obesity epidemics in different regions, ages, and genders are significantly different and had their own characteristics. It is necessary to establish a personalized prevention and control strategy.

Objective:To investigate the status of height and weight of 3-18-year-old children and adolescents in urban China, and to provide a basis for establishing puberty phase specific curves for age-specific height and age-specific weight.Methods:A cross-sectional survey of 218 185 children and adolescents aged 3-18 years in urban China was conducted by using the method of stratified random cluster sampling from January 2017 to December 2019. The sampling areas included 12 provinces municipalities in China and autonomous regions in total. Data were collected on weight, height, waist circumference, hip circumference and secondary sexual characteristics. The generalized additive model for location, scale, and shape (GAMLSS) was employed to establish percentile reference values and growth curves of height and weight for boys and girls aged 3-18 years. Wilcoxon rank sum test was applied to compare the P 50 value of height and weight between children of each Tanner stage and children of the same age ignoring the different puberty phase. Results:The 3rd, 50th, and 97th percentile curves for height and weight for age were developed for boys and girls aged 3-18 years. The 3rd, 50th, and 97th percentile curves for age-specific height and age-specific weight for each puberty phase were developed for boys and girls. Compared with all children ignoring the different puberty phase, boys aged 9 and over and girls aged 7 and over who are at Tanner stage 1 showed shorter height and lighter weight than those of the same age group (all P<0.01), the difference ranges of height at P 50 are -4.0 to -0.6 cm for boys, and -4.4 to 0.5 cm for girls; the difference ranges of weight are -4.8 to 0.4 kg for boys, and -4.0 to -0.3 kg for girls; children at Tanner stage 2 & 3 initially were taller and heavier than those of the same age group; and later grew shorter and lighter than those of the same age group, the two sets of curves cross over; boys aged 16 and under and girl aged under 14 who are at Tanner stage 4 were taller and heavier than those of the same age group (all P<0.01), the difference ranges of height at P 50 are 0.2 to 10.0 cm for boys, and 0.2 to 9.4 cm for girls; the difference ranges of weight at P 50 are 0.7 to 10.9 kg for boys, and 1.0 to 11.2 kg for girls, and the differences showed narrowing trend with age. Conclusion:The puberty phase specific growth curves of age-specific height and age-specific weight for boys and girls aged 3-18 years are established, it is useful for clinical work to evaluate physical development of children at different puberty phases.

Objective:To explore the effects of glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) inhibitors on the proliferation and apoptosis of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) K562 cells induced by imatinib.Methods:K562 cells were treated with 1 μmol/L imatinib combined with GSK3 inhibitor lithium chloride with different concentrations of 1.0, 2.0, 4.0 mmol/L, SB216763 with different concentrations of 0.5, 1.0, 5.0 μmol/L andTWS119 with different concentrations of 0.5, 1.0, 5.0 μmol/L, and then 1μmol/L imatinib was used as the control group. The proliferation activity of K562 cells was determined by using CCK8 assay. Flow cytometry was used to detect the cell apoptosis. The level changes of Wnt-β-catenin pathway related-protein were analyzed by using Western blot.Results:There were statistically significant differences of K562 cell survival rate between 1 μmol/L imatinib combined with different concentrations of SB216763, lithium chloride, TWS1193 groups and the control groups (all P < 0.01). The cell survival rate of 1 μmol/L imatinib + 1.0 μmol/L SB216763 group, 1 μmol/L imatinib + 5.0 μmol/L SB216763 group was (73.6±3.0)%, (77.0±3.6)%, which was higher than that of the control group [(68.0±2.8)%], and the difference was statistically significant (both P < 0.05). The cell survival rate of 1 μmol/L imatinib + 0.5 μmol/L SB216763 group was (70.0±2.2)%, and there was no statistical difference between 1 μmol/L imatinib + 0.5 μmol/L SB216763 group and the control group ( P > 0.05). The cell survival rate of 1 μmol/L imatinib + 2.0 mmol/L lithium chloride group and 1μmol/L imatinib + 4.0 mmol/L lithium chloride group was (75.5±3.6)%, (83.4±3.9)%, which was higher than that of the control group [(69.5±2.1)%], and the difference was statistically significant (both P < 0.05); there was no statistical difference in the cell survival rate of 1 μmol/L imatinib + 1.0 mmol/L lithium chloride group [(72.3±6.0)%] and the control group ( P > 0.05). The cell survival rate of 1 μmol/L imatinib combined with 0.5, 1.0, 5.0 μmol/L TWS119 was (70.0±1.1)%, (72.1±0.8)%, (73.8±0.7)%, respectively, which was higher than that of the control group [(67.9±7.5)%] (all P < 0.01). The cell apoptosis rate of 1 μmol/L imatinib + 5.0 μmol/L SB216763, 1 μmol/L imatinib + 4.0 mmol/L lithium chloride, 1 μmol/L imatinib + 5.0 μmol/L TWS119 was (18.16±3.59)%, (20.11±2.98)%, (16.27±2.36)%, respectively, which was lower than that of the control group [(28.26±2.20)%], and the difference was statistically significant (all P < 0.05). Compared with the imatinib group alone, there was no statistical difference in the protein expression levels of t-GSK3β, t-GSK3α of K562 cells treated with imatinib combined with GSK3 inhibitors, while the protein expression levels of p-GSK3β, p-GSK3α, β-catenin were increased. Conclusion:GSK3 inhibitors could reduce the effect of imatinib on the proliferation and apoptosis of CML K562 cells through regulating the related-protein level of Wnt-β-catenin pathway.

