ObjectiveTo study the pharmacological substances and mechanisms through which sesquiterpene ZH-13 from Aquilariae Lignum Resinatum improves neuroinflammation. MethodsBV-2 microglial cells were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide （LPS） to induce neuroinflammation. The cells were divided into the normal group， the model group， and the ZH-13 low- and high-dose treatment groups （10， 20 μmol·L^-1）. The model group was treated with 1 μmol·L^-1 LPS. Cell viability was assessed using the cell proliferation and activity assay （CCK-8 kit）. Nitric oxide （NO） release in the cell supernatant was measured using a nitric oxide kit （Griess method）. The mRNA expression levels of interleukin-1β （IL-1β）， tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）， inducible nitric oxide synthase （iNOS）， and interleukin-6 （IL-6） were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR）. The phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase （MAPK） pathway proteins was assessed by Western blot. ResultsCompared with the model group， ZH-13 dose-dependently reduced NO release from BV-2 cells under LPS stimulation （P<0.05， P<0.01）. In the 20 μmol·L^-1 ZH-13 treatment group， the mRNA expression levels of IL-1β， TNF-α， iNOS， and IL-6 were significantly reduced compared to the model group （P<0.05， P<0.01）. In both the low- and high-dose ZH-13 groups， the expression of the inflammatory factor TNF-α and the phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase （JNK） in the upstream MAPK pathway were significantly reduced （P<0.05）. After stimulation with the JNK agonist anisomycin （Ani）， both low- and high-dose ZH-13 treatment groups showed reduced phosphorylation of JNK proteins compared to the Ani-treated group （P<0.01）. ConclusionThe sesquiterpene compound ZH-13 from Aquilariae Lignum Resinatum significantly ameliorates LPS-induced neuroinflammatory responses in BV-2 cells by inhibiting excessive JNK phosphorylation and reducing TNF-α expression. These findings elucidate the pharmacological substances and mechanisms underlying the sedative and calming effects of Aquilariae Lignum Resinatum.

Objective To explore the protective mechanism of honey-processed Hedysari Radix in regulating intestinal mucosal injury in rats with spleen qi deficiency.Methods The three-factor composite modeling method of bitter cold diarrhea,overwork and hunger and satiety disorder was used to construct a spleen qi deficiency model rats.After the model was successfully made,they were randomly divided into model group,honey-processed Hedysari Radix group and probiotic group,with 15 animals in each group.Another 15 normal rats were taken as the blank group.The honey-processed Hedysari Radix group was given 12.6 g·kg-1 water decoction of honey-processed Hedysari Radix by gavage,the probiotics group was given Bifidobacterium Lactobacillus triple viable tablets suspension at a dose of 0.625 g·kg-1,and the blank group and the model group were given the same dose of distilled water.The rats in the four groups were administered once a day for 15 days.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect diamine oxidase(DAO)in serum,D-lactic acid(D-LA),secretory immunoglobulin A factor,and Western blotting was used to detect the expression levels of AMP-activated protein kinase(AMPK),zonula occludens-1(ZO-1)and occludin in colon tissues.Results The serum levels of DAO in the blank group,model group,honey-processed Hedysari Radix group and probiotic group were(138.93±9.78),(187.95±12.90),(147.21±6.92)and(166.47±3.37)pg·mL-1;the contents of D-LA were(892.23±49.17),(1 099.84±137.64),(956.56±86.04)and(989.61±51.75)μg·L-1;the contents of SIgA in colon tissues were(14.04±1.42),(11.47±2.39),(11.84±1.49)and(12.93±1.65)μg·mL-1;the relative expression levels of ZO-1 protein in colon tissues were 1.18±0.11,0.42±0.04,0.77±0.05 and 0.95±0.07;the relative expression levels of occludin protein were 1.35±0.31,0.61±0.17,1.19±0.19 and 0.88±0.13;the relative expression levels of AMPK protein were 0.91±0.02,0.35±0.09,0.74±0.08 and 0.59±0.11.Compared with the model group,there were significant differences in the serum content of DAO and D-LA,SIgA content in colon,and the content of ZO-1,occludin and AMPK protein in the honey-processed Hedysari Radix group(P＜0.01,P＜0.05).Conclusion Honey-processed Hedysari Radix can enhance the protective effect on the intestinal mucosa of rats with spleen qi deficiency by regulating the expression of related inflammatory cytokines,intestinal mucosal upper cell enzymes and tight junction proteins in rats with spleen qi deficiency.

