ObjectiveTo establish the characteristic sugar spectrum of polysaccharides， oligosaccharides and monosaccharides of wild-simulated and transplanted Astragali Radix， and find out the difference of the sugar spectrum between the two， so as to provide a basis for quality evaluation of Astragali Radix. MethodThe relative molecular weight distribution of polysaccharides from 18 batches of wild-simulated Astragali Radix and 12 batches of transplanted Astragali Radix were characterized by high performance liquid chromatography-evaporative light scattering detection（HPLC-ELSD） to establish the characteristic chromatograms of two kinds of polysaccharides. The difference in the peak area ratio of APS-Ⅱ， a polysaccharide component with a relative molecular weight of 10 kDa， in two kinds of Astragali Radix was analyzed， and the critical value of peak area ratio of APS-Ⅱ was determined by receiver operating characteristic（ROC） curve. At the same time， APS-Ⅱ was partially acid-hydrolyzed by trifluoroacetic acid（TFA） to establish characteristic spectra of two kinds of oligosaccharides from Astragali Radix based on HPLC-ELSD， and the characteristics of differential oligosaccharides were found by principal component analysis（PCA） and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis（OPLS-DA）. Two kinds of APS-Ⅱ were completely acid-hydrolyzed by TFA and derivatized to establish characteristic spectra of two kinds of monosaccharides from Astragali Radix based on HPLC， PCA and OPLS-DA were performed on the peak area ratio of two kinds of monosaccharides to explore the differences in the composition of two kinds of APS-Ⅱ monosaccharides. ResultThe characteristic sugar spectrum of polysaccharides from Astragali Radix showed that the peak area ratio of APS-Ⅱ was the main difference， and the peak area of APS-Ⅱ of wild-simulated and transplanted Astragali Radix were 89.17%-97.17% and 80.14%-91.96%， respectively. The ROC curve determined the critical value of 92.28% for the difference of APS-Ⅱ peak area ratio of the two kinds of Astragali Radix. The multivariate analysis of APS-Ⅱ oligosaccharides revealed that the peak area ratio of oligosaccharides with polymerization degree≥10 was the main difference， which ranged from 11.835%-19.092% for wild-simulated products and 2.778%-7.017% for transplanted products. The results of monosaccharide characteristic sugar spectrum analysis showed that both Astragali Radix species consisted of six monosaccharides， and glucose and arabinose were the differential monosaccharide fractions. The peak area ratios of glucose and arabinose in wild-simulated products were 85%-93.9% and 2.7%-5.8%， respectively， while those of transplanted products were 74.3%-87.3% and 5.3%-10.7%， suggesting that the structures of the two polysaccharide fractions APS-Ⅱ of Astragali Radix may be different. ConclusionThe difference of sugar spectrum between two kinds of Astragali Radix may be related to the content and structure of APS-Ⅱ， and this study may provide a reference for the study of carbohydrates in Astragali Radix and the quality evaluation of medicinal materials.

