Objective:To assess the effectiveness of a 6-month Ba Duan Jin exercise program in improving the balance of community-dwelling older adults.Methods:A two arms, parallel-group, cluster randomized controlled trial was conducted in 1 028 community residents aged 60-80 years in 40 communities in 5 provinces of China. Participants in the intervention group (20 communities, 523 people) received Ba Duan Jin exercise 5 days/week, 1 hour/day for 6 months, and three times of falls prevention health education, and the control group (20 communities, 505 people) received falls prevention health education same as the intervention group. The Berg balance scale (BBS) score was the leading outcome indicator, and the secondary outcome indicators included the length of time of standing on one foot (with eyes open and closed), standing in a tandem stance (with eyes open and closed), the closed circle test, and the timed up to test.Results:A total of 1 028 participants were included in the final analysis, including 731 women (71.11%) and 297 men (28.89%), and the age was (69.87±5.67) years. After the 3-month intervention, compared with the baseline data, the BBS score of the intervention group was significantly higher than the control group by 3.05 (95% CI: 2.23-3.88) points ( P<0.001). After the 6-month intervention, compared with the baseline data, the BBS score of the intervention group was significantly higher than the control group by 4.70 (95% CI: 4.03-5.37) points ( P<0.001). Ba Duan Jin showed significant improvement ( P<0.05) in all secondary outcomes after 6 months of exercise in the intervention group compared with the control group. Conclusions:This study showed that Ba Duan Jin exercise can improve balance in community-dwelling older adults aged 60-80. The longer the exercise time, the better the improvement.

Objective: To analyze the characteristics distribution of falls among students aged 6-17 in 2018, and to provide data support for preventing falls among students and formulating the corresponding policies. Methods: Data of falls among students aged 6-17 in China in 2018 were collected from the the National Injury Surveillance System (NISS) for analyzing its demographic characteristics, injury occurrence and clinical traits of falling. Results: In total, 42 735 cases of fall aged 6-17 were collected from the NISS in China in 2018, which accounted for 54.03% of all cases, with a sex ratio of 2.34∶1, the proportion of students aged 6-11 was the highest(53.78%). The proportion of falls from March to June was the highest(42.12%), and the peak time when falls occurred was forenoon 10:00-10:59(8.40%). School and school-related area(40.40%), home(18.96%) and public residential institution (15.35%) were the sites where falls mainly occurred. The top three activities when falls occurred were leisure activities(47.41%), sports activities(23.90%) and walking(9.77%). Bruise/scrape(54.49%), sprain/strain(21.98%) and fracture(12.69%) were the major nature of injury. The most common body parts falls involved were lower limbs(34.71%), head(29.85%) and upper limbs(25.10%). The injury of falling was mainly characterized by mild ones(83.44%). Conclusion There were more cases of falls on students aged 6-17 from the NISS in China in 2018, mainly males. The epidemiological characteristics were relatively variable, so targeted prevention program of falls should be conducted.

Objective:To landscape the contents, similarities, and differences of the objectives and strategies for unintentional injury prevention and control in the national and 31 provincial Children's Development Outlines from 2011 to 2020, and propose relevant suggestions.Methods:The content analysis method was used to extract, encode and classify the objective and strategy text of unintentional injury in all Children's Development Outlines and construct the theme of strategy text combined with the '5E' Injury Prevention Framework. Taking the national Children's Development Outline as the benchmark, the relevant contents of 31 provincial Children's Development Outlines in the same period were compared.Results:All Children's Development Outlines took child injury prevention and control as the primary objective set in health, environment, and safety. The national and most provincial Children's Development Outlines set this goal in health, while others put it in environment or safety. Reducing injury-induced death, disability and occurrence were designated as the main content in the objective of child injury prevention and control. However, there were no quantitative requirements for injury occurrence and disability in all the provincial outlines. The themes of unintentional injury prevention and control strategies in all Children's Development Outlines could be divided into the mechanism, law enforcement, education, environment, engineering, first aid, assessment, and economic strategies. Mechanism strategy was the primary domain, followed by law enforcement, education, environment, and engineering strategies, but less attention was put on first aid, assessment, and economic strategies. The unintentional injury prevention and control strategy in the provincial Children's Development Outlines was mainly based on the national outline. Still, it also varied with some emphasis and refinement in different items among all the provinces.Conclusions:Children's Development Outline is a vital policy guarantee for implementing child injury prevention and control work. Developing a system involving good primary data, mechanisms and strategies, law enforcement, and environmental and engineering-related strategies for more common types of child injuries has been attached to great importance. Actively carrying out assessments and encouraging the adoption of more economical strategies could further enrich and improve the unintentional injury prevention and control in Children's Development Outline and promote the progress of related work in China.

Objective:To investigate the incidence of injuries among children aged 0-17 years from 28 counties in six provinces.Methods:According to the earlier study on data in different local areas and the current work plan, we selected the survey objects for a general survey on child injury prevalence in the last 12 months. The subjects included guardians of children who did not attend kindergartens, children from kindergartens, and primary school grades 1-3. Children from grades 4-6 primary school, junior high school, and senior high school were also included.Results:The overall rate of injured children was 4.83%, with the incidence of injuries as 5.75% in the last 12 months before the survey. Both the rate of injured children and incidence of injuries were higher in boys than that in girls. Children whose primary caregivers were relatives, grandparents, minors, or with an education level below the primary school had a relatively higher rate of both injured children and incidence of injuries. The first cause of child injury was fall. The time of child injury was mainly from June to October, mainly at home, with the main activity as playing. The significant injuries in children were contusion and abrasion, and the main parts injured were lower limbs, upper limbs, and head. Most of the injuries were cured, and the primary treatment was outpatient and emergency treatment.Conclusions:Boys and children whose parents can not take care of are the priority population for child injury prevention and control. Targeted prevention and control measures should be implemented according to the characteristics of injuries among children of different ages.

Objective:To understand the epidemiological characteristic and influencing factors of animal injuries among children from 28 counties/districts in 6 provinces of China to provide evidence for formulating related prevention measures and strategies.Methods:Data was obtained from 'Children injury prevention project, 2016-2020'. Variables on the characteristics, including incidence, locations, related activities, time, and outcomes among children, were described. The negative binomial regression model analyzed animal injury frequency influencing factors.Results:There were 107 029 boys and 97 599 girls, with a gender ratio of 1.10, among the 204 628 children aged 0-17 in 28 counties/districts in 6 provinces of China. Per-person and per-time incidence rates of animal injuries were 0.70% and 0.72%, both higher in boys than in girls. Animal injuries among children mainly occurred in home (73.20%), road/street (7.51%), and open space of community/village (6.77%), during playing (63.15%), with the peak time between 12:01-18:00 (45.03%). Upper limbs (47.89%), lower limbs (35.31%), and head (8.44%) were the most injured body parts. Outpatient or emergency treatment (85.19%) had been carried out. The negative binomial regression showed that sex, grade, guardian educational level, urban or rural, and daily communication between guardians and children as influencing factors in the frequency of animal injuries among children.Conclusions:Special attention should be given to boys, at home, in projects on animal injury prevention and control. There were many influencing factors of animal injury frequency. Knowledge of injury prevention should be popularized to children and guardians. Related comprehensive intervention should be developed in families, schools, and social settings.

Objective:To investigate the incidence of traffic injuries among children aged 0-17 years in 28 counties of 6 provinces and to provide prevention suggestions.Methods:Using the general survey method, a questionnaire survey was conducted on the road traffic injuries of children in 28 counties of 6 provinces in 2017.Results:A total of 204 628 students were surveyed, 908 of whom had experiences of road traffic injuries. Road traffic injuries were 0.44% among children in 28 counties of 6 provinces in China and 0.94% among children who did not attend kindergartens. July is a high incidence period of road traffic injuries among children (12.92%). When children suffer from road traffic injuries, the first three activities were playing (21.61%), riding an electric bicycle (20.40%), walking (20.07%). Most injuries appeared as contusion/abrasion, accounting for 42.26% of the total cases. The injured parts were mainly lower limbs, upper limbs, and heads, accounting for 38.85%, 23.29%, and 20.20%. Most children with road traffic injuries recovered after related treatments, accounting for 85.43% of all cases. The median length of hospital stay of children with road traffic injuries was seven days, and the median expense in hospitals was 3 000 Yuan (RMB).Conclusions:The incidence of road traffic injuries among males appeared higher than females, and the children who did not attend the kindergartens were the highest. During playing, riding an electric bicycle and walking were the top three activities prone to road traffic injuries.

Objective:To understand the epidemiologic characteristics of fall in people aged 60 years and above in China from 2015 to 2018, and provide basis for the prevention of fall in old people and the development of related policies.Methods:Descriptive analysis was conducted on general information, injury occurrence information and injury clinical characteristics of fall cases in people aged 60 years and above by using the data from Chinese National Injury Surveillance System(NISS).Results:A total of 205 670 fall cases were reported to NISS from 2015 to 2018 with the male to female ratio of 1.37. Falls mainly occurred during 10:00-10:59 am (11.91%). The top three places where fall might occur were home (56.41%), road (17.24%) and public residence (14.36%). Leisure activity(37.56%), housework (24.20%) and walk (15.07%) were top three activities in which fall occurred. Bruise/scrape (42.17%), fracture (31.79%) and sprain/strain (14.62%) were the major injuries. The most common body parts involved were low limbs (31.38%), head (22.46%) and truncus(20.71%). Moderate and severe injuries accounted for 37.21% of all cases, and 22.49% of the elderly seeking medical care due to fall required hospitalization.Conclusions:The number of fall in people aged 60 years and above increased from 2015 to 2018. The elderly is a key population in the prevention and control of fall.

Objective: To understand the epidemiologic characteristics of injury among children aged 0-5 years in 2018, and to provide evidence for prevention and control measures of injury in children. Methods: Data of injury in children aged 0-5 years in China in 2018 were collected from National Injury Surveillance System (NISS) for the descriptive epidemiologic analysis. Results: A total of 74 355 injury cases were reported in children aged 0-5 years in 2018, with the gender ratio of 0.66, in which 98.13% were unintentional injuries. The top three causes of injury were falls (56.76%), blunt injuries (9.80%) and animal related injuries (7.81%). Injuries mainly occurred during 17:00—20:59 (32.09%) and 10:00—11:59 (13.95%). The top three places where injuries might occur were home (65.70%), public residence (13.06%), highway/street (10.94%). Recreational activities (64.21%), basic life activities (16.93%) and walking (5.66%) were the main activities when injuries occurred. Of all injury cases, most were mild, while 13.73% of cases were moderate or severe. Head, upper limb and lower limb were main injuries sites, which accounted for 49.44%, 28.59% and 11.70% of all cases respectively. Conclusion Injury is an important cause for children aged 0-5 years to go to the outpatient/emergency department for treatment, indicating that the prevention of injury in such age group should be strengthened. It is recommended to further improve the data collection on child injury in order to provide more evidence for child injury intervention.

Objective: To understand the epidemiology characteristics of child injury aged 6-17. Data was from the National Injury Surveillance System (NISS) and the results of the study would provide corresponding intervention strategies and decision-making for child injury prevention. Methods: Descriptive analysis was applied to depict the general information, injury event and clinical characteristics of child injury aged 6-17 from 2015 to 2018. Results: A total of 331 663 child injury cases aged 6-17 were reported, with the male and female ratio appeared as 2.19∶1. 15:00-18:59 was the peak time of injury cases from 2015 to 2018. The majority of the injuries occurred unintentional(94.85%). The top three causes of injury cases were falling(51.38%), blunt injury (12.50%)and road traffic injury(11.27%). The injuries occurred mainly at home(28.23%), in schools/public places (27.70%) and on the road/street(20.35%). The main activities were leisure activities (46.67%) and sports activities(14.36%). 49.06% cases were bruise. 31.18% of the injury involved with head, but 83.32% of injuries were minor, while 90.05% left hospital after the treatment. Conclusion Falls, blunt injury and road traffic injury are the key causes of children aged 6-17 to go to the outpatient /emergency department for treatment. Prevention and control should be carried out according to the epidemic characteristics of injuries among children of different genders and ages.

Injury is an important public health problem that threatening children’s health. Researches have been carried out to prevent child injuries in China. Disease burden on injury for children have been moderated, but remained as the first cause of death in Chinese children, so injury prevention among children should still be treated as priority to promote children’s health. It is necessary to establish and improve strategies in injury prevention which should be led by the government and correlated institutes, as to carry out a systematic, comprehensive and scientific system for children injury prevention and control. In order to reduce children’s injuries and promote children’s health, relevant policies and regulations should base on "Healthy China 2030" to formulate and implement action plans, to carry out practice and scientific research on children injury prevention, and to strengthen the team construction and talent training on this issue.