In order to promote the development of hair transplantation, particularly the establishment of standards, the Hair Transplantation Expert Group of Plastic and Aesthetic National Medical Quality Control Center invited experts in the field of hair transplantation across China and formed a draft of the Expert Consensus on Standard Terminology for Hair Transplantation based on the collation of relevant literature and monographs. By combining Delphi methodology and consensus meetings, the expert group conducted several rounds of consultations on issues such as follicular unit anatomy, harvesting, dissection, and implantation, ultimately presenting 54 terminologies. This consensus considers the original Chinese and English meanings as well as the professional characteristics of terms used in hair transplantation, highlights the unique features and advantages of hair transplantation, and preserves its essence while promoting innovation, with the hope of providing valuable reference for clinical researchers engaged in hair transplantation both domestically and internationally, and better facilitating the standardization and advancement of the field.

In order to promote the development of hair transplantation, particularly the establishment of standards, the Hair Transplantation Expert Group of Plastic and Aesthetic National Medical Quality Control Center invited experts in the field of hair transplantation across China and formed a draft of the Expert Consensus on Standard Terminology for Hair Transplantation based on the collation of relevant literature and monographs. By combining Delphi methodology and consensus meetings, the expert group conducted several rounds of consultations on issues such as follicular unit anatomy, harvesting, dissection, and implantation, ultimately presenting 54 terminologies. This consensus considers the original Chinese and English meanings as well as the professional characteristics of terms used in hair transplantation, highlights the unique features and advantages of hair transplantation, and preserves its essence while promoting innovation, with the hope of providing valuable reference for clinical researchers engaged in hair transplantation both domestically and internationally, and better facilitating the standardization and advancement of the field.

Objective:To observe the effect of speech training based on mirror neuron theory on children with functional articulation disorder (FAD).Methods:Fifty children with FAD were randomly divided into a training group and a control group, each of 25. Both groups received 30 minutes of conventional speech training 5 times a week for 24 weeks, while the training group was additionally given 20 minutes of speech training based on mirror neuron theory simultaneously. Before and after the intervention, both groups were evaluated using the articulation speech ability assessment scale and the oral motor ability assessment scale.Results:Before the treatment, there were no significant differences between the 2 groups in any of the measurements. After the treatment, significant improvement was observed in all of the measurements for both groups, but at that point the training group′s articulation, motor ability of the lower jaw, tongue and lips were all significantly superior to the control group′s averages.Conclusions:Speech training based on mirror neuron theory can significantly improve the articulation, intelligibility and oral motor functioning of children with functional articulation disorder.

Objective:To investigate breast ultrasound imaging and pathological characteristics of patients with hereditary breast cancer-ovarian cancer syndrome (HBOC).Methods:A total of 12 patients with HBOC admitted to Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital from January 2012 to 2021 April were retrospectively analyzed. All patients were pathologically diagnosed as invasive breast cancer based on the preoperative puncture or surgical specimens, including 3 patients with double primary cancers of breast and ovary. The clinical, breast ultrasound imaging and pathological data of patients were analyzed.Results:The ultrasound imaging of HBOC usually showed regular morphology in 8 cases, clear border in 9 cases, no burr sign in 10 cases, no calcification in 10 cases, rear echo in 10 cases; the maximum blood flow velocity was (0.21±0.09) m/s, the vascular resistance index was 0.72±0.17, and aspect ratio ≤ 1 in 8 cases. Among 12 cases of HBOS, 9 cases were invasive ductal carcinoma, 3 cases were breast cancer with medullary features; histological grade: 7 cases of grade Ⅱ, 5 cases of grade Ⅲ; molecular classification: Luminal B type in 2 cases, human epithelial receptor 2 (HER2) type in 4 cases, and triple-negative type in 6 cases. The histological types of 3 patients with double primary cancers of breast and ovary were all high-grade serous carcinoma.Conclusions:HBOC is a type of neoplastic disease with a special genetic background. Ultrasound and pathological manifestations have certain characteristics. Sonographers should improve the understanding of the disease and pay attention to the medical history and family history in order to reduce the rate of misdiagnosis and increase the rate of diagnosis.

This article reviews the concept, classification, screening and evaluation tools of cognitive frailty, and research in chronic diseases of the elderly, with the aim of improving the awareness and understanding of cognitive frailty among medical and nursing staff. It is recommended to further strengthen the research on cognitive frailty in elderly patients with chronic diseases, optimize screening tools, and promote the construction of targeted intervention programs, so as to provide a basis for the research progress of cognitive frailty in elderly chronic diseases in China.