Epidemiology is one of main courses for undergraduate students majoring in preventive medicine.There are some limitations in the traditional epidemiology teaching,which is usually characterized in indoctrinated education:"lectured by the teachers and listened by the students." In Zhejiang University,staff of the epidemiology division tried to explore a new teaching mode as ‘student-centered,teacher-leading,question-based,and combining with literature discussion and course practice.'After practicing for two years,students were inspired in learning initiatives,with teaching effectiveness obviously improved.

Objective To investigate the predictive value of plasma gelsolin in the prognosis of patients with ST-sgement elevation myocardial infarction ( STEMI ) and undergone primary percutaneous coronary intervention ( PCI ) .Methods The study included 206 patients with STEMI and undergone primary PCI, 148 patients with stable angina pectoris and received elective PCI and 80 healthy volunteer as the health population (NP) control.Blood samples were taken at admission on day 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9 to determine the plasma gelsolin level .Patients′baseline clinical characteristics , blood biochemistry tests results , details of operation and their cardiovascular risk factors were recorded .Major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) within one year were recorded.Results (1) Compared to the stable angina group and the NP group, the level of plasma gelsolin of STEMI patients were obviously decreased at various time points ( all P<0.05 ) .There were no statistical differences between the stable angina group and the NP group .( 2 ) Patients with STEMI were catagorized into MACE group (n=78) and non-MACE group (n=128) according their follow up record in 1 year.The level of plasma gelsolin in patients with MACE were lower than the non-MACE group ( P <0.05 ) with the minimum value detected on day 7.Among patients complicated with MACE (n=78), they were further devided into the deceased group (n=18) and the survival group (n=60).Plasma gelsolin levels were lower in the deceased group with satistical differences found on day 5, 7 and 9.(3) Single factor Logistic regression analysis showed that the level of plasma gelsolin on day 7 was independent risk factor of MACE within one year ( P =0.014 ) .( 4 ) Setting the cutoff value of plasma gelsolin on day 7 as 21.7 mg/L,the sensitivity and speciticity for the MACE in STEMI patients treated with primary PCI within one year were 82.1%and 81.4%respectively , with the area under the receiver operator characteristic curve ( ROC ) was 0.854 ( 95% confidence interval 0.732 -0.961 , P <0.01 ) . Conclusions Plasma gelsolin levels are correlated with the severity of STEMI lesions and plasma gelsolin can be used as predicting factor of prognosis .

Objective To explore the experiences of patients with ulcerative colitis.Methods A descriptive qualitative research approach was adopted.Purposive sampling was used and semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 patients with ulcerative colitis.The data were analyzed using content analysis method.Results Three themes were derived:adjusting diet,taking the toilet as the centre,and keeping secret,which reflected patients′coping styles when living with ulcerative colitis.Conclusions Nurses should understand the complicated experiences of patients with ulcerative colitis and offer them effective and individualized support.

Objective To explore the correlation of urinary cysteinyl leukotriene F4 (CysLTE4) and diagnosis of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in premature infants.Method One hundred and fifty-eight newborn infants were consecutively admitted to the neonatal intensive care units of First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from November 2014 to October 2015.The infants were divided into 3 groups according to the diagnosis on discharge.Sixty-one term infants were classified as having no pulmonary diseases,52 premature infants were classified as without BPD,and 45 premature infants with BPD were diagnosed at 28 d after birth.Urinary CysLTE4 levels of newborns within 3 days after birth were measured in a blinded way by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and were compared among 3 groups,and were evaluated for the diagnostic value and the correlation of gestational age and birth weight.Statistical analysis was performed using correlation analysis,one-way analysis of variance and x2 test etc.Result In infants with BPD,the mean urinary CysLTE4 level was (191.0 ± 29.3) ng/L which significantly higher than the premature group without BPD ((164.1 ±22.7) ng/L) and term infant group ((151.6 ±41.9) ng/L,F =18.70,P ＜ 0.05).Urinary CysLTE4 level within 3 days of life in newborn inversely correlated with gestational age and birth weight (Pearson =-0.33,-0.38,P ＜ 0.01).The area under the curve was 0.78,95％ CI:0.70-0.86,P ＜0.01,when cutoff was 187.7 ng/L,with Youden index 0.59,sensitivity 77.8％ and specificity 81.4％,respectively.Conclusion Urinary CysLTE4 level is up-regulated in BPD infants within early days of life which may be a useful biomarker of early diagnoses of BPD.

