Four pyrazines were isolated from the n-butanol fraction of Hypecoum erectum L. by using various chromatographic methods, including MCI gel, ODS, silica gel and semi-preparative HPLC. The structures of the isolated compounds were identified as hyperectpyrazin A (1), 1′S-(6-methylpyrazin-2-yl)-ethane-1′,2′-diol (2), 2-hydroxymethyl-6-methylpyrazin (3) and pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid (4) by spectroscopy methods (1D NMR, 2D NMR, UV, IR, MS, etc.). The absolute configuration of compound 2 was determined by using the Mo₂(OAc)₄ induced CD analysis for the first time. Compound 1 was a new compound, compounds 2-4 were isolated from H. erectum for the first time. Compounds 1-4 were evaluated for their inhibition against acetylcholinesterase and nitric oxide generation induced by lipopolysaccharide-RAW264.7 macrophage cells. At a concentration of 50 μmol·L^-1, compounds 2 and 4 displayed inhibitory effects on acetylcholinesterase with the inhibition rates of 44.40% and 43.99%, respectively.

Objective To explore clinical outcomes and bone resection of interlaminar fenestration decompression and u-nilateral biportal endoscopic(UBE)technique in treating lumbar disc herniation(LDH).Methods A retrospective study was performed on 105 patients with single-level LDH treated from December 2019 to December 2021.Fifty-four patients in UBE group,including 32 males and 22 females,aged from 18 to 50 years old with an average of(38.7±9.3)years old,were treated with UBE,29 patients withL4.5and 25 patients with L5S1.There were 51 patients in small fenestration group,including 27 males and 24 females,aged from 18 to 50 years old with an average of(39.9±10.0)years old,were treated with small fenestra-tion,25 patients with L4.5 and 26 patients with L5S1.Perioperative indexes,such as operation time,postoperative time of getting out of bed and hospital stay were observed and compared between two groups.Visual analogue scale(VAS)and Oswestry dis-ability index(ODI)were compared between two groups before operation and 1,3,6 and 12 months after operation,respective-ly;and modified MacNab evaluation criteria was used to evaluate clinical efficacy.Amount of bone resection and retention rate of inferior articular process laminoid complex were compared between two groups.Results All 105 patients were successfully completed operation.Both of two groups were followed up from 6 to 12 months with an average of(10.69±2.49)months.Oper-ation time,postoperative time of getting out of bed and hospital stay were(58.20±5.54)min,(2.40±0.57)dand(3.80±0.61)d in UBE group,and(62.90±7.14)min,(4.40±0.64)d and(4.40±0.64)d in small fenestrum group,respectively;and had sta-tistically difference between two groups(P＜0.05).Postoperative VAS of low back and leg pain and ODI in both groups were significantly lower than those before surgery(P＜0.05).VAS of lumbar pain in UBE group(1.37±0.49)score was lower than that of small fenestration group(2.45±0.64)score,and had statistically difference(t=9.745,P＜0.05).Postoperative ODI in UBE group at 1 and 3 months were(28.54±3.31)％and(22.87±3.23)％,respectively,which were lower than those in small fenestra group(36.31±9.08)％and(29.90±8.36)％,and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).There were no significant difference in VAS and ODI between two groups at other time points(P＞0.05).According to the modified MacNab evaluation criteria at the latest follow-up,49 patients got excellent result,3 good,and 2 fair in UBE group.In small fenestration group,35 patients got excellent,12 good,and 4 fair.In UBE group,amount of bone resection on L4,5 segment was(0.45±0.08)cm3 and(0.31±0.08)cm3 on the segment of L5S1.In small fenestration group,amount of bone resection on L4.5 segment was(0.57±0.07)cm3 and(0.49±0.04)cm3 on the segment of L5S1,and amount of bone resection of lower articular process laminar complex on the same segment in UBE group was less than that in small fenestration group(P＜0.05).In UBE group,retention rate of laminoid complex on L4,5 segment was(0.73±0.04)and L5S1 segment was(0.83±0.03),whileL4,5segment was(0.68± 0.06)and L5S1 segment was(0.74±0.04)in small fenestration group,the lower articular process laminar complex retention rate in UBE group was higher than that in small fenestration group(P＜0.05).Conclusion Both unilateral double-channel endoscopy and small fenestration of laminae could achieve good clinical results in treating LDH,but UBE has advantages of less trauma,higher eficiency,faster postoperative recovery and less damage to bone structure.

