During the process of dairy farming,various factors such as physical injury and bacterial infection act upon body tissues or organs,leading to the disruption of skin or mucous tissue integ-rity and subsequent tissue injury and trauma.The healing of these injuries is a complex process that necessitates the coordinated efforts of different cells and involvement of diverse cytokines.A-mong them,the interaction between macrophages and myofibroblasts is indispensable for efficient tissue repair.Nod-like receptor protein 3(NLRP3),a pattern recognition receptor in the innate im-mune system,may play a regulatory role in modulating this intricate process.In this study,cow myofibroblasts and M1 type bone marrow-derived macrophages were cultured in vitro,followed by collection of cell culture supernatant for co-culture analysis.Both cytokine secretion levels in M1 type bone marrow-derived macrophages as well as expression patterns levels of myofibroblast growth factor protein and mRNA were detected.The regulatory mechanism underlying NLRP3 in-volvement in mediating interactions between these two cell types was investigated using NLRP3 inhibitor MCC950.The results showed that an effective method for culturing cow muscle fibroblasts in vitro was successfully established and myofibroblast conditioned medium(MFbCM)could regulate M1 macrophage secretion profiles.Moreover,M1 macrophage conditioned medium(M1?CM)was found to influence myofibroblast growth factor expression levels.Our findings sug-gest that NLRP3 plays a significant regulatory role during crosstalk between myofibroblasts and M1-type pro-inflammatory macrophages.

Background::While type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is considered a putative causal risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD), the intrinsic link underlying T2DM and CAD is not fully understood. We aimed to highlight the importance of integrated care targeting both diseases by investigating the phenotypic and genetic relationships between T2DM and CAD.Methods::We evaluated phenotypic associations using data from the United Kingdom Biobank ( N = 472,050). We investigated genetic relationships by leveraging genomic data conducted in European ancestry for T2DM, with and without adjustment for body mass index (BMI) (T2DM: Ncase/ Ncontrol = 74,124/824,006; T2DM adjusted for BMI [T2DM adjBMI]: Ncase/ Ncontrol = 50,409/523,897) and for CAD ( Ncase/ Ncontrol = 181,522/984,168). We performed additional analyses using genomic data conducted in multiancestry individuals for T2DM ( Ncase/ Ncontrol = 180,834/1,159,055). Results::Observational analysis suggested a bidirectional relationship between T2DM and CAD (T2DM→CAD: hazard ratio [HR] = 2.12, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.01–2.24; CAD→T2DM: HR = 1.72, 95% CI: 1.63–1.81). A positive overall genetic correlation between T2DM and CAD was observed ( rg = 0.39, P = 1.43 × 10 -75), which was largely independent of BMI (T2DM adjBMI–CAD: rg = 0.31, P = 1.20 × 10 –36). This was corroborated by six local signals, among which 9p21.3 showed the strongest genetic correlation. Cross-trait meta-analysis replicated 101 previously reported loci and discovered six novel pleiotropic loci. Mendelian randomization analysis supported a bidirectional causal relationship (T2DM→CAD: odds ratio [OR] = 1.13, 95% CI: 1.11-1.16; CAD→T2DM: OR = 1.12, 95% CI: 1.07-1.18), which was confirmed in multiancestry individuals (T2DM→CAD: OR = 1.13, 95% CI: 1.10-1.16; CAD→T2DM: OR = 1.08, 95% CI: 1.04-1.13). This bidirectional relationship was significantly mediated by systolic blood pressure and intake of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors, with mediation proportions of 54.1% (95% CI: 24.9-83.4%) and 90.4% (95% CI: 29.3-151.5%), respectively. Conclusion::Our observational and genetic analyses demonstrated an intrinsic bidirectional relationship between T2DM and CAD and clarified the biological mechanisms underlying this relationship.