OBJECTIVETo establish cryopreservation system of shoot-tips from Fritillaria anhuiensis.

METHODTaking vitrification as system of cryopreservation, the shoot tips with length 2-3 mm were precultured in MS medium enriched with 0.4 mol x L(-1) sucrose for 3 d. They were treated for 20 min with 60% PVS2 at 25 degrees C, and then subjected to ice-cooled vitrification solution for 60 min and transferred to 2 mL cryotubes with fresh vitrification solution (PVS2) and plunged into liquid nitrogen. After rapid thawing in 40 degrees C water bath for 1 min, shoot-tips were expelled into MS medium containing 1.2 mol x L(-1) sucrose for 20 min. Further recovery and growth took place on regeneration medium in the dark at 25 degrees C for 2 weeks, and then with light/dark cycle of 12/12 h. The genetic integrity of cryopreserved shoot-tips was identified through products of PCR with arbitrary primers.

RESULT AND CONCLUSIONThe highest survival rates of shoot-tips reached 79.9% by vitrification, and the regeneration rates were 52.3%. No changes were found between treated materials and untreated materials in genomic DNA.

Cryopreservation ; methods ; Cryoprotective Agents ; chemistry ; Fritillaria ; genetics ; metabolism ; Genomic Instability ; genetics ; Plant Shoots ; genetics ; metabolism ; Plants, Medicinal ; genetics ; metabolism ; Preservation, Biological ; Survival Analysis ; Vitrification

AIM: To observe the expression of β-catenin in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) at different disease phases, and to analyze the relationship between BCR-ABL and cytogenetic response to imatinib mesylate. METHODS: RT-PCR and Western blotting were used to detect β-catenin mRNA and protein expression in bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMNCs) from 99 patients with CML. The association with BCR-ABL and BCR-ABL fusion was determined by FISH in 94 patients after one year treatment with imatinib mesylate, and the relationship between β-catenin and cytogenetic response to imatinib mesylate was analyzed. RESULTS: The expression of β-catenin was increased significantly in patients with blast crisis and accelerated phase (P<0.01), while the expression of β-catenin between normal person and chronic phase of CML patients was not statistically different (P>0.05). No significant relation between β-catenin and BCR-ABL expression (r=0.314, P>0.05) was observed. The expression of β-catenin was increased significantly in the patients who did not reach main cytogenetic remission (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: The patients in progression phases of CML over-express β-catenin. The expression of β-catenin is not significantly related to BCR-ABL expression, but related to the therapeutic response of imatinib. Beta-catenin may be involved in the mechanism of CML progression and could be used as a new therapeutic target.

Objective:To investigate the relationship of-308bp polymorphism in tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFa)gene and+252bp in lymphotoxin-α(LTα)gene with the clinical course and outcome of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma(NHL).Methods:The single base change in TNFα gene and LTα gene was analyzed among 96 Chinese patients with NHL and 72 normal controls by using PCR-restrictive fragment length polymorphism (RFLP).The clinical data were collected and survival analysis was performed.Results:In NHL patients,no statistcally significant association was found between the presence of a given TNF/LT haplotype status and clinical variables such as age,seX,disease stage,and so on.The patients carrying low-risk haplotype achieved a more sensitive response to first-line therapy than that in patients with high-risk haplotype(70.4%v 45.2%:P=0.018).The estimated 1-year progression-free survival rates in the high-risk and low-risk groups were 66.67% and 87.5%,respectively(log-rank test,P=0.0231).Kaplan-Meier method showed that the estimated 2-year and 4-year overall survival rates were 39.95%and 8.32%in patents carrying high-risk haplotypes and 65.13%and 46.52%in patients carrying low-risk haplotypes,respectively(log-rank test,P=0.0012).In multivariate Cox regression models.the TNF/LT haplotype status was found to be a dsk factor for outcome of NHL (P=0.034).Conclusion:There is an association between TNF/LT haplotype status and response to therapy and outcomes of NHL in Canton area,China.Detecting TNF/LT haplotype may be a sensitive method to evaluate the outcome of NHL.