Objective To illustrate the semiological characteristics of the three sub-types within the broad bilateral asymmetric tonic seizures (BATS),summarize their predictive values on lateralization and localization of seizure onset zone (SOZ),and analyze the difference between BATS and asymmetrical tonic limb posturing (ATLP).Methods A retrospective review of 385 patients who underwent stereotactic electrode implantation in the Sanbo Brain Hospital,Capital Medical University from September 2011 to May 2018 was performed.As long as there was a clinical epileptic seizure in the presence of BATS or ATLP,the patients were classified into the corresponding groups.Postoperative prognosis was assessed using Engel's grading criteria for a follow-up of no less than six months.Seizure descriptions were based on the classification of epileptic seizures introduced by Lüiders,which used arrows to connect the symptoms in chronological order.Results There was no statistically significant difference between the classic BATS and bilateral proximal tonic seizure in terms of whether it could be an independent seizure,as the onset and end of the seizure,with version and generalized tonic-clonic seizure (P＞0.05).Compared with the ATLP,except for whether it could be an independent seizure (P=1.000) and onset before versive seizure (P=0.068),the BATS showed significantly different semiological features (P＜0.05).The classic BATS and secondary motor area epilepsy had a 100.0％ predictive accuracy on the lateralization of SOZ.In the patients with broad BATS,the SOZ distribution was more extensive,but it was rare in the orbitofrontal gyrus,frontal pole and mesial temporal lobe.Compared with the bilateral proximal tonic seizures from the other regions,those originated from supplementary somatosensory motor area and its adjacent areas were rare and showed no statistically significant difference (0/8 vs 40.0％ (18/45),x2=3.226,P=0.072) but a low trend.The predictive value of BATS on lateralization of SOZ was higher than that of ATLP (84.9％ (45/53) vs 57.1％ (24/42),x2=9.086,P=0.003),and BATS was less originated from temporal lobe than ATLP (3.8％ (2/53) vs 23.8％ (10/42),x2=8.523,P=0.004).Conclusion Different from ATLP,the broad BATS are characterized by tonic proximal upper limb posturing,and have a higher predictive value on lateralization and localization of SOZ.

Objective To analyze the use of the semantic type of the top-level ontology of military medicine in order to find problems with the semantic type framework and make it more scientific and comprehensive.Methods Using data driven method, the frequency with which the semantic type of the top-level ontology of military medicine was used in military medical core concepts was statistically analyzed.Results By ranking the use frequency of the semantic types, the semantic types which had higher or lower frequency, and those that had never been used were analyzed.Conclusion The established semantic type framework of the top-level ontology of military medicine is basically consistent with the expression of military medical knowledge and can be constantly updated and improved with the development of military medicine.

Objective To investigate the current situation of perioperative pain treatment and management using questionnaire survey.Methods A questionnaire was designed by ourselves and sent to anesthesiologists in each hospital all over China via the WeChat platform within 1 month.The system automatically recorded the situation of questionnaires.Results A total of 8 447 anesthesiologists involved in the investigation,the number of valid questionnaires retrieved was 6 778,anesthesiologists in the survey came from 847 hospitals in China,distributing across China 31 provinces and cities,and there were 526 tertiary hospitals (62.1％) and 321 hospitals under tertiary grade (37.9％).Among the medication for perioperative analgesia (not including medication for anesthesia),the following analgesics (applied alone or in combination) were used by anesthesiologists,and the application rate was as follows:opioids 79.74％,nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs 53.78％,paracetamol 25.76％,local analgesics for analgesia (for nerve blockade) 25.44％,other drugs (such as ketamine,gabapentin) 12.39％;combination of two or more drugs 63.65％.Six hundred forty-nine hospitals (76.6％) carried out therapy with analgesic pump after operation,and the constituent ratio of hospitals using patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) pump was 43.8％.Four hundred seventy-five hospitals (56.1％) established Acute Pain Service (APS),the organizing rate of APS was significantly higher in tertiary hospitals than in hospitals under tertiary grade (P＜ 0.01),and the majority of APS personnel was anesthesiologists (72.4％).Conclusion Multimodal analgesia and PCA technique are not widely adopted and the requirement for non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and nerve blockade is lower in perioperative pain treatment in China;analgesic pump is widely used after operation,but the application rate of PCA technique is not high;APS establishment is relatively weak in pain management and anesthesiologists play a leading role in APS.