Trigeminal neuralgia can seriously affect the quality of life. Balloon compression is easy to operate, safe and efficient, accompanying high pain recurrence rate. This review focuses on the influences of relapse-related influencing factors, such as intraoperative balloon shape, balloon compression time, balloon volume and pressure, underlying medical conditions, and postoperative imaging data, in pain recurrence, with a view to intervene in advance, formulate individualized treatment strategies, and improve patient prognoses.

ObjectiveTo explore the protective effect of Xielitang on ulcerative colitis （UC） mice induced by dextran sodium sulfate （DSS） and its possible mechanism. MethodSixty C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into normal group， model group， sulfasalazine group and and low-， medium-， and high-dose Xielitang groups. Free drinking DSS solution to build the chronic UC model mice. Except for normal group， other groups were given 1.5% DSS for 3 cycles of drinking （days 1-7， days 22-28 and days 43-49） and distilled water for the rest of the time （days 8-21， days 29-42 and days 50-63）. After the first cycle， corresponding drugs were given for 42 days. The changes of general condition， body weight and disease activity index （DAI） score of mice were daily recorded during the experiment. At the end of the treatment， serum and colon tissue samples were collected， colon length was measured， intestinal weight index and colonic mucosal injury （CMDI） score were calculated. The pathological status of colon tissue was observed by hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining. The levels of interleukin-6 （IL-6）， interleukin-10 （IL-10） and tumour necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. The gene and protein expressions of Toll like receptor 4 （TLR4）， nuclear transcription factor-κB （NF-κB） and hypoxia inducible factor-1α （HIF-1α） in colon tissue was detected by Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） and Western blot. ResultCompared with the normal group， the body weight， colon length and IL-10 content in the model group were significantly decreased （P<0.01）， DAI score， intestinal weight index， CMDI score， IL-6 and TNF-α contents， and mRNA and protein expression levels of TLR4， NF-κB and HIF-1α in the model group were significantly increased （P<0.01）. Moreover， the structure of colonic mucosa was destroyed and inflammatory cells infiltrated in the model group. Compared with model group， body weight， colon length and IL-10 content in each dose group of Xielitang were significantly increased （P<0.05， P<0.01）， DAI score， intestinal weight index and CMDI score， IL-6 and TNF-α contents， mRNA and protein expression levels of TLR4， NF-κB and HIF-1α were notably decreased （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The pathological injury of colon was obviously alleviated. ConclusionXielitang can significantly improve the inflammatory response of UC mice induced by DSS， and its mechanism may be related to the regulation of TLR4/NF-κB/HIF-1α signaling pathway.

Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate the association of outdoor physical activity and insomnia symptoms with depressive symptoms in college students, so as to provide a theoretical basis for preventing and improving depression of the college students. Methods: A sample survey of 9 349 college students from 4 colleges and universities in 3 provinces in Hubei, Jiangxi and Chongqing were conducted from November to December 2021. The Patient Health Questionnaire, Insomnia Severity Index and outdoor physical activity questionnaire were used to evaluate the depressive symptoms, insomnia symptoms and outdoor activities of college students, respectively. The χ 2 test was used to compare the difference of the positive rate of depressive symptoms in college students. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the association between outdoor physical activity, insomnia symptoms and depressive symptoms. Generalized linear model was used to analyze the association of interaction effect of outdoor activity and insomnia symptoms with depressive symptoms. Results: The detection rate of depressive symptoms in college students was 37.4%. Significant differences in the detection rate of depressive symptoms were observed among college students with different majors, nationalities,educational backgrounds, family residence, family type, family economic conditions, study burden, number of friends, father s education level,mother s education level( P <0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that outdoor physical activity ( OR=0.51-0.69, P <0.01) and insomnia symptoms ( OR=6.15-21.30, P <0.01) were associated with depressive symptoms( P <0.01). Generalized linear model showed that insomnia symptoms( B =0.57), outdoor physical activity ( B =-0.15) and their interaction terms ( B =-0.02) were associated with college students depression( P <0.05). Conclusion This study suggests that insufficient time for outdoor physical activity and insomnia symptoms may increase the risk of depressive symptoms in college students. College students with insufficient time for outdoor physical activity and insomnia have a higher risk of developing depressive symptoms.

Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is one of the most widely used synthetic polyester. It poses serious threat to terrestrial, aquatic ecosystems and human health since it is difficult to be broken down and deposited in the environment. The biodegradation based on enzymatic catalysis offers a sustainable method for recycling PET. A number of PET hydrolases have been discovered in the last 20 years, and protein engineering has increased their degradation capabilities. However, no PET hydrolases that are practical for widespread industrial use have been identified. Screening of PET hydrolase using conventional detection techniques is laborious and inefficient process. Effective detection techniques are required to promote the commercialization of PET hydrolases. Using efficient detection techniques to screen potent industrial enzymes is essential for supporting the widespread industrial implementation of PET hydrolases. To define PET hydrolase, scientists have created a number of analytical techniques recently. The detection techniques that can be used to screen PET hydrolase, including high performance liquid chromatography, ultraviolet absorption spectrometric, and fluorescence activated droplet sorting method, are summarized in this study along with their potential applications.
Humans ; Polyethylene Terephthalates ; Ecosystem ; Biodegradation, Environmental ; Catalysis ; Hydrolases

Abstract Hydrogels are widely used in biomedical fields such as drug delivery, wound dressings and tissue engineering because of their good biocompatibility and biodegradability. According to the source of material, it can be divided into synthetic material hydrogel and natural material hydrogel. Natural polysaccharide hydrogel not only can be used as material, but also has unique pharmacological activity and better mechanical properties, gradually become the preferred material. Dynamic covalent hydrogels have attracted much attention due to their structural flexibility, self healing performance and environmental responsiveness. In this paper, the dynamic bond mode natural polysaccharide hydrogel systems are classified and summarized, and the research status of the construction of this kind of hydrogel in drug delivery and tissue repair are summarized, to provide reference for the application of new polysaccharide hydrogels in clinical application.

Objective To investigate the population differences of the newly named "metabolic associated fatty liver disease" (MAFLD) and the former name "nonalcoholic fatty liver disease" (NAFLD). Methods From November 2020 to January 2021, a cross-sectional survey was conducted among 624 elderly individuals aged above 65 years in a community in Beijing, China, and related data were collected, including demographic data, past history, laboratory markers, liver ultrasound, and liver elasticity. According to the presence or absence of fatty liver based on ultrasonic diagnosis, the individuals were divided into fatty liver group with 389 individuals and non-fatty liver group with 235 individuals. The independent samples t -test was used for comparison of normally distributed continuous data between the two groups, and the Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison of non-normally distributed continuous data between the two groups; the chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical data between the two groups. Results Among the 389 patients with fatty liver, 387(99.5%) were diagnosed with MAFLD and 368(94.6%) were diagnosed with NAFLD, and there were 19 patients with a history of heavy alcohol consumption and 2 with positive surface antigen. A total of 366 patients met the diagnostic criteria for both MAFLD and NAFLD, accounting for 94.6% of the MAFLD patients and 99.5% of the NAFLD patients. Compared with the non-fatty liver group, the MAFLD group had significant increases in body mass index (BMI) ( t =-11.228, P < 0.05), waist circumference ( Z =-8.532, P < 0.05), hip circumference ( Z =-6.449, P < 0.05), waist-hip ratio ( Z =-5.708, P < 0.05), alanine aminotransferase ( Z =-5.027, P < 0.05), aspartate aminotransferase ( Z =-2.880, P < 0.05), platelet count ( t =-3.623, P < 0.05), triglyceride ( Z =-8.489, P < 0.05), fasting blood glucose ( Z =-3.516, P < 0.05), HbA1c ( Z =-2.884, P < 0.05), Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) ( Z =-0.394, P < 0.05), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein ( Z =-4.912, P < 0.05), controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) ( t =13.744, P < 0.05), and liver stiffness measurement (LSM) ( Z =-7.69, P < 0.05), as well as a significant reduction in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) ( t =6.348, P < 0.001). Meanwhile, MAFLD patients had more metabolic associated diseases, such as overweight, obesity, central obesity, dyslipidemia, and hypertension ( χ 2 =9.978, 65.472, 36.571, 9.797, and 5.128, all P < 0.05). In the MAFLD group, 30.7% of the patients had non-obese fatty liver disease (BMI < 25 kg/m 2 ), and 11.1% had lean fatty liver disease (BMI < 23 kg/m 2 ); compared with the obese MAFLD patients, the non-obese MAFLD patients had significantly lower age ( Z =-3.042, P < 0.05), BMI ( Z =-15.705, P < 0.05), waist circumference ( Z =-9.589, P < 0.05), hip circumference ( Z =-10.275, P < 0.05), HOMA-IR ( Z =-2.081, P < 0.05), CAP ( t =-3.468, P < 0.05), LSM ( Z =-3.630, P < 0.05), and NAFLD fibrosis score ( t =-4.433, P < 0.05). According to LSM value, advanced liver fibrosis accounted for 3.6% of the MAFLD population, and 10% of the MAFLD population could not be excluded for advanced liver fibrosis. Conclusion The diagnosis of MAFLD can basically cover the NAFLD population in the elderly people, and it is supposed that MAFLD can almost directly replace the concept of NAFLD in similar populations. However, further studies are needed to investigate its application in other populations.

