Inflammatory pseudotumor-like follicular dendritic cell sarcoma(IPT-like FDCS)is a very rare malignant tumor that is considered to be associated with Epstein-Barr virus.Two patients in this report were generally healthy,and the spleen tumor was found during physical examination.After completing the examination,laparoscopic total splenectomy was performed,and the pathological result showed IPT-like FDCS.Postoperative chemoradiotherapy was not performed in either case.The disease has no characteristic clinical manifestations,and imaging overlaps with sarcoma.Microscopic manifestation showed CD21,CD23 and EBER positive spindle tumor cells in the inflammatory background with matted arrangement.Due to the interwoven distribution of tumor cells and lymphocytes,diagnosis is difficult.In this article,we report this two cases with literature review and summarize their clinical and pathological features to improve diagnostic cognition.

Objective To explore the disinfection effect of ozone combined with peracetic acid(PAA)on reducing the total number of aerobic bacteria in pure water from the terminal of centralized pure water supply system.Methods A two-stage controlled study was conducted,and microbial limit test was performed on the pure water from the ter-minal of centralized pure water supply system in a hospital.At the first stage,PAA disinfection method was adop-ted,and ozone enhanced disinfection(PAA combined with ozone disinfection)was adopted at the second stage.Dis-infection effects at different stages were compared.Results A total of 211 water specimens were collected for tes-ting,including 101 specimens from PAA disinfection group and 110 from ozone enhanced disinfection group.The bacterial colony qualification rate of terminal pure water from the ozone enhanced disinfection group was higher than PAA group(85.45％vs 74.26％,P=0.04).The median of aerobic bacterial colony number of the ozone enhanced disinfection group(2 CFU/mL)was significantly lower than that of the PAA disinfection group(20 CFU/mL).With time increase after disinfection,the number of aerobic bacteria colony in water specimens from the PAA disinfection group showed a significant upward trend(Day 1 vs Day 92:9 CFU/mL vs 1 062 CFU/mL),while the aerobic bac-teria fluctuation range in the pure water from the ozone enhanced disinfection group was relatively small(Day 1 vs Day 92:8 CFU/mL vs 58 CFU/mL).Conclusion The ozone combined with PAA disinfection method can signifi-cantly reduce the total number of aerobic bacteria in water from the terminal of centralized pure water supply sys-tem,with obvious maintaining effect.

COVID-19 has been prevalent for three years. The virulence of SARS-CoV-2 is weaken as it mutates continuously. However, elderly patients, especially those with underlying diseases, are still at high risk of developing severe infections. With the continuous study of the molecular structure and pathogenic mechanism of SARS-CoV-2, antiviral drugs for COVID-19 have been successively marketed, and these anti-SARS-CoV-2 drugs can effectively reduce the severe rate and mortality of elderly patients. This article reviews the mechanism, clinical medication regimens, drug interactions and adverse reactions of five small molecule antiviral drugs currently approved for marketing in China, so as to provide advice for the clinical rational use of anti-SARS-CoV-2 in the elderly.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the molecular polymorphisms of CD36 among 58 blood donors with CD36 deficiency and compare with CD36 positive controls. METHODS: A total of 58 donors with CD36 deficiency during a screening conducted in the laboratory from September 2019 to December 2020 were enrolled as the test group, including 39 males and 19 females, while 120 platelet donors with CD36 positive were randomly selected as the controls, including 76 males and 44 females. All of the subjects were Han nationality. The PCR-SBT method was used to detect coding region of CD36 gene, and molecular mutations were compared with those CD36 positive controls. RESULTS: Among the 58 donors with CD36 deficiency, mutations appears in 32 individuals. The detection rate for type I was 71.43% (5/7), and type II was 51.92% (27/52), while among the 120 controls, mutations appears in 12 donors (10%). In the CD36 antigen-deficient donors, 16 variations were found, in which 329-330 del AC with the highest frequency accounted for 20.69%, followed by 1228-1239 del ATTGTGCCTATT(15.52%) and 1156 C>T(10.34%). Two variations, 198-205 del GATCTTTG and 220 C>T, led to premature termination of translation; four mutations, 329-330 del AC, 560 ins T, 1011-1049 39bp dupl and 1343-1344 ins TCTT, caused translation frame shift; 1228-1239 del ATTGTGCCTATT led to deletion of four amino acids (Ile-Val-Pro-Ile) at sites 410-413 of the peptide chain. The 1140 T>A and 1275 G>A were synonymous mutations, and the other 7 mutations resulted in the substitution of single nucleotide. The platelet expression in the donors of CD36 positive with 329-330 del AC or 1228-1239 del ATTGTGCCTATT mutation (heterozygote) was lower than those CD36 positive individuals without mutations (homozygote). CONCLUSION Multiple gene mutations in the CD36 coding region may cause CD36 deficiency, and the heterozygous individuals with mutations may lead to CD36 antigen reduction or deletion. Mutation is not detected in 44.83% of CD36 deficient individuals, there may be some other reasons for the CD36 antigen deficiency.
Blood Donors ; Blood Platelet Disorders/metabolism* ; Blood Platelets/metabolism* ; CD36 Antigens/metabolism* ; Female ; Genetic Diseases, Inborn ; Humans ; Male

