AIM: To investigate the changes of retinal nerve fiber layer(RNFL)thickness, retinal thickness and blood flow density in different stages of diabetic retinopathy(DR)patients based on optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA).METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 382 patients(382 eyes)diagnosed with DR in our hospital from February 2023 to February 2024. According to the staging criteria, the patients were divided into mild group(n=121), moderate group(n=133), severe group(n=72), and proliferative group(n=56). The general clinical data of the four groups of patients was compared; OCTA was used to scan and collect data from all patients, and the RNFL thickness, retinal thickness, and blood flow density were compared among the four groups of patients.RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference in age, gender, hypertension, chronic kidney disease, and random blood glucose among patients in the mild, moderate, severe, and proliferative groups(all P>0.05). As the stage of DR worsened, the duration of the disease gradually prolonged(P<0.05). The thickness of the RNFL(superior, inferior, temporal, nasal, and average thickness)and retinal thickness significantly increased with the severity of DR(all P<0.001); however, there was no statistically significant difference in inferior RNFL thickness between the moderate and mild groups(P>0.05). The blood flow density in the superficial and deep retinal layers, as well as in the choroidal capillary layer, significantly decreased with the progression of DR(all P<0.05). Nevertheless, there was no statistically significant difference in superficial retinal blood flow density between the moderate and severe groups(P>0.05).CONCLUSION: OCTA can accurately observe the changes in RNFL thickness, retinal thickness, and blood flow density in patients with DR at different stages, which can serve as sensitive indicators for monitoring DR progression.

Background Due to the unique working environment and numerous occupational disease hazards, workers in mining industry are particularly susceptible to psychological problems such as occupational stress. Objective To understand the current status of occupational stress, depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms and sleep quality of workers in ferrous and non-ferrous metal mining industry in Gansu Province, and to explore the effects of occupational stress on depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and sleep. Methods From April to December 2022, the workers of 25 large, medium, and small and micro enterprises were selected by stratified cluster random sampling and surveyed in ferrous and non-ferrous metal mining industry in Gansu Province. The Occupational Health Literacy Questionnaire of National Key Population, Core Occupational Stress Scale, Patient Health Questionnaire-q, Generalized Anxiety Disorder, and Self-administer Sleep Questionnaire were used to collect basic information, occupational stress, depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and sleep quality of the workers. Chi-square test was used to compare occupational stress, depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms and sleep disorders among different categories. Logistic regression model was used to study the effects of occupational stress on depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and sleep quality. Results In this study, 2192 workers in mining industry were surveyed, of which 2087 returned valid questionnaires, and the recovery rate of valid questionnaires was 95.2%. Among them, 728 (38.4%) reported occupational stress. There were statistically significant differences in the positive rate of occupational stress among workers by gender, age, marital status, education level, average monthly income, length of service, enterprise size, and night shifts (P<0.001). The positive rates of depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and sleep disorders in the mining industry workers were 85.6%, 49.8%, and 47.3%, respectively. The positive rates of depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and sleep disorders among workers with higher occupational stress were higher than those among workers without occupational stress (P<0.001). The logistic regression analysis showed that occupational stress was a common risk factor for depressive symptoms (OR=3.29, 95%CI: 2.26, 4.79), anxiety symptoms (OR=2.87, 95%CI: 2.33, 3.53), and sleep disorder (OR=1.78, 95%CI: 1.46, 2.16). In addition, length of service and enterprise-scale were also risk factors for depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and sleep disorders. In the 5−<10 and 10−<20 years of service groups, the risks of reporting depressive symptoms were 1.80 (95%CI: 1.18, 2.74) and 1.73 (95%CI: 1.10, 2.71) times higher than that of workers with less than 1 year of service, respectively; the risks of reporting anxiety symptoms were 1.98 (95%CI: 1.42, 2.76) and 2.11 (95%CI: 1.48, 3.01) times higher than that with less than 1 year of service, respectively; the risks of reporting sleep disorders were 1.58 (95%CI: 1.15, 2.16) and 1.78 (95%CI: 1.29, 2.45) times higher than that with less than 1 year of service, respectively. Workers in large enterprises were inclined to report more depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and sleep disturbances than those in micro and small enterprises (OR=3.53, 95%CI: 2.41, 5.16; OR=2.49, 95%CI: 1.98, 3.13; OR=2.10, 95%CI: 1.67, 2.62). Conclusion The occupational stress level of mining industry workers in Gansu Province is high, and reporting occupational stress, 5−<10 and 10−<20 working age groups, and large enterprises are important risk factors affecting workers' mental health and sleep. It is necessary to increase the attention and develop intervention programs for mental health of miners in the working age group of 5−20 years old and in large enterprises.

