Individuals and populations affected by Yunnan unexplained sudden death have different causes, so different research methods and control strategies should be adopted for these two different causes. By reviewing relevant research literature on Yunnan unexplained sudden death, we reinterpret some characteristics of the disease from the perspective of population medicine. At the same time, it is found that some studies have shown that residents in areas where sudden death occurs have a higher proportion of myocardial damage compared to control areas, making them a population with basic sickness. Population medicine methods can be used to conduct etiology research and disease prevention and control.

Objective: To monitor the second-hand smoke (SHS) exposure in residents aged 15 years and over in public venues, indoor workplaces, on public transportation vehicles and at home in Beijing and evaluate the effect of Beijing Tobacco Control Regulation. Methods: Data from 2014 and 2016 Beijing Adult Tobacco Survey were used. The surveys covered 16 districts in Beijing. The study subjects were selected through multi-stage cluster sampling with probability proportional to population size, and data were collected by using electronic questionnaire in face-to-face household interviews. A total of 8 484 and 9 372 valid questionnaires were collected for the surveys in 2014 and 2016, respectively. Statistical packages SPSS 20.0 and R 3.4.4 were used for data analyses. After weighting the samples using complex survey designs, the SHS exposure rates in different places in adults of Beijing were estimated. χ² tests were performed for the comparison. Results: The SHS exposure rates of residents aged 15 years and over in Beijing who visited health care facilities, government buildings, universities, primary and secondary schools and restaurants declined from 12.8%, 19.7%, 24.3%, 32.8% and 65.7% in 2014 to 6.2%, 10.8%, 12.5%, 19.1% and 32.5% in 2016, respectively. The SHS exposure rates in bars/nightclubs were 89.5% in 2014 and 80.3% in 2016. From 2014 to 2016, the SHS exposure rates declined from 35.7% to 20.0% in indoor workplaces and declined from 3.9% to 2.5% on public transportation vehicles. The SHS exposure rates at home were 39.8% in 2014 and 37.6% in 2016, respectively. Conclusions The SHS exposure rates in public places declined obviously in Beijing after the one year implementation of Beijing Tobacco Control Regulation, indicating the effect of the regulation implementation.

Objective To investigate the expression of fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) and fibroblast growth factor receptor-4 ( FGFR-4 ) in the papillary thyroid carcinomas ( PTC ) and clinical significance . Methods Immunohistochemistry and Western blotting for the expression of FGF-2 and FGFR-4 were performed in 89 cases of PTC and 30 cases of normal thyroid tissues ( NTT) adjacent to the tumors .Results Immunohistochemistry results showed that , FGF-2 and FGFR-4 expressions were high in thyroid carcinoma (P<0.01,P<0.01) in contrast to that in the normal thyroid tissues, and the difference was statistically significant;There was a positive linear correlation between expressions of FGF-2 and FGFR-4 and lymph node metastasis (χ2 =14.798,P<0.01;χ2 =7.27,P<0.01)and differentiation degree (χ2=13.824,P<0.01;χ2 =16.921, P<0.01) in papillary thyroid carcinoma ,while there was no difference in gender ,age and tumor size(P>0.05).Analyzed by Western blotting technique ,FGF-2 and FGFR-4 expressions in thyroid carcinoma were significantly higher than that in normal tissue ,with decrease of cancer degree of tissue differentiation and significantly up regulated expression (P<0.05).Expressions of FGF-2 and FGFR-4 were in a positive linear correlation in the disease (rs=0.434,P<0.01).Conclusion The expressions of FGF-2 and FGFR-4 are correlated with papillary thyroid cancer and they participated in the process of invasion and metastasis , both of which have a positive synergistic effect .The degree of malignancy and biological behavior are meaningful and comprehensive indicators ,which provide a theoretical basis for the subsequent experimental studies of cellular and molecular biology .

OBJECTIVETo assess the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of calcium channel β 2 subunit (CACNB2) gene and essential hypertension (EH) in ethnic Han Chinese in Wenzhou area, and to study the influence of rs7069292 alleles on gene expression with luciferase reporter technique.

METHODSSixty hundred and thirty seven Han Chinese with EH and 600 normal controls were enrolled. Genotypes of 6 SNP within CACNB2 gene including rs2228645, rs2357928, rs7069292, rs7099380, rs10764319 and rs11014166 were determined with matrix assisted laser desorption ionization/time of flight mass spectrometer (MALDI-TOF MS). A luciferase reporter gene plasmid containing the fragment flanking rs7069292 (-2831 bp to -2460 bp) in the 5' regulatory region of CACNB2 was constructed.