Objective To investigate the effect of budesonide ( BUD) inhalation on the proliferation and apoptosis of airway smooth muscle cells ( ASMCs) in asthmatic rats and its molecular biological mechanism. Methods Totally 40 SD rats were randomly divided into control group, asthma model group, low (0. 25 mg/kg) and high (2 mg/kg) BUD group. The rat asthma model was induced by ovalbumin (VOA) combined with aluminium hydroxide Gel sensitization stimulation. After sensitization, the intervention group inhaled different doses of BUD before stimulation. The related parameters of lung tissue and airway were measured and calculated by medical image analysis system, immunofluorescence was used to detect the expression of type I collagen ( Col I ) and Col III in rat airway smooth muscle ( ASM ), and the protein expressions of Bcl-2, Bax, Caspase-3, phosphorylated ERK 1 and 2(p-ERK 1 / 2), p-p38 MAPK were detected by Western blotting. The proliferation activity of ASMCs was detected by MTT method, and the apoptosis rate of ASMCs was detected by flow cytometry. Results Compared with the control group, airway remodeling occurred in the asthmatic model group, and the airway wall thickness ( WAt/Pbm ), inner wall thickness ( WAi/Pbm ) and smooth muscle thickness ( WAm/Pbm ) increased, compared with the model group, the airway remodeling was inhibited in BUD intervention group, and the tracheal WAt/Pbm, WAi/Pbm and WAm/Pbm decreased in bud treatment group. BUD could decrease the proliferation activity of ASMCs, increase the apoptosis rate of ASMCs, inhibit the expression of Col I and Col III, deregulate the expression of Bcl-2, upregulate the expression of Bax and Caspase-3 ( all P<0. 05), and inhibit the activity of ERK 1/2 and p38 MAPK signal pathway. Conclusion BUD can inhibit the proliferation and the promote apoptosis of ASMCs in asthmatic rats, which may be related to the inhibition of ERK 1/2 and p38 MAPK signal pathways.

OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of functional chewing training (FuCT) on masticatory function, the severity of tongue thrust, and the severity and frequency of drooling in children with cerebral palsy. METHODS: A prospective study was performed for 48 children who were diagnosed with oral motor dysfunction from January 2019 to January 2020, and they were randomly divided into an FuCT group and an oral motor training group, with 24 children in each group. Both groups received FuCT or oral motor training for 12 weeks, and then they were evaluated in terms of the changes in the masticatory function, the severity of tongue thrust, and the severity and frequency of drooling. RESULTS: There were no significant differences between the two groups in the masticatory function, the severity of tongue thrust, and the severity and frequency of drooling before treatment (P>0.05). After the 12-week training, the FuCT group showed significant improvements in the masticatory function and the severity of tongue thrust and drooling (P<0.05), but with no improvement in the frequency of drooling (P>0.05), while the oral motor training group had no improvements in the masticatory function, the severity of tongue thrust, and the severity and frequency of drooling (P>0.05). After the 12-week training, the FuCT group had more significantly improvements in the severity of tongue thrust and the severity and frequency of drooling than the oral motor training group (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS FuCT can effectively improve the masticatory function, the severity of tongue thrust, and the severity and frequency of drooling in children with cerebral palsy.
Cerebral Palsy ; Child ; Humans ; Mastication ; Prospective Studies ; Sialorrhea

Objective To explore the protective effect of gallic acid in Phyllanthus emblica on high glucose－induced apoptosis of pancreatic islet β cells, and to provide a reference for the discovery of natural compounds for the treatment of diabetes. Methods In vivo experimental model, wistar male rats were used as in vivo subjects and 50 mg/kg STZ was injected intraperitoneally. After the model was successfully established, 25 mg/kg of gallic acid was given orally, and the positive drug was Sitagliptin. After 4 weeks of administration, the blood was taken and the pancreas was removed for HE staining. Western blot was used to measure the expression of NLRP3 and TXNIP in pancreatic tissue in high sugar state. In vitro model, insulinoma cell line INS－1 cells were used as in vitro targets to establish high levels. In sugar－induced apoptosis model, INS－1 cells were cultured in glucose－free RPMI 1640 complete medium supplemented with 25 mmol/L glucose. Gallic acid was used as the test sample. Experiments were divided into normal controls, high－sugar models, and low, medium and high levels of gallic acid groups. The cell viability was measured by MTT assay. The mRNA expression of NLRP3 and TXNIP in INS－1 cells was detected by QPCR and Western blot, and the expression of NLRP3 and TXNIP protein was detected.Results (1) INS－1 cells were cultured in a medium with glucose concentration of 25mmol/L for 48h, and the apoptosis rate was increased compared with the control group (P＜0.01), indicating that the apoptosis model was established successfully under high glucose conditions. (2) 10, 5, and 2.5 μmol/L GA were used to treat the control group and the high glucose model group cells respectively. The survival rate of the control group did not change significantly (P＞0.05) . Compared with the control group, the expression of NLRP3 and TXNIP in INS－1 cells in the high glucose model group was significantly different (P＜0.05);the protein expression level was significantly downregulated after GA treatment, and there was a statistical difference (P＜0.05) . Compared with the control group, the expression of NLRP3 protein in INS－1 cells in the high glucose model group was statistically different (P＜0.01), and the protein expression level was significantly downregulated after GA treatment (P＜0.01) ; The protein expression level was up－regulated (P＜0.05);the protein expression level after GA treatment was significantly down－regulated (P＜0.05); (4) The expression of NLRP3 and TXNIP mRNA in INS－1 cells was increased in the high glucose model group compared with the control group (P＜0.01) ; The expression of protein was significantly down－regulated after GA treatment (P＜0.01) . Conclusion The cells were cultured for 48 h in glucose－free RPMI 1640 complete medium supplemented with 25 mmol/L glucose. GA has no effect on the proliferation of normal INS－1 cells. GA protects INS－1 cells from apoptosis under high glucose conditions. The mechanism may be related to GA down－regulation of NLRP3 and TXNIP gene expression.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the clinical features and surgical strategy for pediatric intractable epilepsy due to posterior quadrantic cortical dysplasia and to assess the surgical outcomes.