Objective To research the effects of drought stress on activity of key enzyme in saikosaponin biosynthesis and saponins content in Bupleurum chinense; To reveal response of Bupleurum chinense to drought stress from protein level. Methods Bupleurum chinense was cultivated in potted water control experiment with 70%–80%, 60%–70%, 40%–50% and 20%–30% saturated soil water contents. The enzyme activities of 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMGR), isoprenyl-based coke (IPPI), farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase (FPS) and β-carotenoid synthase (β-AS) of six months and one year old Bupleurum chinense were measured. The contents of saikosaponins a and d in samples of different soil water contents were determined by HPLC. Results When the saturated moisture was 40%–50%, the enzymatic activities of HMGR, IPPI, FPS and β-AS were the highest, followed by saturated moisture 60%–70%、70%–80% and 20%–30%. The trend of saikosaponin was similar to that of the activity of key enzyme. Conclusion 40%–50% soil saturated water content can significantly increase the activity of the key enzymes in the saikosaponin synthesis pathway. The saponin content and enzyme activity show a significant positive correlation, indicating that under drought stress, Bupleurum chinense regulates the synthesis of saikosaponin by regulating the key enzyme activity of saikosaponin synthesis pathway to respond drought stress.

Objective To explore the construction method of semantic types of military medical ontology and to establish a framework for the semantic types of the top-level ontology of military medicine in order to lay the foundation for the construction of military medical ontology and provide support for knowledge organization, knowledge disclosure and knowledge service of military medical information resources.Methods Using the method of document measurement, the core concept set of military medicine was constructed.On the basis of the framework of the top-level semantic types of Unified Medical Language System(UMLS), the semantic type framework was completed by the combination of bottom-up and top-down modes, using semantic analysis and expert consultation.Results By classifying the same kind of knowledge points of military medicine into one semantic type, the hierarchical structure of the semantic type framework of the top-level ontology of military medicine was obtained.Conclusion The proposed method is effective and practical for the construction of the semantic types of military medical ontology.The established semantic type framework of the top-level ontology of military medicine could reconstruct military medical knowledge and provide the basic framework for the establishment of the semantic relationships of the top-level ontology of military medicine.

Objective To compare the scores from the simpliifed COMFORT scale with those from the bispectral index (BIS) and analyze the variation among different evaluators in children in an intensive care unit, and to investigate the reliability;validity of simpliifed COMFORT scale. Methods Twenty children between 3 and 16 years of ages on mechanical ventilation and sedation were simultaneously classiifed based on the BIS and the simpliifed COMFORT scale evaluated by 4 independent evalua-tors. The Kappa test was performed and the correlation between the two methods (Pearson correlation) was tested. Results In to-tal, 70 observations were performed on 20 patients. Based on the Kappa coefifcient, the agreement among evaluators ranged from 0.62 to 0.77 (P<0.001). There was a correlation between the BIS and the simpliifed COMFORT scale (r=0.53-0.61,P<0.01). Conclusions Due to the strong consistency between the independent evaluators and the correlation between the two methods, the reliability and validity of simpliifed COMFORT scale are preferable and simpliifed COMFORT scale is useful in classifying the level of sedation in children on mechanical ventilation.

After a description of the performance assessment systems in domestic and foreign libraries, the personal performance assessment system was designed according to the annual target and key performance indicators worked out for the Database R&D Section in Medical Library of Chinese PLA and its problems existed at present.Imple-mentation of the system showed that it could arouse the enthusiasm of staff, increase the number of products, im-prove the quality of products , and guarantee the realization of annual target in our section .

After an overall introduction of the novel functions of the CMCI institutional knowledge version developed by Medical Library of Chinese PLA , its coverage of institutions, authors, funds, journals and literature was de-scribed in terms of RDE semantics.The contents in literature were mined and analyzed in depth based on the litera-ture-marked information with the institutions database, funds database, journals database and literature database as their cores, the association of information resources in biomedical field was thus realized.The CMCI institutional knowledge version can be used to search published papers and citations, write citation reports, enforce bibliometric visualization analysis, issue different top-ranked statistical data, push associated information, increase institutional literature management modules, and provide personal literature management and assessment service for different in-stitutions.

The data production and management processes were described and the factors influencing the data pro-cessing quality were analyzed with CMCC/CMCI as an example, and measures were put forward for improving the data production and management-the key to database development.