Objective To investigate the effect and mechanism of hypericin on osteoporosis(OP)in rats with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD).Methods COPD combined with OP rat model was established by cigarette combined with bacteria.The rats were randomly divided into control group,model group(COPD combined with OP model was constructed),experimental-L group(50 mg·kg-1 hypericin was given by intragastric administration after constructing COPD combined with OP model),experimental-H group(100 mg·kg-1 hypericin was given intragastric administration after constructing COPD combined with OP model),positive group(subcutaneous injection of 16 U·kg-1 salmon calcitonin after constructing COPD combined with OP model);each group was given 12 rats for 90 days.The lung function of rats was detected by pulmonary function apparatus;bone mineral density(BMD)was detected by micro-computed tomography(CT);serum bone metabolism and inflammatory factors were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA);Western blot assay was used to detect the relevant indicators of the pathway.Results The levels of forced vital capacity(FVC)in control group,model group,experimental-H group and positive group were(10.42±1.40),(4.10±0.60),(6.75±0.37),(4.18±0.33)mL,respectively;BMD levels were(0.31±0.04),(0.12±0.02),(0.28±0.03),(0.29±0.04)g·mm-3,respectively;bone alkaline phosphatase(BALP)levels were(200.04±20.03),(80.80±6.00),(148.16±14.23),(173.97±23.55)U·L1,respectively;interleukin-1β(IL-1β)levels were(122.60±8.70),(695.59±74.84),(422.41±44.86),(527.90±39.36)pg·mL-1,respectively;phosphorylated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase(p-P38)protein expression levels were 0.99±0.11,0.36±0.05,0.79±0.08,0.36±0.04,respectively.Compared with the control group,the above indexes in the model group had statistical significance(all P＜0.05);the above indexes in experimental-H group were significantly different from those in model group(all P＜0.05).Conclusion Hypericin can inhibit inflammatory response,improve bone metabolism and biomechanics.

Plant natural products have a wide range of pharmacological properties, not only can they be used as plant dietary supplements to meet the nutritional needs of the human body in the accelerated pace of life, but also occupy an important position in the research and development of therapeutic drugs for the treatment of tumors, inflammation and other diseases, and have been widely accepted by the public due to their good safety. However, despite the above advantages of plant natural products, limiting factors such as low solubility, poor stability, lack of targeting, high toxicity and side effects, and unacceptable odor have greatly impeded their conversion to clinical applications. Therefore, the development of new avenues for the application of new natural products has become an urgent problem to be solved at present. In recent years, with the continuous development of research, various strategies have been developed to improve the bioavailability of natural products. Among them, nanocarrier delivery system is one of the most attractive strategies at present. In past studies, a large number of nanomaterials (organic, inorganic, etc.) have been developed to encapsulate plant-derived natural products for their efficient delivery to specific organs and cells. Up to now, nanotechnology has not only been limited to pharmaceutical applications, but is also competing in the fields of nanofood processing technology and nanoemulsions. Among the various nanocarriers, liposomes are the largest nanocarriers with the largest market share at present. Liposomes are bilayer nanovesicles synthesized from amphiphilic substances, which have advantages such as high drug loading capacity and stability. Attractively, the flexible surface of liposomes can be modified with various functional elements. Functionalized modification of liposomes with different functional elements such as antibodies, nucleic acids, peptides, and stimuli-responsive moieties can bring out the excellent drug delivery function of liposomes to a greater extent. For example, the modification of functional elements with targeting function such as nucleic acids and antibodies on the surface of liposomes can deliver natural products to the target location and improve the bioavailability of drugs; the modification of stimulus-responsive groups such as photosensitizers, magnetic nanoparticles, pH-responsive groups, and temperature sensitizers on the surface of liposomes can achieve controlled release of drugs, localized targeting, and synergistic thermotherapy. In addition to the above properties, by using functionalized liposomes to encapsulate natural products with irritating properties can also effectively mask the irritating properties of natural products, improve public acceptance, and increase the possibility of application of irritating natural products. There are various strategies for modifying liposomes with functional elements, and the properties of functionalized liposomes constructed by different construction strategies differ. The commonly used construction strategies for functionalized liposomes include covalent modification and non-covalent modification. These two types of construction strategies have their own advantages and disadvantages. Covalent modification has better stability than non-covalent modification, but its operation is cumbersome. With the above background, this review focuses on the three typical problems faced by plant natural products at present, and summarizes the specific applications of functionalized liposomes in them. In addition, this paper summarizes the construction strategies for building different types of functionalized liposomes. Finally, this paper will also review the opportunities and challenges faced by functionalized liposomes to enter clinical therapy, and explore the opportunities to overcome these problems, with a view to better realizing the precise control of plant nanomedicines, and providing ideas and inspirations for researchers in related fields as well as relevant industrial staff.