METHODSThe clinical features and preoperative evaluation results of 14 children with intractable epilepsy due to posterior quadrantic cortical dysplasia were retrospectively analyzed. The localization values of video-electroencephalography and intraoperative monitoring and the indications, advantages and disadvantages of temporoparietooccipital disconnection were evaluated.

RESULTSThe 14 children had different seizure types, of which spasm was the most common one. The lesions of cortical dysplasia involved the central cerebral region in 2 cases. After temporoparietooccipital disconnection in 14 patients, 13 cases were seizure-free; only one case still had seizures, but the frequency dropped by more than 50%.

CONCLUSIONSTemporoparietooccipital disconnection is a safe and effective surgical procedure for children with intractable epilepsy due to posterior quadrantic cortical dysplasia.

Child ; Child, Preschool ; Electroencephalography ; Epilepsy ; etiology ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Evoked Potentials, Somatosensory ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Malformations of Cortical Development ; complications

H9 subtype avian influenza virus causes worldwide epidemic, resulting in enormous economic losses of poultry production. In the present study, an indirect ELISA method was established for more accurate and specific detection. The recombinant protein of the globular head domain of HA of H9 subtype avian influenza virus was used as antigen. Specific blocking buffers and dilution buffers were determined to increase the sensitivity and specificity. The sensitivity of ELISA was higher than that of hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test. The coating antigen is very specific and no cross-reactivity with positive serum against H3N2, H5N2 and H7N9 subtype influenza viruses, Newcastle disease virus, avian infectious bronchitis virus, avian infectious disease virus, and egg drop syndrome virus. Two hundred of clinical sera samples were examined. The results indicate the coincidence rate between ELISA and HI test reached 97%. In addition, there was a positive correlation between OD450 values and the logarithm of HI titer to the base 2 of an individual serum sample (R2=0.981 1).

Objective To evaluate the impact of Shenfushu granules on cisplatin-induced renal dysfunction and explore the possible mechanisms.Methods Male institute of cancer research(ICR) mice were randomly divided into 4 groups:control group (0.9％ NaC1),Shenfushu group (Shenfushu granules 1 g · kg-1),cisplatin group(0.9％ NaC1 for 9 d and a single dose of cisplatin 20 mg · kg-1 was given by intraperitoneal injection on 7th day),Shenfushu + cisplatin group (Shenfushu granules 1 g · kg-1 gavage for 9 d and a single dose of cisplatin 20 mg · kg-1 was given by intraperitoneal injection on 7th day).Animals were euthanized 72 h following cisplatin dosing.Biochemical parametem including serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels were analyzed by automatic biochemical analyzer.Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was performed inhistopathological examination.The peroxidative product malondialdehyde (MDA) and antioxidant enzymes glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were detected according to kits.Protein expressions of nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2),hemeoxygenase 1 (HO-1),quinine oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1),multidrug resistance protein 2 (MRP2) and multidrug and toxic compound extrusion protein 1 (MATE1) were measured in western blot analysis.Platinum contents in kidney were determined with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) method.Results The serum creatinine in cisplatin group and Shenfushu + cisplatin group were (12.14 ± 4.64),(7.60 ± 3.49) μmol · L-1;blood urea nitrogen were (34.12 ±9.48),(15.92 ±4.33) mmol · L-1;GSH-Px were (78.26 ±7.02),(95.87 ± 14.08) U· mg-1 protein;SOD were (8.85 ±3.99),(12.68 ±3.62) U · mg-1 protein,MDA were (6.96 ±2.25),(4.33 ± 1.50) nmol · mg-1 protein;platinum contents were (12.56 ± 1.30),(9.67 ± 0.97) ng · mg-1 tissue.Western blotting analysis revealed that Shenfushu granules enhanced expressions of Nrf2-mediated antioxidant pathway and efflux transporter in cisplatin-exposed animals.Conclusion Shenfushu granules exhibited renal protective effects on cisplatin-induced renal impairment,possibly associated with its modulating on Nrf2-mediated antioxidant pathway and efflux transporters.