Purpose: To investigate the prevalence of lower urinary tract symptoms/benign prostatic hyperplasia in a Korean population. Materials and Methods: The Korean Prostate & Voiding Health Association provided free prostate-related community health care and conducted surveys in all regions of Korea from 2001 to 2022 with the cooperation of local government public health centers. A total of 72,068 males older than 50 were surveyed and analyzed. History taking, International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), transrectal ultrasonography, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing, uroflowmetry, and urine volume testing were performed. Results: The mean prostate volumes in males in their 50s, 60s, 70s, and 80s or above were 24.7 g, 27.7 g, 31 g, and 33.7 g, respectively. The proportion of males with high PSA greater than 3 ng/mL was 3.8% among males in their 50s, 7.7% among males in their 60s, 13.1% among males in their 70s, and 17.9% among males 80 years of age or older. The mean IPSS total scores in males in their 50s, 60s, 70s, and 80s or above were 10.7, 12.7, 14.5, and 16, respectively. Severe symptoms were reported by 27.3% of males, whereas 51.7% reported moderate symptoms. The mean Qmax in males in their 50s, 60s, 70s, and 80s or above were 20 mL/s, 17.4 mL/s, 15.4 mL/s, and 13.8 mL/s, respectively. Conclusions In this population-based study, mean prostate volume, IPSS, PSA, and Qmax were 30.6±15.1 g, 14.8±8.2, 1.9±4.7 ng/mL, and 15.6±6.5 mL/s, respectively. Aging was significantly associated with increased prostate volume, PSA levels, and IPSS scores, and with decreased Qmax and urine volume.

BACKGROUND: Primary hyperoxaluria (PH), a rare inborn error of glyoxylate meta bolism causing overproduction of oxalate, is classified into three genetic subgroups: type 1–3 (PH1–PH3) caused by AGXT, GRHPR , and HOGA1 gene mutations, respectively. We performed a retrospective case series study of Korean pediatric patients with PH.METHODS: In total, 11 unrelated pediatric patients were recruited and their phenotypes and genotypes were analyzed by a retrospective review of their medical records.RESULTS: Mutational analyses revealed biallelic AGXT mutations (PH1) in nine patients and a single heterozygous GRHPR and HOGA1 mutation in one patient each. The c.33dupC was the most common AGXT mutation with an allelic frequency of 44%. The median age of onset was 3 months (range, 2 months-3 years), and eight patients with PH1 presented with end stage renal disease (ESRD). Patients with two truncating mutations showed an earlier age of onset and more frequent retinal involvement than patients with one truncating mutation. Among eight PH1 patients presenting with ESRD, five patients were treated with intensive dialysis followed by liver transplantation (n=5) with/without subsequent kidney transplantation (n=3).CONCLUSION: Most patients presented with severe infantile forms of PH. Patients with two truncating mutations displayed more severe phenotypes than those of patients with one truncating mutation. Sequential liver and kidney transplantation was adopted for PH1 patients presenting with ESRD. A larger nation-wide multicenter study is needed to confirm the genotype-phenotype correlations and outcomes of organ transplantation.
Age of Onset ; Dialysis ; Genetic Association Studies ; Genotype ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Hyperoxaluria, Primary ; Kidney Failure, Chronic ; Kidney Transplantation ; Liver ; Liver Transplantation ; Medical Records ; Organ Transplantation ; Phenotype ; Retinaldehyde ; Retrospective Studies ; Transplants

PURPOSE: This study aimed to construct and test a hypothetical model of the quality of life of school-age children with asthma based on the health-related quality of life model by Wilson and Cleary. METHODS: Data were collected from 205 pairs of pediatric outpatients diagnosed with asthma and their parents in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do from July 2016 to April 2017. The exogenous variables were asthma knowledge, number of accompanying allergic diseases, and social support. The endogenous variables were asthma self-efficacy, asthma symptom control, perceived health status, parental quality of life, and children's quality of life. For data analysis, descriptive statistics, factor analysis, and structural equation modeling were performed. RESULTS: Eighteen of the twenty-four hypotheses selected for the hypothetical model were attentive and supported statistically. Quality of life was explained by asthma self-efficacy, asthma symptom control, perceived health, parental quality of life, and asthma knowledge with 83.5%. CONCLUSION: Strategies for promoting self-efficacy and enforcing asthma knowledge will be helpful for the improvement of health-related quality of life with school-aged asthmatic children.
Asthma ; Child ; Gyeonggi-do ; Humans ; Outpatients ; Parents ; Quality of Life ; Seoul ; Statistics as Topic