Objective To develop a portable medical oxygen purity analyzer capable of real-time detection of multi-compo-nent gases in medical oxygen or aviation oxygen to ensure the safety of oxygen consumption.Methods The portable medical oxygen purity analyzer with STM3F103RC as the main controller involved in a management module,an oxygen detection module,a carbon monoxide/chlorine detection module,a flow/carbon dioxide detection module and a dew point detection module as its hardware components,which had its human-machine interface programmed with DGUS supervision,control and data acquisition(SCADA)software and system program developed with C language under Keil MDK environment.The performance verification of the analyzer developed was carried out in terms of oxygen detection error and stability and errors for measuring carbon monoxide,chlorine and carbon dioxide.Results The analyzer showed high precision when used to detect oxygen with high volume fraction,with long-term stability and the absolute error restrained within±0.1％;the erros for measuring carbon monoxide,chlorine and carbon dioxide were all limited within±5％FS to meet the desired requirements.Condusion The portable medical oxygen purity analyzer developed with high precision,stability and portability can be used for detection of medical oxygen and aviation oxygen.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2024,45(3):36-40]

Jumonji domain-containing protein D3(JMJD3)is a 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase that specif-ically removes transcriptional repression marks di-and tri-methylated groups from lysine 27 on histone 3(H3K27me2/3).The erasure of these marks leads to the activation of some associated genes,thereby influencing various biological processes,such as development,differentiation,and immune response.However,comprehensive descriptions regarding the relationship between JMJD3 and inflammation are lacking.Here,we provide a comprehensive overview of JMJD3,including its structure,functions,and involvement in inflammatory pathways.In addition,we summarize the evidence supporting JMJD3's role in several inflammatory diseases,as well as the potential therapeutic applications of JMJD3 inhibitors.Additionally,we also discuss the challenges and opportunities associated with investigating the functions of JMJD3 and developing targeted inhibitors and propose feasible solutions to provide valuable insights into the functional exploration and discovery of potential drugs targeting JMJD3 for inflammatory diseases.

Objective To investigate the role and underlying mechanisms of WD repeat domain 82(WDR82)protein in the pathogenesis and progression of glioma.Methods We analyzed the expression level of WDR82 in glioma tissues using GEPIA and UALCAN databases and further assessed WDR82 protein expression in glioma and adjacent normal tissues through immunohistochemical staining.The correlation between WDR82 expression and the prognosis of glioma patient was evaluated using Kaplan-Meier plotter.Experiments were conducted on A172 and U251 cell lines,which were categorized into four groups:control group(transfected with 3 μg pcDNA3),shR-control group(transfected with 3 μg pSilencer 2.1-U6),pWDR82 group(transfected with 3 μg pWDR82),and shR-WDR82 group(transfected with 3 μg shR-WDR82).Post-transfection,we confirmed transfection efficiency at 48 hours using qRT-PCR and measured cell viability at the same time point with CCK-8 assay.Clone formation assay was employed to assess cell proliferation capacity after 14 days of transfection,while flow cytometry was utilized to analyze cell apoptosis after 48 hours of transfection.Additionally,Western blotting was conducted to determine the expression levels of proteins related to proliferation and Akt/mTOR signaling pathway after 48 hours of transfection.Finally,the effect of WDR82 on tumor growth in NOD-SCID mice was investigated using tumor carrying experiment in vivo.Results Analysis of WDR82 expression in glioma tissues using GEPIA and UALCAN databases,along with immunohistochemical staining,revealed significantly higher expression levels compared to normal and paracancerous tissues(P＜0.05).Additionally,WDR82 expression was not associated with gender or age of patients(P＞0.05).Kaplan-Meier plotter analysis indicated that elevated WDR82 expression correlated with a poor prognosis in glioma patients(log-rank P=0.029).Overexpression of WDR82 notably enhanced the proliferation and inhibited the apoptosis of A172 and U251 cells,and also significantly upregulated the expression of MKI67,BCL2,CCND1,p-Akt and p-mTOR in A172 and U251 cells(P＜0.05).Conversely,WDR82 knockdown had the opposite effects,inhibiting cell proliferation,increasing apoptosis and downregulating the expression of MKI67,BCL2,CCND1,p-Akt and p-mTOR(P＜0.05).WDR82 knockdown in U251 cells significantly inhibited tumor growth in NOD-SCID mice(P＜0.05).Conclusion High expression of WDR82 promotes the proliferation of glioma cells and the growth of tumors in vivo by regulating the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.