RESULTSCompared with the control, CT and TT genotypes for the rs7069292 locus were significantly more common in EH group (5.20% vs. 2.17%, 2.59% vs. 1.08%, P< 0.05). CC genotype was not found. Promoter activity for allele C of the rs7069292 locus was significantly increased compared with allele T (P< 0.05). No significant difference was detected for other 5 SNPs in terms of genotypes and allele frequency.

CONCLUSIONThe rs7069292 CT polymorphism of the CACNB2 gene is associated with EH in ethnic Han Chinese from Wenzhou area. A T>C mutation may affect the expression of CACNB2.

Aged ; Alleles ; Base Sequence ; Calcium Channels, L-Type ; genetics ; Case-Control Studies ; Cell Line ; Female ; Gene Frequency ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genotype ; Humans ; Hypertension ; genetics ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide

The present paper is aimed to study the preparation and application of individual artificial bone of carbon/carbon composites. Using computer tomography images (CT), we acquired a three-dimensional image. Firstly, we described bone contour line outlined with manual and automatic method by the binary volume data. Secondly, we created 3D object surface information by marching cubes. Finally, we converted this information to non-uniform rational B-spine (NURBS) by using geomagic software. Individual artificial bone with carbon/carbon composite was prepared through the CNC Machining Center. We replaced the humeral head of the tested rabbit, and then observed the effects of implantation in neuroimaging and pathological section. Using this method, we found that the bone shape processed and bone shape replaced was consistent. After implantation, the implant and the surrounding bone tissue bound closely, and bone tissue grew well on the surface of the implant. It has laid a sound foundation of the preparation using this method for individual artificial bone of carbon/carbon composite material.
Animals ; Bone Substitutes ; chemistry ; Carbon ; chemistry ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Rabbits ; Software ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Objective To investigate the differences of related clinicopathologic features in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients with or without Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM).Methods Using case-control studies,retrospective analysis of colorectal cancer of 60 patients with colorectal cancer hospitalization and 32 cases of T2DM were taken.The clinical data,histological grade,tumor size,clinical stage and lymph node metastasis pathology indicators conditions of the hospitalized CRC patients with or without type 2 diabetes were compared.Results The average age of the team with hospitalized CRC patients combined with type 2 diabetes is (64.90 ±8.87),fasting blood-glucose is (8.33 ±4.66) mmol/L.BMI and TG are (25.77 ±3.80) kg/m2 and (1.71 ±0.85) mmol/L which were all higher((54.70 ± 11.62),(5.85 ±0.88) mmol/L,(23.57 ±3.64)kg/m2,(1.33 ± 0.83) mmol/L) than patients without DM.There were significant differences between two groups (t =4.324,t =2.982,t =2.728,t =2.045,respectively,P ＜ 0.05).However,total cholesterol,high density lipoprotein-cholesterol and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol had no significantly differences with those patients without DM (P ＞ 0.05).There were no significant differences of clinicopathologic features between CRC patients with and without DM (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion There is a certain correlation between CRC and DM,DM increases the risk of colorectal cancer so diabetes patients should be early screened for colorectal,with a view to early detection,treatment and improve the prognosis.

Objective To analyze the effects of health risk factors on presenteeism in enterprise employees.Methods A hospital in Jinan of Shandong province and a publishing enterprise in Beijing were selected as target settings of this cross-sectional study. Questionnaire survey was carried out to collect information on demographic data,health condition and presenteeism,and multiple logistic regression was used to analyze the influence of health risk factors on labor-related presenteeism.Results Insufficient physical activity was found in 42％ percent of the participants,and those with heavy-loaded pressure,overweight or obesity,high blood pressure and unhealthy diet habit accounted for 46％,41％,40％ and 34％,respectively. Proportions of employees with presenteeism varied with age ( x2 =10.1665,P =0.0377),occupation ( x2 =35.3579,P ＜ 0.05 ) and education level ( x2 =50.5377,P ＜ 0.05 ).Female employees ( P =0.0323,OR =1.728,95％ CI 1.047 to 2.850),graduates ( P ＜ 0.05,OR =6.159,95％ CI 2.510 to 15.109),overweight or obesity individuals ( P =0.0076,OR =1.673,95％ CI 1.147 to 2.44) and adults with poor self-perception of health ( P =0.0049,OR =2.284,95％ CI 1.285 to 4.060)seemed to be more likely to be presenteeism.Conclusions Overweight or obesity and poor self-perception of health may be associated with labor-related presenteeism.