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a neonatal nursing practice program for nursing students on students' stress, self-efficacy, and confidence. METHODS: A 1-group pre- and post- study design was used. The participants consisted of 64 nursing students who were in a pediatric nursing clinical practicum at a nursing college in Seoul from September 2015 to May 2016. The program consisted of 3 stages-orientation, practice, and debriefing-and was conducted for 3 hours during a 2-week period of the pediatric nursing clinical practicum. The dependent variables were neonatal nursing practice stress, self-efficacy, and confidence. Data were analyzed using the paired t-test, the Pearson correlation coefficient, the x² test, and descriptive statistics with SPSS for Windows version 22.0. RESULTS: The neonatal nursing practice program was effective at decreasing clinical practice-related stress and increasing confidence and self-efficacy regarding neonatal nursing practice. CONCLUSION: The neonatal nursing practice program may effectively promote the integration of theoretical knowledge and practice. In the future, we propose to develop various educational programs that reinforce basic nursing skills for neonates as part of an effective pediatric nursing clinical practicum.
Clinical Competence ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Neonatal Nursing* ; Nursing ; Nursing, Practical ; Pediatric Nursing ; Preceptorship ; Self Efficacy ; Seoul ; Stress, Psychological ; Students, Nursing

PURPOSE: This study aimed to construct and test a hypothetical model of the quality of life of school-age children with asthma based on the health-related quality of life model by Wilson and Cleary. METHODS: Data were collected from 205 pairs of pediatric outpatients diagnosed with asthma and their parents in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do from July 2016 to April 2017. The exogenous variables were asthma knowledge, number of accompanying allergic diseases, and social support. The endogenous variables were asthma self-efficacy, asthma symptom control, perceived health status, parental quality of life, and children's quality of life. For data analysis, descriptive statistics, factor analysis, and structural equation modeling were performed. RESULTS: Eighteen of the twenty-four hypotheses selected for the hypothetical model were attentive and supported statistically. Quality of life was explained by asthma self-efficacy, asthma symptom control, perceived health, parental quality of life, and asthma knowledge with 83.5%. CONCLUSION Strategies for promoting self-efficacy and enforcing asthma knowledge will be helpful for the improvement of health-related quality of life with school-aged asthmatic children.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether the polymorphisms of CASP3 gene (rs4647602, intron A/C and rs1049216, UTR C/T) and CASP9 gene (rs1052576, Gln/Arg G/A and rs1052571, Ser/Val T/C) were associated with the development, and clinical severity of ischemic stroke and functional consequences after stroke. METHODS: Genomic DNA from 121 ischemic stroke patients and 201 healthy control subjects were extracted, and polymerase chain reaction products were sequenced. To investigate the association of polymorphisms and the development, and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (K-NIHSS), logistic regression models were analyzed. RESULTS: Polymorphism of the untranslational region of CASP3 (rs1049216, UTR C/T) has been associated with the development of ischemic stroke—in codominant1 model (odds ratio [OR], 0.51; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.29–0.88; p=0.017), in dominant model (OR, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.34–0.97; p=0.034), and in the overdominant model (OR, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.29–0.87; p=0.011). A missense SNP of CASP9 gene (rs1052571, Ser/Val T/C) was associated with the development of ischemic stroke (OR, 1.93; 95% CI, 1.05–3.55; p=0.034 in recessive model). CONCLUSION: These results indicate the possibility that CASP3 and CASP9 genes are markers for the development of ischemic stroke.
Activities of Daily Living ; Brain Infarction ; Caspase 3* ; DNA ; Humans ; Introns ; Logistic Models ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Stroke*