Objective:To analyze the correlation between the changes of lung function and serum proinflammatory cytokines in workers occupationally exposed to toluene diisocyanate (TDI), and to explore the evaluation index of respiratory toxicity of TDI.Methods:In October 2014, 61 male workers engaged in TDI synthesis process, purification process, packaging process and the above production process in a TDI factory in western China were selected as TDI exposure group; 62 male enterprise managers who were not exposed to TDI and other known allergenic chemicals were selected as control group, which were matched at the age of workers in exposure group. The questionnaire survey obtained information such as gender, length of service, age, occupational history, exposed length of service and so on. The lung function indexes [forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), FEV1/FVC] and serum levels of interleukin (IL)-1 β, IL-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, macrophage inflammatory factor-1 β, monocyte chemoattractant factor-1 and vascular endothelial growth factor were measured. The urine was collected after the weekend shift, and the concentration of (TDA), the metabolite of TDI, was determined as the index of internal exposure. Spearman rank correlation was used to analyze the correlation between cytokines and lung function indexes, and multivariate linear regression was used to analyze the changes of lung function indexes and cytokines with TDI exposure concentration and time.Results:The median age ( P5- P95) of the exposed group and the control group was 36.5 (24.0-51.0) and 38.0 (24.0-50.0) years, respectively. In the exposed group, the median length of service ( P5- P95) was 6.94 (0.97-26.33) years, and the median concentration of TDA in urine was 15.56 (2.28-112.16) ng/ml. The three indexes of lung function, FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC and the levels of serum IL-8 and TNF-α were significantly lower than those in the control group ( P<0.01). With the increase of exposure concentration and exposure time, the level of serum TNF-α, FVC and FEV1 decreased, and showed a good dose-effect and time-effect relationship (all Ptrend values< 0.05). Serum IL-8 and TNF-α were positively correlated with FVC, FEV1 and FEV1/FVC (all P values<0.01). Conclusion:The levels of serum inflammatory factors IL-8 and TNF-α in worker exposed to TDI are related to lung function indexes, which can be used as early evaluation indexes of respiratory toxicity induced by TDI.

Objective:To analyze the correlation between the changes of lung function and serum proinflammatory cytokines in workers occupationally exposed to toluene diisocyanate (TDI), and to explore the evaluation index of respiratory toxicity of TDI.Methods:In October 2014, 61 male workers engaged in TDI synthesis process, purification process, packaging process and the above production process in a TDI factory in western China were selected as TDI exposure group; 62 male enterprise managers who were not exposed to TDI and other known allergenic chemicals were selected as control group, which were matched at the age of workers in exposure group. The questionnaire survey obtained information such as gender, length of service, age, occupational history, exposed length of service and so on. The lung function indexes [forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), FEV1/FVC] and serum levels of interleukin (IL)-1 β, IL-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, macrophage inflammatory factor-1 β, monocyte chemoattractant factor-1 and vascular endothelial growth factor were measured. The urine was collected after the weekend shift, and the concentration of (TDA), the metabolite of TDI, was determined as the index of internal exposure. Spearman rank correlation was used to analyze the correlation between cytokines and lung function indexes, and multivariate linear regression was used to analyze the changes of lung function indexes and cytokines with TDI exposure concentration and time.Results:The median age ( P5- P95) of the exposed group and the control group was 36.5 (24.0-51.0) and 38.0 (24.0-50.0) years, respectively. In the exposed group, the median length of service ( P5- P95) was 6.94 (0.97-26.33) years, and the median concentration of TDA in urine was 15.56 (2.28-112.16) ng/ml. The three indexes of lung function, FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC and the levels of serum IL-8 and TNF-α were significantly lower than those in the control group ( P<0.01). With the increase of exposure concentration and exposure time, the level of serum TNF-α, FVC and FEV1 decreased, and showed a good dose-effect and time-effect relationship (all Ptrend values< 0.05). Serum IL-8 and TNF-α were positively correlated with FVC, FEV1 and FEV1/FVC (all P values<0.01). Conclusion:The levels of serum inflammatory factors IL-8 and TNF-α in worker exposed to TDI are related to lung function indexes, which can be used as early evaluation indexes of respiratory toxicity induced by TDI.