Objective To investigate differences of ctinicopathologic features in breast cancer patients with or without Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus(DM).Methods The general conditions and elinicopathologic features of the hospitalized breast cancer patients with or without type 2 diabetes were analyzed using a case-control study.Results The average age,fasting blood-glucose,BMI and TG were(58.4 ± 7.80),(8.15 ± 2.80)mmol/L,(27.72 ± 3.47)mmol/L and(2.36 ± 1.18)mmol/L in patients with DM,and(51.6 ± 9.90),(5.13 ±0.63)mmol/L,(24.15 ± 4.95)mmol/L and(1.32 ± 0.59)mmol/L in patients without DM.There were significantdifference between the two groups(t =2.968,P =0.004; t =5.757,P ＜ 0.001 ; t =3.235,P =0.002; t =4.330,P ＜0.001,respectively).HDL-C in patients with DM was(1.39 +0.20)mmol/L,which was significantly lower than that of(1.50 ± 0.24)mmol/L in patients without DM(t =2.000,P =0.05).TC and LDL-C was(4.89 ± 1.16)mmol/L and(3.02 ±0.90)mmol/L in patients with DM,which were not significantly different with those of(4.79 ±0.85)mmol/L and(2.97 +0.61)mmol/L in patients without DM(t =0.396,P =0.693,and t =0.255,P =0.800,respectively).More patients were in the menopausal status in breast cancer patients with Type 2 DM compared to the other group(x2 =11.835,P =0.001).The expression of Her-2 was 76.7％(23/30)in breast cancer patients with Type 2 DM,which was significantly higher than that of 50.8％(33/65)in patients without DM(x2 =5.689,P =0.017).Conclusion The average age was higher in breast cancer patients with Type 2 DM and most of them were in their menopausal status,furthermore the higher body mass index and worse prognosis were observed in this group,so the breast cancer patients with diabetes should choose the more reasonable treatment.

Objeetive To investigate the optimized concentration,effectiveness and histological change of Pingyangmycin by local injection of keloids for two weeks.Methods The appropriate concentration was analyzed,based on the Vancouver scar scale.48 eases of keloids were randomly divided into 4 groups with different concentrations of Pingyangmycin (1,0.5,0.25,and 0.125 mg/ml).Each case was iniected for five times at two weeks intervals,and then the statistical results (pair t test) and the histological changes were evaluated.Results Statistically,0.5 mg/ml group was more effective (P=0.0026),and this group had significant differences from the others (SNK test).The rate of the recurrence for one year was 12.00% in the whole effective cases.The keloid tissue after treatments,histologically,showed the thicker epidermis and larger papillary layer of the dermis,more inflammatory cells.Conclusions 0.5 mg/ml Pingyangmycin is the most appropriate concentration in this study and 0.25 mg/ml is the effective one.This treatment for keloid is convenient,safe,effective,low recrudescence and few side effects.

Objective To explore a new methodology for surgical treatment of severe retracted nipple in women. Methods 20 patients with inverted nipple and 4 recurred patients were involved in this study. Firstly, the site of neonipple tip was marked in the central part of the inverted nipple and its mean diameter usually was 1.2-1.5 cm. Then two shallow and deep triangular pedicled flaps were designed, respectively, in both superior and inferior areas near areola. With temporary traction of the nipple apex provided by a stay suture, the fibrotie bands underneath the nipple base might be cautious-ly released. Moreover, the shallow skin flaps should be about 0.5 cm in thickness and their blood sup-ply was from the subdermal arterial rete of the areola, which were used to cover and reconstruct the neck area of neonipple after a clockwise rotation and advancement simultaneously. While the deep fas-cia tissue flaps were revolved and advanced either horizontally to the opposite pedicle or upward to the inner tip through the tunnel underneath the nipple base in order to improve the height or width of the neonipple neck and prevent flattening as the supporting tissue and their blood supply was from some small perforating branch arteries in the deep part of mammary gland. Finally, purse-string suture was necessary in the base of neonipple which played a key role in avoiding recurrence of nipple inversion. Four vertical diamond-shaped excision-suturation treatment in neck area could make improvemts on the height of those stout and short nipples. Results In all 24 cases corrected by shallow and deep triangu-lar flaps rotation, after 3-6 months' follow-up, there were no complications related to surgery such as infection, hematoma, permanent sensory disturbance, or nipple necrosis, and postoperative recovery was rapid and uneventful. Especially, follow-up data revealed no evidence of recurrence of inversion and all patients were satisfied with their results. Conclusions Triangular flaps and fascia-tissue flaps in shallow and deep areola rotation is effective and easy to be popularized in correction of inverted nip-ple. This technique can improve both the diameter and height of the nipple, and certainly lower the re-currence rate of nipple inversion and achieve good aesthetic results.