ObjectiveTo investigate the mechanism by which 2，3，5，4'-tetrahydroxyldiphenylethylene-2-O-glucoside （THSG） mitigates cerebral ischemia/reperfusion （CI/R） injury by regulating mitochondrial calcium overload and promoting mitophagy. MethodsSixty male SD rats were randomized into sham， model， SAS （40 mg·kg^-1）， and low-， medium- and high-dose （10， 20， 40 mg·kg^-1， respectively） THSG groups， with 10 rats in each group. The middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion （MCAO/R） model was established by the modified Longa suture method. An oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation （OGD/R） model was constructed in PC12 cells. Neurological deficits were assessed via Zea Longa scoring， and cerebral infarct volume was measured by 2，3，5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride （TTC） staining. Structural and functional changes of cortical neurons in MCAO/R rats were assessed by hematoxylin-eosin and Nissl staining. PC12 cell viability was detected by cell counting kit-8 （CCK-8） assay， and mitochondrial calcium levels were quantified by Rhod-2 AM. Immunofluorescence was used to detect co-localization of PTEN-induced kinase 1 （PINK1） and leucine zipper/EF-hand-containing transmembrane protein 1 （LETM1） in neurons. Transmission electron microscopy （TEM） was employed to observe mitochondrial morphology in neurons. Western blot was employed to analyze the expression of translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 20 （TOMM20）， autophagy-associated protein p62， microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 （LC3）， cysteinyl aspartate-specific proteinase-9 （Caspase-9）， B-cell lymphoma 2-associated protein X （Bax）， and cytochrome C （Cyt C）. ResultsCompared with the sham group， the model group exhibited increased infarct volume （P<0.01） and neurological deficit scores （P<0.01）， neuronal structure was disrupted with reduced Nissl bodies. （P<0.01）， mitochondrial swelling/fragmentation， decreased PINK1/LETM1 co-localization （P<0.01）， upregulated protein levels of LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ， TOMM20， Caspase-9， Bax， and Cyt C （P<0.01）， downregulated protein level of p62 （P<0.05）， weakened PC12 viability （P<0.01）， and elevated mitochondrial calcium level （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， THSG and SAS groups showed reduced infarct volumes （P<0.05，P<0.01） and neurological deficit scores （P<0.05，P<0.01）， mitigated mitochondrial damage， and increased PINK1/LETM1 co-localization （P<0.01）. Medium/high-dose THSG and SAS alleviated the neurological damage， increased Nissl bodies （P<0.05，P<0.01）， downregulated the protein levels of p62， TOMM20， Caspase-9， Bax， and Cyt C （P<0.05，P<0.01）， and elevated the LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ level （P<0.05，P<0.01）. High-dose THSG enhanced PC12 cell viability （P<0.01）， increased PINK1/LETM1 co-localization （P<0.01）， and reduced mitochondrial calcium （P<0.01）. ConclusionTHSG may exert the neuroprotective effect on CI/R injury by activating the PINK1-LETM1 signaling pathway， reducing the mitochondrial calcium overload， and promoting mitophagy.