Humans ; Ulcer ; Brucellosis/complications* ; Aorta, Abdominal

Humans ; Ulcer ; Brucellosis/complications* ; Aorta, Abdominal

Purpose::To explore the effect of green channel for stroke patients on the treatment of severe aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.Methods::This is a retrospective case-control study. The clinical data of patients with severe aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage admitted to the emergency department of our hospital from January 2015 to June 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients diagnosed with subarachnoid hemorrhage, confirmed intracranial aneurysm by preoperative CT angiography or digital subtraction, graded Hunt-Hess grade III, IV, and V, < 72 h from the onset to the time of consultation received surgical treatment in our hospital were included in this study. Patients with serious underlying diseases, such as heart, liver, kidney diseases, or malignant tumors, traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage, previous history of cerebral hemorrhage, and incomplete data were excluded. The control group included patients with severe aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage admitted from January 2015 to December 2018 before the establishment of the green channel for stroke patients, and the observation group included patients with severe aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage admitted from January 2019 to June 2022 after the establishment of the green channel. The control group received routine treatment in the emergency department; the observation group received improved treatment of green channel for stroke patients. Gender, age, Hunt-Hess grade on admission, modified Rankin scale (mRS) on admission, aneurysm location, aneurysm size and whether accompanied by intracerebral hemorrhage, the time from onset to emergency department, the time from emergency department to vascular diagnostic examination, the time from onset to surgery, the time from emergency department to surgery, the time from hospital admission to surgery, length of hospital stay, complications, treatment effect were analyzed and compared between the 2 groups. SPSS 23.0 software was utilized to conduct comparisons between the 2 groups. The t-test, Chi-square test, or Mann-Whitney U test was chosen based on the data type. Statistical significance was established when p < 0.05. Results::A total of 71 patients were included in this study, of whom 37 were in the control group and 34 were in the observation group. There were no statistical differences in age, gender, Hunt-Hess grade, mRS scores, aneurysm location, aneurysm size, intracerebral hemorrhage, the time from onset to emergency department, length of hospital stay, complications between the observation group and the control group (all p > 0.05). The time (min) from visit to vascular diagnostic test (60.50 vs. 120.00, p =0.027), the time (min) from onset to surgery (1792.00 vs. 2868.00, p =0.023), the time (min) from emergency department to surgery (1568.50 vs. 2778.00, p =0.016), the time (min) from hospital admission to surgery (1188.50 vs. 2708.00, p =0.043), all of them were shorter in the observation group than those in the control group. The relative values of admission and 7-day postoperative mRS scores and the relative values of admission and discharge mRS scores ≥ 2 were used as the criteria for determining better efficacy, and the treatment effect was better than that in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (admission to 7 days postoperative mRS score ≥ 2, 17 (50.0 %) vs. 8 (21.6 %), p =0.012; admission to discharge mRS score ≥ 2, 19 (55.9 %) vs. 11 (29.7 %), p =0.026). Conclusion::The green channel for stroke patients with severe aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage can effectively shorten the time from arrival at the emergency department to vascular diagnostic examination and the time from the emergency department to surgery, and achieve a better therapeutic effect, which is worth popularizing and applying.