Objective:To explore the characteristics of vocal cord polyps and to study the application value of high-frequency ultrasound in the diagnosis of vocal cord polyps.Methods:A total of 169 patients diagnosed with vocal cord polyps ( 176 polyps in total ) by pathology in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi′an Jiaotong University from December 2016 to September 2021 were collected, the ultrasonic image characteristics of vocal cord polyps were summarized, and the characteristics of thyroid cartilage calcification at glottic level and the influence of the calcification range of thyroid cartilage at glottic level on the display of vocal cord polyps were observed.Results:The sonogram images of all vocal cord polyps showed the localized uniform low echo between the upper cortex and the ligament layer, the morphology could be circular and flat, and all polyps could be divided into high tension type and low tension type, no blood flow signal was found in 96.8% of the polyps. Round polyps were more easier to be detected by ultrasound than flat polyps, but there was no significant difference( P>0.05). The incidence of thyroid cartilage calcification at glottis level was higher in men than in women, and the difference was statistically significant( P<0.05). The range of thyroid cartilage calcification at the glottic level affects the display rate of vocal cord polyps.With the increase of calcification range, the display rate of vocal cord polyps gradually decreased. There was significant difference in the display rate of vocal cord polyps between non calcification group and moderate calcification group, non calcification group and severe calcification group(all P<0.05). Conclusions:Vocal cord polyps have typical sonographic appearance. High-frequency ultrasound can identify the morphology, location and size of vocal cord polyps. Especially for patients with no or mild calcification of thyroid cartilage at glottic level, ultrasound can meet the requirements of accurate diagnosis. It is expected to become an effective supplement to laryngoscopy, and apply for to the preliminary screening of vocal cord polyps and postoperative review.

Cardiac disease is the general term of diseases, caused by damage to the structure or abnormal function of the heart. Its morbidity and mortality have remained high, seriously threatening the lives and health of people. The tyrosine kinase receptor ErbB2 (also known as EGFR2 or HER2) was originally discovered for its oncogenic activity, however, recent studies have found that ErbB2 have protective effects in various heart diseases. Therefore, this article reviews the role and underlying mechanism of ErbB2 in myocardial infarction, myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury, cardiac hypertrophy, heart failure, doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxic injury and diabetic cardiomyopathy. Furthermore, this article also preliminarily discusses the application prospects, limitations and development directions of ErbB2 as a clinical diagnostic marker and therapeutic target for heart disease.