Objective To explore clinical effect of single small incision with honeycomb titanium plate in treating acute acromioclavicular dislocation.Methods The clinical data of 40 patients with acute acromioclavicular dislocation admitted from December 2019 to December 2021 were retrospectively analyzed and divided into two groups according to different surgical methods.Among them,20 patients were fixed with single small incision with honeycomb titanium plate(titanium plate group),including 11 males and 9 females,aged from 23 to 65 years old with an average of(47.40±12.58)years old;12 patients on the left side,8 patients on the right side;11 patients with type Ⅲ,3 patients with type Ⅳ,and 6 patients with type Ⅴ according to Rockwood classification.Twenty patients were fixed with clavicular hook plate(clavicular hook group),including 8 males and 12 females,aged from 24 to 65 years old with an average of(48.40±12.08)years old;12 patients on the left side,8 patients on the right side;10 patients with type Ⅲ,2 patients with type Ⅳ,and 8 patients with type V according to Rockwood classifica-tion.Operative time,incision length,intraoperative blood loss,hospital stay,visual analogue scale(VAS)and Constant-Murley score of shoulder joint function were compared between two groups.Anteroposterior radiographs of the affected shoulder joint were recorded before,immediately and 6 months after surgery,and the coracoclavicular distance was measured and compared.Results Both groups of patients were successfully completed operation without serious complications.All patients were fol-lowed up for 6 to 15 months with an average of(11.9±4.8)months.There were no incisional infection,internal plant fracture or failure,bone tunnel fracture and other complications occurred.The incision length of titanium plate group(35.90±3.14)mm was significantly shorter than that of clavicular hook group(49.30±3.79)mm(P＜0.05).There were no significant difference in operative time,intraoperative blood loss and hospital stay between two groups(P＞0.05).At 1 and 3 months after operation,VAS of titanium plate group was lower than that of clavicular hook group(P＜0.05).Connstant-Murley scores in titanium plate group at 1,3 and 6 months after operation were(86.80±1.36),(91.60±2.32)and(94.90±2.22),respectively;and in clavicular hook group were(78.45±5.47),(85.55±2.01)and(90.25±1.92),which were higher than that of clavicular hook group(P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in coracoclavicular distance between two groups immediately and 6 months after op-eration(P＞0.05).Conclusion For the treatment of acute acromioclavicular joint dislocation,single small incision combined with honeycomb titanium plate have advantages of shorter incision,fast recovery of shoulder joint function without the second operation,and has good satisfaction of patient.

Objective To explore the effectiveness and safety of percutaneous coronary artery shock wave balloon angioplasty(IVL)under the guidance of intravascular ultrasound(IVUS)for the treatment of severe calcification lesions in the left main artery(LM).Methods A total of 26 patients with severe LM(mouth,body,bifurcation)calcification admitted to Jiangnan University Affiliated Hospital from October 2022 to April 2024 were included,with an average age of 72.0(61.8,75.4)years.Under the guidance of IVUS,IVL was used for pre-treatment of calcified lesions,followed by percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI)with stent/drug balloon implantation.All patients were evaluated using IVUS before and after the use of IVL and after PCI.And compare the IVUS intracavity related data before and after treatment[plaque burden(PB)、minimum lumen area(MLA)、minimum lumen diameter(MLD)]and calcification fracture number,minimum stent area(MSA),stent expansion coefficient(expansion,EXP),etc.Results There were 26 patients(2 with opening lesions,7 with body lesions,and 17 with bifurcation lesions at the end of the main trunk),including 7 with stable angina pectoris(SAP),10 with unstable angina(UA),4 with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction(STEMI),and 5 with non ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction(NSTEMI).The PB at the most severe site of calcification decreased by 79.50(76.00,83.75)％compared to 80.00(76.00,83.75)％after IVL(P=0.001),MLA increased by 3.39(3.14,3.68)mm2 compared to 3.38(3.14,3.67)mm2 after IVL(P=0.039),MLD increased by 3.21(3.07,3.30)mm compared to 3.20(3.07,3.30)mm after IVL(P=0.024),and there was 100％calcification rupture(1/2 cases,2/9 cases,≥3/15 cases).The stent/drug ball was successfully implanted 100％,with EXP of(89.15±4.42)％and an MSA of 7.20(6.46,7.45)mm2.No adverse events such as death,angina or recurrent myocardial infarction occurred during the 3 months follow-up after surgery.Conclusions After evaluation by IVUS and pre-treatment with IVL,PCI was successfully completed for severe calcification lesions in LM,and IVL can be used as an option for the treatment of severe calcification in LM.

With the continuous development of evidence-based medicine, increasing attention has been paid to the construction of a large medical database to ensure a source of high quality real-world data. The Chinese Medical Association Colorectal Surgery Group created the Chinese Colorectal Cancer Surgery Database (CCCD), whose objective is to promote the development of colorectal surgery and improve patient prognosis with evidence-based medicine theory. Compared to major databases around the world, CCCD contains more comprehensive information on colorectal cancer surgical cases, recording the main epidemiological characteristics and detailed surgical information, but perioperative treatment data still need to be strengthened. It is necessary to continuously expand the coverage, enrich perioperative data and strengthen data, quality control. In the future, CCCD is expected to play a role in promoting homogenization of medical services, promoting smooth and effective graded diagnosis and treatment, giving full role to the characteristics of each center to achieve integrated development, and connecting real-world data and artificial intelligence.