Hip fracture in the elderly is characterized by high incidence, high disability rate, and high mortality and has been recognized as a public health issue threatening their health. Surgery is the preferred choice for the treatment of elderly patients with hip fracture. However, lower extremity deep venous thrombosis (DVT) has an extremely high incidence rate during the perioperative period, and may significantly increase the risk of patients′ death once it progresses to pulmonary embolism. In response to this issue, the clinical guidelines and expert consensuses all emphasize active application of comprehensive preventive measures, including basic prevention, physical prevention, and pharmacological prevention. In this prevention system, basic prevention is the basis of physical and pharmacological prevention. However,there is a lack of unified and definite recommendations for basic preventive measures in clinical practice. To this end, the Orthopedic Nursing Professional Committee of the Chinese Nursing Association and Nursing Department of the Orthopedic Branch of the China International Exchange and Promotive Association for Medical and Health Care organized relevant nursing experts to formulate Expert consensus on perioperative basic prevention for lower extremity deep venous thrombosis in elderly patients with hip fracture ( version 2024) . A total of 10 recommendations were proposed, aiming to standardize the basic preventive measures for lower extremity DVT in elderly patients with hip fractures during the perioperative period and promote their subsequent rehabilitation.

Objective:To investigate the prevalence of hyperuricemia (HUA) in Bozidun Kirghiz township of Xinjiang Aksu region, and to explore the risk factors for the occurrence of HUA in the local area.Methods:A cross-sectional survey study was conducted by randomly selecting 9 villages in Bozidun Kirgiz Township by the whole-group sampling method and questionnaire were distributed to the households. The questionnaire included: demographic information, history of past illness, personal history, and all subjects were measured for height, weight, blood pressure, abdominal circumference, etc. The diagnostic of HUA if the serum uric acid (SUA) level >420 μmol/L in men or >360 μmol/L in women. The incidences of HUA in different age, sex, food type and life style behavior were analyzed. T test, non-parametric test and Chi-square test were used to analyze the differences among the groups, and logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors. Results:①A total of 2 138 subjects were surveyed, among which 68 patients were with HUA, the prevalence of HUA in Bozidun Kirghiz township, Aksu region in the general population was 3.18%(68/2 138); the prevalence rate in men was 4.60%(45/978), 45 patients were identified; and the prevalence rate in women was 1.98%(23/1 160), 23 patients were identified. The peak age of HUA in male and female patients was 51~60 years old. ②The prevalence of HUA was lower in those who consumed dairy products ( χ2=6.91, P=0.017), nuts ( χ2=8.43, P=0.038) and eggs ( χ2=7.38, P=0.023), and lower in those who consumed more. Different intake of cereals ( χ2=0.87, P=0.647), meat( χ2=0.82, P=0.662), vegetables and fruits( χ2=5.22, P=0.073) had no effect on the prevalence of HUA.③In terms of different life behaviors, the prevalence of HUA in men who had been smoking was higher than those who had never smoked (57.78%, 28.89%, 13.33%, χ2=8.16, P=0.017). In the relationship between drinking and HUA, the prevalence rates of male always drinking, ever drinking and never drinking were 80.00%, 11.11% and 3.89%, respectively, the difference was statistically significant ( χ2=6.67, P=0.038). ④Multi-factor logistic regression analysis showed that high BMI, old age, high TG, increased Cr and increased WBC were risk factors for the occurrence of HUA [ OR(95% CI)=1.13(1.04, 1.23), 1.03(1.00,1.05),1.39(1.00, 1.93), 1.03(1.02, 1.05), 1.27(1.07, 1.49), all P<0.05]. Conclusion:The prevalence of HUA in Bozidun Kirgiz township in Aksu prefecture of Xinjiang is lower than that in other areas with continental climate. High BMI, old age, high TG, increased Cr and increased WBC count are risk factors for the development of HUA .