ObjectiveTo investigate the mechanism by which 2，3，5，4'-tetrahydroxyldiphenylethylene-2-O-glucoside （THSG） mitigates cerebral ischemia/reperfusion （CI/R） injury by regulating mitochondrial calcium overload and promoting mitophagy. MethodsSixty male SD rats were randomized into sham， model， SAS （40 mg·kg^-1）， and low-， medium- and high-dose （10， 20， 40 mg·kg^-1， respectively） THSG groups， with 10 rats in each group. The middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion （MCAO/R） model was established by the modified Longa suture method. An oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation （OGD/R） model was constructed in PC12 cells. Neurological deficits were assessed via Zea Longa scoring， and cerebral infarct volume was measured by 2，3，5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride （TTC） staining. Structural and functional changes of cortical neurons in MCAO/R rats were assessed by hematoxylin-eosin and Nissl staining. PC12 cell viability was detected by cell counting kit-8 （CCK-8） assay， and mitochondrial calcium levels were quantified by Rhod-2 AM. Immunofluorescence was used to detect co-localization of PTEN-induced kinase 1 （PINK1） and leucine zipper/EF-hand-containing transmembrane protein 1 （LETM1） in neurons. Transmission electron microscopy （TEM） was employed to observe mitochondrial morphology in neurons. Western blot was employed to analyze the expression of translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 20 （TOMM20）， autophagy-associated protein p62， microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 （LC3）， cysteinyl aspartate-specific proteinase-9 （Caspase-9）， B-cell lymphoma 2-associated protein X （Bax）， and cytochrome C （Cyt C）. ResultsCompared with the sham group， the model group exhibited increased infarct volume （P<0.01） and neurological deficit scores （P<0.01）， neuronal structure was disrupted with reduced Nissl bodies. （P<0.01）， mitochondrial swelling/fragmentation， decreased PINK1/LETM1 co-localization （P<0.01）， upregulated protein levels of LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ， TOMM20， Caspase-9， Bax， and Cyt C （P<0.01）， downregulated protein level of p62 （P<0.05）， weakened PC12 viability （P<0.01）， and elevated mitochondrial calcium level （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， THSG and SAS groups showed reduced infarct volumes （P<0.05，P<0.01） and neurological deficit scores （P<0.05，P<0.01）， mitigated mitochondrial damage， and increased PINK1/LETM1 co-localization （P<0.01）. Medium/high-dose THSG and SAS alleviated the neurological damage， increased Nissl bodies （P<0.05，P<0.01）， downregulated the protein levels of p62， TOMM20， Caspase-9， Bax， and Cyt C （P<0.05，P<0.01）， and elevated the LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ level （P<0.05，P<0.01）. High-dose THSG enhanced PC12 cell viability （P<0.01）， increased PINK1/LETM1 co-localization （P<0.01）， and reduced mitochondrial calcium （P<0.01）. ConclusionTHSG may exert the neuroprotective effect on CI/R injury by activating the PINK1-LETM1 signaling pathway， reducing the mitochondrial calcium overload， and promoting mitophagy.

Task performance is an important concern in ergonomics. Task performance is often affected by adverse ergonomic factors, resulting in health and economic losses. How to utilize effective indicators to evaluate the degree of impact of adverse ergonomic factors on workers' task performance is particularly important. In this paper, we conducted a literature review and analysis on the impact of adverse ergonomic factors on workers' task performance, focusing on summarizing available physiological, psychological, and neurocognitive behavioral function test indicators for evaluating workers' task performance. This summary of existing evaluation indicators provided reference and guidance for future evaluations of the impact of adverse ergonomic factors on workers' task performance.

ObjectiveTo investigate the mechanism of Baihuan Xiaoyao Decoction （Xiaoyaosan added with Lilii Bulbus and Albiziae Cortex） in alleviating depression-like behaviors of juvenile rats by regulating the polarization of microglia. MethodSixty juvenile SD rats were randomized into normal control， model， fluoxetine， and low-， medium-， and high-dose （5.36， 10.71， 21.42 g·kg^-1， respectively） Baihuan Xiaoyao decoction groups. The rat model of juvenile depression was established by chronic unpredictable mild stress （CUMS）. The sucrose preference test （SPT） was carried out to examine the sucrose preference of rats. Forced swimming test （FST） was carried out to measure the immobility time of rats. The open field test （OFT） was conducted to measure the total distance， the central distance， the number of horizontal crossings， and the frequency of rearing. Morris water maze （MWM） was used to measure the escape latency and the number of crossing the platform. The immunofluorescence assay was employed to detect the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase （iNOS， the polarization marker of M1 microglia） and CD206 （the polarization marker of M2 microglia）. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was employed to determine the mRNA levels of iNOS， CD206， pro-inflammatory cytokines ［tumor necrosis factor （TNF）-α， interleukin （IL）-1β， and IL-6］ and anti-inflammatory cytokines （IL-4 and IL-10） in the hippocampus. Western blotting was employed to determine the protein levels of iNOS and CD206 in the hippocampus. The levels of IL-4 and IL-6 in the hippocampus were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. ResultCompared with the normal control group， the model rats showed a reduction in sucrose preference （P<0.05）， an increase in immobility time （P<0.05）， decreased motor and exploratory behaviors （P<0.05）， and weakened learning and spatial memory （P<0.05）. In addition， the model rats showed up-regulated mRNA and protein levels of iNOS and mRNA levels of IL-1β， IL-6， and TNF-α （P<0.05）. Compared with the model group， Baihuan Xiaoyao decoction increased the sucrose preference value （P<0.05）， shortened the immobility time （P<0.01）， increased the motor and exploratory behaviors （P<0.05）， and improved the learning and spatial memory （P<0.01）. Furthermore， the decoction down-regulated the positive expression and protein level of iNOS， lowered the levels of TNF-α， IL-1β， and IL-6 （P<0.01）， promoted the positive expression of CD206， and elevated the levels of IL-4 and IL-10 （P<0.01） in the hippocampus of the high dose group. Moreover， the high-dose Baihuan Xiaoyao decoction group had higher sucrose preference value （P<0.01）， shorter immobility time （P<0.01）， longer central distance （P<0.01）， stronger learning and spatial memory （P<0.01）， higher positive expression and protein level of iNOS （P<0.01）， lower levels of TNF-α， IL-1β， and IL-6 （P<0.05， P<0.01）， lower positive expression and mRNA level of iNOS （P<0.05）， and higher levels of IL-4 and IL-10 （P<0.05， P<0.01） than the fluoxetine group. ConclusionBaihuan Xiaoyao decoction can improve the depression-like behavior of juvenile rats by inhibiting the M1 polarization and promoting the M2 polarization of microglia in the hippocampus.