Objective To perform a methodological evaluation study of 4 HPLC based systems and a capillary electrophoresis based system , with the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine ( IFCC) glycated hemoglobin reference method as a comparative method .Methods 40 hemolysis samples of variety concentrations were prepared .The samples were measured by IFCC reference method and 5 glycated hemoglobin testing systems , respectively and trueness verification was performed according to the Clinical &Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guideline EP9-A3.Whole blood samples were used to test the systems'precision, linearity and analytical interferences .Results The average CV of IFCC reference method results of 40 hemolysis samples was 1.4％( range from 0.2％to 2.5％).No outlier was found in the results of the 5 testing system.The slopes ranged from 0.9902 to 1.0267, and intercepts from -0.1526 mmol/mol to +0.1512 mmol/mol, squared correlation coefficient from 0.9962-0.9971, biases at two medical decision level were less than 0.3％HbA1c.Within-laboratory precisions were less than 2％ (NGSP unit).Bias between all test results and predicted results were less than 5％.High concentration of glucose showed certain interference to glycated Hemoglobin tests but had little influence in clinical practice.Conclusions The results of the 5 testing system are comparable to the IFCC reference method , the results of precision and linearity evaluation meet the requirements of related guidelines .

OBJECTIVE To establish an in vitro test method and to evaluate the genotoxicity of chemicals using primary cultured mouse hepatocytes and the changes in phosphorylated histone H2AX(γH2AX)expression levels to provide a more reliable marker of the identification of genotoxicity. METHODS Hepatocytes were isolated from BALB/c mice by an improved two-step collagenase diges?tion method and then cultured in sandwich configuration. The primary cultured hepatocytes were treat?ed with various concentrations of four known genotoxic agents bleomycin(BLM),benzo(a)pyrene〔B (a)p〕,styrene and styrene-7,8-oxide(SO)within the range of 40 μmol · L-1 and two non-genotoxic agents azathioprine(Aza)and ciclosporin A(CsA)at different time points within 24 h. The cytotoxicity induced by these toxicants was assessed by CCK-8 assay. Then,the changes in γH2AX expression levels in treated cells were determined by flow cytometry. RESULTS The four genotoxic agents could be detected and two non-genotoxic agents could not be detected by this method. The γH2AX expression level was the highest when hepatocytes were exposed to BLM and SO for 3 h,or B(a)p and styrene for 6 h(P<0.01). The production of γH2AX was 25.67,18.36,12.43 and 14.25 for the four types of genotoxic agents,respectively,and was approximately 19,13,9 and 11 times that of the vehicle control group(P<0.01)at the optimum time point and concentration. There was a significant positive corre?lation between the indicated concentrations of genotoxic chemicals and γH2AX expression levels(P<0.01). In addition,the production ofγH2AX indicated no marked increase in two non-genotoxic agents such as Aza and CsA in comparison with the control group. CONCLUSION This test method can effec?tively distinguish genotoxic agents from non-genotoxic agents,and direct genotoxic agents from indirect genotoxic agents in the absence of S9. γH2AX might be a reliable marker for the identification of the potential genotoxicity of chemicals.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of occupational exposure to toluene diisocyanate (TDI) on the workers' health.

METHODSA total of 76 workers exposed to TDI (exposure group) and 64 management staff members (control group) were selected from a factory as the study subjects. Area sampling was performed for the place with exposure to TDI according to the method in GBZ 159-2004 Specifications of air sampling for hazardous substances monitoring in the workplace, and gas chromatography was applied to measure the concentration of TDI in workplace air. The workers' personal information was collected with questionnaire, pulmonary ventilation function was determined with a portable spirometer, hematological parameters were analyzed by automatic blood analyzer and blood chemistry analyzer, and the indicators of oxidative damage and energy metabolism were measured by the reagent kit provided by Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute. SPSS 17 software was applied for statistical analysis.

RESULTSThe exposure group had significantly lower forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 second(FEV1.0), and FEV1.0/FVC ratio than the control group (P <0.05). Compared with the control group, the exposure group had significantly higher red blood cell count, platelet distribution width, mean platelet volume, lymphocyte count, and neutrophil count(P<0.01), and significantly lower activities of lactate dehydrogenase(LDH), superoxide dismutase, and succinodehydrogenase (SDH)(P <0.01). In the exposure group, the length of exposure was negatively correlated with the activities of SDH and LDH in the serum (r=-0.319, P <0.05; r=-0.239, P <0.05), and the length of exposure was not found to be correlated with the activity of SOD and pulmonary function indices.

CONCLUSIONTDI can induce inflammatory response and lung ventilation function impairment in workers exposed to TDI, as well as oxidative stress and imbalance of energy metabolism. Therefore, it can cause damage to workers' health, and protective measures should be enhanced.

Case-Control Studies ; Erythrocyte Count ; Forced Expiratory Volume ; Humans ; Inflammation ; physiopathology ; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase ; blood ; metabolism ; Leukocyte Count ; Lung ; physiopathology ; Occupational Exposure ; adverse effects ; Pulmonary Ventilation ; Succinate Dehydrogenase ; blood ; metabolism ; Superoxide Dismutase ; metabolism ; Toluene 2,4-Diisocyanate ; adverse effects ; Vital Capacity