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relationships between tongue pressure and different aspects of the oral-phase swallowing function. METHODS: We included 96 stroke patients with dysphagia, ranging in age from 40 to 88 years (mean, 63.7 years). Measurements of tongue pressure were obtained with the Iowa Oral Performance Instrument, a device with established normative data. Three trials of maximum performance were performed for lip closure pressure (LP), anterior hard palate-to-tongue pressure (AP), and posterior hard palate-to-tongue pressure (PP); buccal-to-tongue pressures on both sides were also recorded (buccal-to-tongue pressure, on the weak side [BW]; buccal-to-tongue pressure, on the healthy side [BH]). The average pressure in each result was compared between the groups. Clinical evaluation of the swallowing function was performed with a videofluoroscopic swallowing study. RESULTS: The average maximum AP and PP values in the intact LC group were significantly higher than those in the inadequate lip closure group (AP, p=0.003; PP, p<0.001). AP and PP showed significant relationships with bolus formation (BF), mastication, premature bolus loss (PBL), tongue to palate contact (TP), and oral transit time (OTT). Furthermore, LP, BW, and BH values were significantly higher in the groups with intact mastication, without PBL and intact TP. CONCLUSION: These findings indicate that the tongue pressure appears to be closely related to the oral-phase swallowing function in post-stroke patients, especially BF, mastication, PBL, TP and OTT.
Deglutition ; Deglutition Disorders* ; Humans ; Iowa ; Lip ; Mastication ; Palate ; Stroke* ; Tongue*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare practice stress and practice satisfaction between clinical practice and simulation-based practice groups. METHODS: A total of 159 nursing students (85 in the simulation group and 74 in the NICU group) participated in the study. Research tools measuring practice stress and practice satisfaction were used. Data was analyzed utilizing a t-test, Mann Whitney U-test, and descriptive statistics. RESULTS: The simulation group showed a lower level of practice stress(practice instruction, practice evaluation, interpersonal relationship) a higher level of practice satisfaction compared with the NICU group. CONCLUSION: Simulation-based practice is an effective learning method for high-risk newborn nursing and can be used as an alternative to clinical practice.
Humans ; Infant, Newborn* ; Learning ; Nursing* ; Patient Simulation ; Personal Satisfaction ; Students, Nursing

PURPOSE: This descriptive research was conducted to identify educational needs in pediatric nursing handoff training to improve students' handoff skills. METHODS: Data were collected using a survey with 188 senior nursing students and 48 pediatric nursing professors and clinical nurses. The survey included items on general information as well as experiences in handoff training, necessity, training content, and items for a handoff training program in pediatric nursing. RESULTS: Of the nursing students, 30.5% reported receiving handoff training during their clinical hours. After their handoff training, the students' confidence index was only 3.78 out of 10. Significantly, 98.3% of the respondents said that pediatric handoff training is necessary. In addition, participants reported that simulation practice (26.5%) is an appropriate educational method, and the time required for handoff training should be 8.16 hrs. Admission process was placed first as the most critical circumstance for handoff (56.8%). High demands were observed for the necessity of training content for patients with respiratory problems. CONCLUSION: The results of this study show the various educational needs for developing a patient safety pediatric handoff training program to promote nursing students' skills in handoff.
Surveys and Questionnaires ; Education ; Humans ; Needs Assessment* ; Nursing* ; Patient Handoff ; Patient Safety ; Pediatric Nursing* ; Students, Nursing*

PURPOSE: This study was done to evaluate the effectiveness of EMLA cream on pain related to venipuncture among children. METHODS: In this study, 48 children were evaluated using a sequential measurement for level of pain by Skin Conductance Level (SCL) based on Galvanic Skin Response (GSR), heart rate, and the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) at four times. RESULTS: The maximum and mean of the SCL were each significantly different between the experimental and control groups and furthermore, the two were also significantly different among observed times. In addition there was a significant interaction between group and time. The children's perceived pain using VAS was not significantly different between the experimental and control groups. There was no significant difference in the heart rate between the experimental and control groups; however, the interaction between group and time was significant. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, applying topical anesthetic cream to the venipuncture site to reduce pain was effective among the children and therefore it is highly recommended that topical anesthetic cream be applied at the venipuncture site as a nursing intervention to reduce pain when a child has to undergo a venipuncture.
Analgesics ; Child* ; Galvanic Skin Response ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Nursing ; Phlebotomy* ; Skin