ObjectiveTo investigate the intervention mechanism of Dendrobium officinale leaf fermentation fluid in mice with alcoholic hepatitis. MethodsA total of 70 healthy male C57BL/6J mice， aged 6-8 weeks， were randomly divided into normal group， model group， liquid feed control group， silybin group， and low-， middle-， and high-dose Dendrobium officinale leaf fermentation fluid groups， with 10 mice in each group. The mice in the normal group were given normal diet， and those in the other groups were given Lieber-DeCarli classic liquid diet for 8 weeks to induce alcoholic hepatitis. During modeling， the mice in the low-， middle-， and high-dose Dendrobium officinale leaf fermentation fluid groups were given Dendrobium liquid manufactured by Warmen Pharmaceutical， and the mice in all the other groups were given pure water； the mice in the normal group， the model group， and the liquid feed control group were given normal saline by gavage， those in the silybin group were given silybin 0.25 mL/10 g by gavage， and those in the low-， middle-， and high-dose Dendrobium officinale leaf fermentation fluid groups were given Dendrobium officinale leaf fermentation fluid at a dose of 0.125 mL/10 g， 0.250 mL/10 g， and 0.375 mL/10 g， respectively， by gavage， once a day. At week 8， chloral hydrate was injected intraperitoneally for anesthesia， and blood samples were collected from the eyeball. After serum was separated， the biochemical method was used to measure the levels of aspartate aminotransferase （AST） and alanine aminotransferase （ALT）； HE staining and oil red staining were used to observe liver histopathology and lipid accumulation in mice； multiplex Luminex assay was used to measure the serum levels of interleukin-6 （IL-6）， interleukin-1β （IL-1β）， tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）， and CCL2； quantitative real-time PCR， Western blot， and immunofluorescence assay were used to measure the protein expression levels of NLRP3， caspase-1， caspase-11， gasdermin D （GSDMD）， N-terminal gasdermin D （GSDMD-N） in liver tissue. A one-way analysis of variance was used for comparison of continuous data between multiple groups， and the least significant difference t-test was used for further comparison between two groups. ResultsCompared with the normal group， the model group had significant increases in the serum levels of AST， ALT， IL-6， IL-1β， TNF-α， and CCL2 （all P<0.05）， and compared with the model group， the high-dose Dendrobium officinale leaf fermentation fluid group had significant reductions in the serum levels of AST， ALT， IL-6， IL-1β， TNF-α， and CCL2 （all P<0.05）. HE staining showed that the model group had disordered structure of hepatic lobules， with a large number of steatosis vacuoles and massive cell necrosis， and compared with the model group， the high-dose Dendrobium officinale leaf fermentation fluid group had alleviation of liver histopathological injury， intact structure of most hepatic lobules， and a small amount of inflammatory cell infiltration. Oil red staining showed that the model group had accumulation of large and small lipid droplets in the liver and a significant increase in liver fat content， and compared with the model group， the high-dose Dendrobium officinale leaf fermentation fluid group had significant alleviation of hepatic steatosis， with the presence of sporadic small lipid droplets. Immunofluorescence assay of liver tissue showed that compared with the normal group， the model group had a significant increase in the ratio of GSDMD-positive staining area in hepatocyte cytoplasm （P<0.001）， and compared with the model group， the high-dose Dendrobium officinale leaf fermentation fluid group had a significant reduction in such ratio in hepatocyte cytoplasm （P<0.001）. Quantitative real-time PCR showed that compared with the normal group， the model group had significant increases in the protein expression levels of NLRP3， caspase-1， caspase-11， GSDMD， GSDMD-N， interleukin-18 （IL-18）， and IL-1β in liver tissue （all P<0.05）， and compared with the model group， the high-dose Dendrobium officinale leaf fermentation fluid group had significant reductions in the protein expression levels of NLRP3， caspase-1， caspase-11， GSDMD， GSDMD-N， IL-18， and IL-1 （all P<0.05）. Compared with the model group， the high-dose Dendrobium officinale leaf fermentation fluid group had significant reductions in the protein expression levels of caspase-1 and caspase-11 （both P<0.05）， with a relative expression level of caspase-1 of 1.757 （reduced by 26.6% compared with the model group） and a relative expression level of caspase-11 of 0.455 （reduced by 70.3% compared with the model group）， suggesting that caspase-11 showed a greater reduction than caspase-1. ConclusionDendrobium officinale leaf fermentation fluid can alleviate alcoholic hepatitis in mice， possibly by inhibiting the non-classical cell pyroptosis pathway mediated by caspase-11.

Humans ; Nephrotic Syndrome ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; Tissue Donors ; Transplantation Conditioning ; Graft vs Host Disease

Child ; Humans ; Granulomatous Disease, Chronic/complications* ; Pneumonia

Background Long-term exposure to ambient fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) may increase the risk of diabetes, and a healthy diet can effectively control fasting blood glucose levels. However, it is unclear whether dietary factors have a moderating effect on the risk of diabetes associated with atmospheric PM_2.5 exposure. Objective To investigate the association between long-term exposure to PM_2.5 and diabetes in rural areas of Ningxia, and potential interaction of long-term exposure to atmospheric PM_2.5 and diet on diabetes. Methods The study subjects were selected from the baseline survey data of the China Northwest Cohort-Ningxia (CNC-NX) , a natural population cohort. A total of 13917 subjects were included, excluding participants with missing covariate information. We utilized the annual average ambient PM_2.5 concentration from 2014 to 2018 as the long-term exposure level. Logistic regression and multiple linear regression were employed to analyze the associations of long-term atmospheric PM_2.5 exposure with diabetes and fasting blood glucose levels. Stratification by frequency of vegetable consumption, frequency of fruit consumption, and salty taste was used to examine moderating effects on the diabetes risk associated with atmospheric PM_2.5 exposure. Results The mean age of the 13917 subjects was (56.8±10.0) years, and the prevalence of diabetes was 9.8%. Between 2014 and 2018, the average annual concentration of PM_2.5 was (38.10±4.67) μg·m⁻³. The risk (OR) of diabetes was 1.018 (95%CI: 1.005, 1.032) and the fasting blood glucose was increased by 0.011 (95%CI: 0.004, 0.017) mmol·L⁻¹ for each 1 μg·m⁻³ increase in PM_2.5 concentration. Compared to those who consumed vegetables < 1 time per week, individuals who consume vegetables 1-3 times per week and ≥4 times per week had a reduced risk of developing diabetes by 27.1% (OR=0.729, 95%CI: 0.594, 0.893) and 16.8% (OR=0.832, 95%CI: 0.715, 0.971) respectively. Similarly, when compared to those who consumed fruits <1 time per week, individuals who consumed fruits 1-3 times per week and ≥4 times per week exhibited a reduced risk of diabetes by 16.4% (OR=0.836, 95%CI: 0.702, 0.998) and 18.2% (OR=0.818, 95%CI: 0.700, 0.959) respectively. Fasting blood glucose decreased by 0.202 (95%CI: -0.304, -0.101) mmol·L⁻¹ in participants who ate vegetables 1-3 times per week. The effect of salty taste on diabetes and fasting blood glucose was not significant. The results of stratified analysis by dietary factors and PM_2.5 concentration showed that the risks of diabetes were increased in the low PM_2.5 pollution-low vegetable intake frequency group and the high PM_2.5 pollution-low vegetable intake frequency group compared with the low PM_2.5 pollution-high vegetable intake frequency group, with OR values of 3.987 (95%CI: 2.943, 5.371) and 1.433 (95%CI: 1.143, 1.796) respectively. The risk of diabetes was 50.1% higher in participants with high PM_2.5 pollution and low fruit intake frequency than in participants with low PM_2.5 pollution and high fruit intake frequency (OR=1.501, 95%CI: 1.171, 1.926). No interaction was found between salty taste and PM_2.5 on diabetes. Conclusion Long-term exposure to ambient PM_2.5 is associated with an increased fasting blood glucose and an elevated risk of diabetes in rural Ningxia population. Increasing the frequency of weekly consumption of vegetables or fruits may have a certain protective effect against diabetes occurrence, as well as a moderating effect on diabetes and fasting blood glucose levels associated with long-term exposure to atmospheric PM_2.5.