Skeletal muscle aging is a biological process that occurs as the body ages,characterized by mass loss and functional decline.The involvement of metallomics,particularly copper metallomics,is pivotal in understanding its functional roles.Copper metallomics manifests as copper overload with aging.It triggers toxic effects that activate apoptosis,pyroptosis,ferroptosis,cuproptosis and also promote α-sy-nuclein aggregation.The related signaling cascades can eventually promote metabolic turbulence and the loss of proteins,mitochondria,satellite cells and other cell contents in senescent myofibers,while cau-sing the degeneration and abnormality of neuromuscular junctions.This is a new physiopathgical mecha-nism of aging-related atrophy in skeletal muscles.Here we firstly review the molecular biological functions of copper in the regulatory networks of aging-related atrophy for skeletal muscles,the potential mecha-nisms of copper overload in senescent skeletal muscles,and the novel role of multiple signaling transduc-tion pathways associated with copper overload-induced cell death modes comprising apoptosis,pyroptosis,ferroptosis and cuproptosis in aging-related atrophy for skeletal muscles.We aim to provide potential mo-lecular targets and option choices for clinically applying copper chelation to improve and treat aging-relat-ed atrophy in skeletal muscles.

In industrial production,the expression level of drug proteins in Chinese hamster ovary cells(CHO)is influenced by many factors:the regulatory elements on transcription and translation,the ge-nomic integration sites,and the expression system.Transcription,as the first step of gene expression,largely affects protein expression,and the promoter plays a crucial role in the initiation of transcription.Most of the promoters were screened through transient transfection or random integration,but the presence of unclear copy number or random integration sites makes it difficult to accurately evaluate the promoter activity.To some extent,site-specific integration can reduce the impact of positional effects on exogenous genes and may potentially increase the expression level of exogenous genes.In the early stage of our re-search,multiple sites that can stably express exogenous proteins were identified and verified in the CHO cell genome.In this study,one of these sites(2c6)was selected for the evaluation of promoter activity.The CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technique was used to site-specifically integrate the reporter gene(EG-FP)regulated by the simian virus early promoter(SV40),mouse elongation factor-1α(mEF-1α),chicken β-actin(cACTB)promoter,and human phosphoglycerate kinase promoter(hPGK)into the 2c6 site,respectively.The mean fluorescence intensity of the cells was analyzed by flow cytometry,and the mRNA level of EGFP was detected by qPCR to comprehensively evaluate the activity of the promoter.The results showed that the activities of the mEF-1α and mACTB promoters were better than those of SV40 and hPGK.The results of the secondary flow cytometry sorting showed that site-specific integration can more accurately evaluate the activity of the promoter in the CHO cell expression system.

OBJECTIVES: To study the efficacy and safety of repeated application of rituximab (RTX) at a low dose (200 mg/m²) versus the recommended dose (375 mg/m²) for remission maintenance in frequently relapsing nephrotic syndrome (FRNS) or steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome (SDNS). METHODS: A randomized controlled trial was conducted for 29 children with FRNS/SDNS who received systemic treatment in the Department of Nephrology, Anhui Provincial Children's Hospital, from September 2020 to December 2021. These children were divided into a recommended dose group (n=14) and a low dose group (n=15) using a random number table. The two groups were compared in terms of general characteristics, changes in CD19 expression after RTX treatment, number of relapses, glucocorticoid dose, adverse reactions of RTX, and hospital costs. RESULTS: After RTX treatment, both the low dose group and the recommended dose group achieved B-lymphocyte depletion and had significant reductions in the number of relapses and glucocorticoid dose (P<0.05). The low dose group had a comparable clinical effect to the recommended dose group after RTX treatment (P>0.05), and the low dose group had a significant reduction in hospital costs for the second, third, and fourth times of hospitalization (P<0.05). There were no serious adverse reactions in either group during RTX treatment and late follow-up, and there was no significant difference in adverse reactions between the two groups (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS Repeated RTX treatment at a low dose has comparable clinical efficacy and safety to that at the recommended dose and can significantly reduce the number of FRNS/SDNS relapses and the amount of glucocorticoids used, with little adverse effect throughout the treatment cycle. Therefore, it holds promise for clinical application.
Humans ; Child ; Nephrotic Syndrome/drug therapy* ; Rituximab/adverse effects* ; Glucocorticoids/adverse effects* ; Prospective Studies ; Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing