Objective:To explore the mediating effect of professional self-efficacy between professional values and willingness to work on gerontological care of nursing students in higher vocational colleges.Methods:A total of 391 nursing students from Chengdu area full-time university were investigated by general information questionnaire, gerontological nursing career motivation questionnaire, professional values scale, and professional self-efficacy scale. Pearson correlation analysis and descriptive statistical analysis were performed by SPSS 21.0. Amos 26.0 was used to establish mediating effect model and verify the mediating effect.Results:The total score of 391 nursing students' willingness to work on gerontological care was (47.05±6.93), the willingness to work on gerontological care was positively correlated with professional self-efficacy and professional values ( r = 0.826, 0.775, respectively, all P<0.01), and professional self-efficacy played a partial mediating role between professional values and willingness to work on gerontological care, accounting for 64.82% of the total effect. Conclusions:The willingness to work on gerontological care of nursing students in higher vocational colleges is at a middle level. Professional values not only directly affect the willingness to work on gerontological care, but also indirectly take function through the professional self-efficacy. Professional self-efficacy plays a mediating role in professional values and willingness to work on gerontological care of nursing students in higher vocational colleges.

Capsular warning syndrome (CWS) is a rare clinical syndrome characterized by recurrent and transient episodes of focal neurological deficits. Patients with CWS are at high risk of developing infarction. However, the exact physiological mechanism of CWS remains unclear. This paper presents an imaging assessment of penetrating arteries in the context of CWS using advanced time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography and high resolution magnetic resonance imaging. This case reveals atherosclerosis of the lenticulostriate artery as a potential etiological factor contributing to CWS.

Cerebral small vessel disease （CSVD） is a common cause of vascular dementia and has various etiologies， among which hypertension is the most common risk factor and can induce the disease by damaging the neurovascular glial unit. The process of CSVD leading to cognitive impairment is mainly associated with the disruption of cerebral network connections due to the destruction of cerebral white matter fibers， as well as secondary cortical atrophy and thinning； however， with the discovery of the glymphatic system in recent years， cognitive impairment associated with β-amyloid clearance dysfunction has been considered a new mechanism. The clearance function of the glymphatic system reaches the peak during sleep due to circadian rhythm. Previous studies on the association between CSVD and circadian rhythm have shown that CSVD patients often experience sleep disorders， which is a specific manifestation of circadian rhythm disorders. Such disorders are often neglected， which can lead to a reduction in the function of the glymphatic system in β-amyloid clearance， thereby aggravating cognitive impairment in patients. However， there is still a lack of in-depth studies on the association between the circadian rhythm disorders of the glymphatic system and cognitive impairment in CSVD. This article reviews the studies on sleep rhythm disorders， dysfunction of the glymphatic system， and their influence on cognitive impairment in CSVD.

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of the central government-funded echinococcosis control programme in Tianzhu Tibetan Autonomous County, Gansu Province from 2007 to 2022, so as to provide insights into echinococcosis control. Methods Administrative villages were sampled using a multi-stage cluster random sampling method from Tianzhu Tibetan Autonomous County, Gansu Province from 2007 to 2022, and all residents at ages of 12 years and older in the sampled villages were screened for echinococcosis, and schools were sampled using a cluster sampling method, and all children at ages of 12 years and older in the sampled schools were screened for echinococcosis. Domestic dogs were sampled using a systematic random sampling method, and one domestic dog stool sample was collected from each household. Stray dog stool samples were collected outside the villages, and Echinococcus coproantigens were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in domestic and stray dogs. In addition, echinococcosis was screened in sheep and cattle in designated slaughterhouses in Tianzhu Tibetan Autonomous County. The trends in the prevalence of echinococcosis in humans and livestock and the positive rate of Echinococcus coproantigens in dogs were examined with the Cochran-Armitage trend test. In addition, individuals screened for echinococcosis were randomly sampled from 2007 to 2022 for survey on the awareness of echinococcosis control knowledge. Results A total of 290 356 person-times were screened for echinococcosis among residents at ages of 12 years and older in Tianzhu Tibetan Autonomous County, Gansu Province from 2007 to 2022, with 1 094 residents detected with cystic echinococcosis, and the detection of echinococcosis appeared a tendency towards a gradual decline over years (χ² = 358.602, P < 0.001). A total of 32 931 person-times were screened for echinococcosis among children at ages of 12 years and older in Tianzhu Tibetan Autonomous County, Gansu Province from 2007 to 2022, with 296 children detected with echinococcosis, and the detection of echinococcosis appeared a tendency towards a gradual decline over years (χ² = 267.673, P < 0.001). A total of 33 230 domestic dog stool samples were tested for Echinococcus coproantigens in Tianzhu Tibetan Autonomous County, Gansu Province from 2007 to 2022, with 1 777 Echinococcus coproantigens-positive samples tested, and the positive rate of Echinococcus coproantigens appeared a tendency towards a decline in domestic dogs over years (χ² = 2 210.428, P < 0.001), while the positive rate of Echinococcus coproantigens showed a tendency towards a rise in domestic animals from 2016 to 2022 (χ² = 37.745, P < 0.001). The positive rate of Echinococcus coproantigens remained relatively stable in stray dogs in Tianzhu Tibetan Autonomous County, Gansu Province from 2019 to 2022 (χ² = 0.315, P = 0.575). A total of 10 973 sheep were screened for echinococcosis in Tianzhu Tibetan Autonomous County from 2007 to 2022, with 334 sheep detected with echinococcosis, and the detection of echinococcosis appeared a tendency towards a decline in sheep over years (χ² = 53.579, P < 0.001); however, there was no significant change in the detection of echinococcosis during the period from 2015 through 2022 (χ² = 1.520, P = 0.218). A total of 2 400 cattle were screened for echinococcosis in Tianzhu Tibetan Autonomous County from 2017 to 2022, with 231 cattle detected with echinococcosis, and the detection of echinococcosis showed a tendency towards a decline over years (χ² = 5.579, P < 0.05). The awareness of echinococcosis control knowledge increased from 44.37% in 2007 to 94.00% in 2022 among residents at ages of 12 years and older and from 52.50% in 2007 to 92.50% in 2022 among children at ages of 12 years and older in Tianzhu Tibetan Autonomous County, respectively. Conclusions There has been a reduction in the detection of echinococcosis in humans and domestic animals and the positive rate of Echinococcus coproantigens in dogs and a rise in the awareness of the echinococcosis control knowledge following the implementation of the central government-funded echinococcosis control programme in Tianzhu Tibetan Autonomous County, Gansu Province; however, integrated echinococcosis control measures are still required for further control of the prevalence of echinococcosis.

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a critical role in the regulation of atherosclerosis. Here, we investigated the role of the lncRNA growth arrest-specific 5 (lncR-GAS5) in atherogenesis. We found that the enforced expression of lncR-GAS5 contributed to the development of atherosclerosis, which presented as increased plaque size and reduced collagen content. Moreover, impaired autophagy was observed, as shown by a decreased LC3II/LC3I protein ratio and an elevated P62 level in lncR-GAS5-overexpressing human aortic endothelial cells. By contrast, lncR-GAS5 knockdown promoted autophagy. Moreover, serine/arginine-rich splicing factor 10 (SRSF10) knockdown increased the LC3II/LC3I ratio and decreased the P62 level, thus enhancing the formation of autophagic vacuoles, autolysosomes, and autophagosomes. Mechanistically, lncR-GAS5 regulated the downstream splicing factor SRSF10 to impair autophagy in the endothelium, which was reversed by the knockdown of SRSF10. Further results revealed that overexpression of the lncR-GAS5-targeted gene miR-193-5p promoted autophagy and autophagic vacuole accumulation by repressing its direct target gene, SRSF10. Notably, miR-193-5p overexpression decreased plaque size and increased collagen content. Altogether, these findings demonstrate that lncR-GAS5 partially contributes to atherogenesis and plaque instability by impairing endothelial autophagy. In conclusion, lncR-GAS5 overexpression arrested endothelial autophagy through the miR-193-5p/SRSF10 signaling pathway. Thus, miR-193-5p/SRSF10 may serve as a novel treatment target for atherosclerosis.
Humans ; Atherosclerosis/genetics* ; Autophagy/genetics* ; Cell Cycle Proteins/metabolism* ; Endothelial Cells/metabolism* ; Endothelium/metabolism* ; MicroRNAs/metabolism* ; Repressor Proteins/metabolism* ; RNA Splicing Factors ; Serine-Arginine Splicing Factors/genetics* ; RNA, Long Noncoding/metabolism*

The Omicron family of SARS-CoV-2 variants are currently driving the COVID-19 pandemic. Here we analyzed the clinical laboratory test results of 9911 Omicron BA.2.2 sublineages-infected symptomatic patients without earlier infection histories during a SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in Shanghai in spring 2022. Compared to an earlier patient cohort infected by SARS-CoV-2 prototype strains in 2020, BA.2.2 infection led to distinct fluctuations of pathophysiological markers in the peripheral blood. In particular, severe/critical cases of COVID-19 post BA.2.2 infection were associated with less pro-inflammatory macrophage activation and stronger interferon alpha response in the bronchoalveolar microenvironment. Importantly, the abnormal biomarkers were significantly subdued in individuals who had been immunized by 2 or 3 doses of SARS-CoV-2 prototype-inactivated vaccines, supporting the estimation of an overall 96.02% of protection rate against severe/critical disease in the 4854 cases in our BA.2.2 patient cohort with traceable vaccination records. Furthermore, even though age was a critical risk factor of the severity of COVID-19 post BA.2.2 infection, vaccination-elicited protection against severe/critical COVID-19 reached 90.15% in patients aged ≽ 60 years old. Together, our study delineates the pathophysiological features of Omicron BA.2.2 sublineages and demonstrates significant protection conferred by prior prototype-based inactivated vaccines.
Humans ; Aged ; Middle Aged ; COVID-19/prevention & control* ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Pandemics/prevention & control* ; China/epidemiology* ; Disease Outbreaks/prevention & control* ; Vaccination

The long-circulating effect is revisited by simultaneous monitoring of the drug payloads and nanocarriers following intravenous administration of doxorubicin (DOX)-loaded methoxy polyethylene glycol-polycaprolactone (mPEG-PCL) nanoparticles. Comparison of the kinetic profiles of both DOX and nanocarriers verifies the long-circulating effect, though of limited degree, as a result of pegylation. The nanocarrier profiles display fast clearance from the blood despite dense PEG decoration; DOX is cleared faster than the nanocarriers. The nanocarriers circulate longer than DOX in the blood, suggesting possible leakage of DOX from the nanocarriers. Hepatic accumulation is the highest among all organs and tissues investigated, which however is reversely proportionate to blood circulation time. Pegylation and reduction in particle size prove to extend circulation of drug nanocarriers in the blood with simultaneous decrease in uptake by various organs of the mononuclear phagocytic system. It is concluded that the long-circulating effect of mPEG-PCL nanoparticles is reconfirmed by monitoring of either DOX or the nanocarriers, but the faster clearance of DOX suggests possible leakage of a fraction of the payloads. The findings of this study are of potential translational significance in design of nanocarriers towards optimization of both therapeutic and toxic effects.

Depression is a common psychiatric symptom in cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD), which has a certain relationship with impairment of cognitive function and can significantly increase the mortality and morbidity of CSVD patients. The occurrence of CVSD-associated depression is less related to psychological stress, but is associated with the impairment of the brain's emotional circuit. This article reviewed the correlation between the imaging features of CVSD and the occurrence and development of depression in recent years, and the neuroimaging mechanism of depression associated with CVSD. Many literatures have shown that deep white matter hyperintensities and asymptomatic lacunar infarction in the basal ganglia are independent risk factors for depression in CSVD, and the reduction of local brain volume is associated with depression. The neuroimaging mechanism of depression associated with CSVD suggests that the occurrence of depressive symptoms is related to the neural circuits in the lobar cortex-subcortical limbic area. These findings provide clues for exploring the neuropathological mechanisms and specific treatment methods of depression associated with CVSD.

OBJECTIVE：To explore th e applicatio n of team situatio nal simulation education and teaching mode in clinical pharmacy teaching. METHODS ：A total of 60 clinical pharmacy interns were selected as the research objects ，and course disease was type 2 diabetes mellitus. Thirty interns were randomly selected as control group ，using traditional teaching mode ；other 30 interns were selected as trial group ，which carried out team situational simulation education and teaching mode. The teaching effects were evaluated by using the satisfaction of interns to the two modes ，the comprehensive score of graduation examination and the self-evaluation of learning effect. RESULTS ：Compared with traditional teaching mode ，team situational simulation education and teaching mode was conducive to stimulate the learning interest of interns ，improve their interpersonal communication ability ， cultivate teamwork spirit ，improve the awareness of humanistic care ，and cultivate the professional attitude of clinical pharmacists （P＜0.05）. Compared with control group ，the comprehensive score of trial group was dominantly increased （P＜0.001），and the scores of professional quality ，humanistic care and communication skills in the trial group were significantly higher than control group（P＜0.01）. In terms of self-evaluation of learning effect ，except for the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes and the commonly used treatment regimens ，the self-evaluation scores of the other items in trial group were significantly higher than control group （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. CONCLUSIONS ：Team situational simulation education and teaching mode is superior to traditional teaching mode for clinical pharmacy teaching.

Cerebral venous thrombosis is a rare type of cerebrovascular diseases. Its etiology and risk factors are different from those of cerebral artery occlusive disease, which are mainly related to prethrombotic state caused by various reasons. The clinical symptoms are complex and diverse, lacking of characteristic manifestations. Neuroimaging examination is the main basis for the diagnosis. Magnetic resonance imaging/magnetic resonance venography is the best way to diagnose the disease and follow-up the patients′ condition. At present, the management of the disease is mainly aimed at etiology treatment and vascular recanalization treatment, of which anticoagulation is the most important means, and there is still a lack of recognized effective measures in prevention.