Objective:To compare clinical characteristics,treatment patterns and physiological indicators in bipolar disorder(BD)patients with different age of onset.Methods:Totally 380 patients with DSM-5 BD were se-lected in this study.Psychiatrists diagnosed the patients using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview.The clinical information questionnaire and the Global Assessment of Functioning scale were utilized to collected clinical characteristics,treatment status,and physiological indicators.The onset age of BD was divided into 21 and 35 years as cut-off points.Multivariate logistic regression and linear regression were used to analyze related factors.Results:Among the 380 patients with BD,199 cases were early-onset group(52.4％),121 cases were middle-onset group(31.8％),and 60 cases were late-onset group(15.8％).There were 26.6％of patients in the early-onset group in-itially diagnosed as depression,23.1％in the middle-onset group,and 11.7％in the late-onset group.Multivariate analysis revealed that compared to the early-onset group of BD,the middle-onset(OR=2.22)and late-onset(OR=4.99)groups had more risk to experience depressive episodes,and the late-onset group(OR=6.74)had 6.74 times of risk to suffer from bipolar Ⅱ disorder.Additionally,patients in the middle-onset(β=-1.52)and late-on-set(β=-4.29)groups had shorter durations of delayed treatment,and those in the middle-onset(β=-1.62)and late-onset(β=-3.14)groups had fewer hospitalizations.Uric acid levels were lower in both the middle-onset(β=-28.39)and late-onset(β=-31.47)groups,and total cholesterol level was lower in the middle-onset group(β=-0.23).Conclusion:Patients with BD in different age of onset show significant differences in clinical charac-teristics,treatment conditions and physiological indicators.

Objective:To describe the detail sampling design,weighting,instruments,filed procedures and quality control methods of the epidemiological survey on dementia among community residents in Tongliao City.Methods:A three-stage disproportionate probability sampling design was used to investigate the inhabitants aged 65 years and over in Tongliao City,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.The 10/66 Dementia Research Group(10/66 DRG)assessment instruments were used to diagnose dementia,using computer-assisted personal interview mode in the selected older people.Comprehensive quality control methods were implemented throughout the field-work.Results:A total of 166 villages or communities were sampled from nine counties or districts in Tongliao Cit-y.Totally 4 345 older people were interviewed with 96.2％response rate.By calculating sampling design weights,non-response adjustment weights and post-stratification adjustment weights,these weights were multiplied and per-formed trimming adjustment and standardization adjustment to generate final weights.The 171 interviewers were well-trained and qualified to carry out filed interview.Quality control methods included computer data check,audio record check,and telephone check in order to ensure the quality of the survey.Conclusion:This survey is imple-mented using a rigorous sampling design and timely quality control methods,and uses the 10/66 DRG assessment instruments with satisfactory international validity and reliability as survey instruments,which has international cross-cultural comparability.It provides a valid and feasible methodology of epidemiological survey on dementia for further studies in different regions in China.

Objective:To estimate the costs of dementia from a societal perspective in Tongliao City and ex-plore the influencing factors of these costs.Methods:Dementia was diagnosed using the 10/66 Dementia Research Group assessment instruments.Data on healthcare utilization,caregiver's care time or costs,and the distress due to caregiving were collected.The cost-proportion conversion method was used to estimate the per capita cost of health services based on data from the National Statistical Yearbook.The human capital approach was used to estimate the unit value of informal care time,and the willingness-to-pay method was used to measure the intangible costs of car-egivers.The total societal costs of dementia were calculated based on the reference year 2023,and a two-part model was employed to analyze the factors influencing the societal costs.Results:A total of 390 dementia patients were di-agnosed,with an average societal cost per capita of 117 877 Yuan.The largest cost component was informal care provided by unpaid family members,accounting for 73.1％of the total societal cost.The societal costs for female patients were 61 395 Yuan higher than those for male patients.Patients with comorbid stroke had a higher societal cost of 63 008 Yuan compared to patients without stroke,and each additional chronic disease added 5 868 Yuan to societal costs.Additionally,each non-memory dimension impairment in the Clinical Dementia Rating Scale in-creased the societal costs by 53 997 Yuan.Conclusion:Dementia poses a significant socio-economic burden,with informal care being the major component of this burden.

Recent studies have found that the pathological changes of Tau proteinopathy, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), involve transmission or circulatory disturbance of synaptic vesicles. This article reviews the relations of AD/PSP with circulatory disturbance of synaptic vesicles and explore the pathogenesis of these diseases, aiming to provide a new perspective for new therapeutic drugs.

Objective To investigate the mechanism of HSP90 inhibitor AUY-922 reversing the resistance of human neuroblastoma cells to the second generation ALK inhibitor TAE684. Methods The effect of AUY-922 on the proliferation of human neuroblastoma cells SH-SY5Y and KELLY carrying ALK F1174L gene was detected by MTT method. The effect of AUY-922 on cell cycle of SH-SY5Y and KELLY cells was detected by flow cytometry. The effects of AUY-922 on cyclin Cdc2, ALK protein and downstream signal pathways p-Akt, p-Erk, p-stat3 in SH-SY5Y and KELLY cells were detected by Western blot. Results AUY-922 could significantly inhibit the proliferation of SH-SY5Y and KELLY cells, and the IC₅₀ were about 0.30 μmol/L and 0.12 μmol/L, respectively. AUY-922 could induce cell cycle arrest of SH-SY5Y and KELLY cells in G₂/M phase in a dose-dependent manner. AUY-922 could degrade Cdc2 and ALK proteins in SH-SY5Y and KELLY cells in a dose-dependent manner, and reduce the levels of p-Akt, p-Erk and p-stat3. Conclusion The reversal effect of HSP90 inhibitor AUY-922 on drug resistance of human neuroblastoma to ALK inhibitor may be related to its induction of G₂/M cell cycle arrest, the degradation of ALK protein and the inhibition of downstream signal pathway.

Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the most common type of lung cancer accounting for 85% of the cases, is often diagnosed at advanced stages owing to the lack of efficient early diagnostic tools. 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) signatures in circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) that carries the cancer-specific epigenetic patterns may represent the valuable biomarkers for discriminating tumor and healthy individuals, and thus could be potentially useful for NSCLC diagnosis. Here, we employed a sensitive and reliable method to map genome-wide 5hmC in the cfDNA of Chinese NSCLC patients and detected a significant 5hmC gain in both the gene bodies and promoter regions in the blood samples from tumor patients compared with healthy controls. Specifically, we identified six potential biomarkers from 66 patients and 67 healthy controls (mean decrease accuracy >3.2, P < 3.68E-19) using machine-learning-based tumor classifiers with high accuracy. Thus, the unique signature of 5hmC in tumor patient's cfDNA identified in our study may provide valuable information in facilitating the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic modalities for NSCLC.
5-Methylcytosine ; analogs & derivatives ; blood ; Biomarkers, Tumor ; blood ; genetics ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; blood ; diagnosis ; genetics ; Case-Control Studies ; Circulating Tumor DNA ; blood ; DNA Methylation ; Epigenomics ; Female ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; blood ; diagnosis ; genetics ; Male ; Middle Aged

Objective To investigate the relationship between myocardial injury and damage of me-chanical synchrony in the left ventricle of patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy ( ICM) using 99 Tcm-MIBI MPI and gated 18 F-FDG myocardial metabolic PET imaging. Methods A total of 113 ICM patients ( 100 males, 13 females;average age (58±10) years) underwent 99Tcm-MIBI MPI and gated 18F-FDG myocardial metabolic PET imaging from July 2015 to December 2015 in Fu Wai Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. Three-point scoring system was used for quantitative assessment of myocardial ischemia and myocardial in-farction in each segment. Total ischemic score ( TIS) and total scar score ( TSS) of 17 segments were calcu-lated in each patient. The phase bandwidth ( BW) and phase SD were derived from phase analysis. Pearson correlation analysis and logistic regression analysis were used. Results TSS were correlated with BW and SD in all 93 patients with myocardial infarction ( r values:0. 517, 0.470, both P<0.01) and also in a sub-group of 34 patients with myocardial infarction and without myocardial ischemia ( r values: 0. 647, 0. 578, both P<0.01) . There were significant correlations between TIS and BW, SD in 79 patients with myocardial is-chemia ( r values:0.392, 0.378, both P<0.01) , but no significant correlation was found in a subgroup of 20 patients with myocardial ischemia and without myocardial infarction ( r values: 0. 002, -0. 003, both P>0. 05) . Logistic regression analysis showed that the number of myocardial infarction segments and TSS were as-sociated with mechanical dyssynchrony. Conclusion Myocardial infarction is the main factor of left ventricu-lar mechanical dyssynchrony in ICM patients, but chronic myocardial ischemia has no significant influence on mechanical dyssynchrony.

Objective To evaluate the clinical application of pulmonary high-resolution CT (HRCT) and radionuclide pulmonary V/Q scan in pediatric patients with bronchiolitis obliterans (BO).Methods From February 2005 to April 2011,30 BO pediatric patients (18 males,12 females,age range:7 months-14 years) in Beijing Children's Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University were recruited for pulmonary HRCT and radionuclide pulmonary V/Q scan.Kappa test was used to describe the consistency between "Mosaic perfusion pattern" in pulmonary HRCT and radionuclide pulmonary ventilation abnormalities.Results "Mosaic perfusion patterns" in pulmonary HRCT were showed in 30 cases (100％).Ventilation defects were found in 27 cases (90.0％) and perfusion defects in 25 cases (83.3％).The Kappa value between "Mosaic perfusion pattern" in pulmonary HRCT and pulmonary ventilation defects was 0.201 (0.1340.268),which was slightly higher than that between "Mosaic perfusion pattern" in pulmonary HRCT and pulmonary perfusion defects (0.147 (0.061-0.233)),but there was no statistical difference.Conclusions " Mosaic perfusion pattern" in pulmonary HRCT cannot distinguish between pulmonary ventilation and perfusion abnormalities.V/Q scan could be a useful tool for BO.

Objective To derive reference limits of cardiac functional parameters (CFP) determined by gated myocardial SPECT imaging, and to analyze the influence of gender, age and weight on CFP. Methods One hundred and seventy-five consecutive outpatients (89 males with age of (48.3±10.7) years and 86 females with age of (49.8±10.4) years) were defined as patients with low-likelihood coronary heart disease (LCHD). All patients underwent adenosine or exercise stress 99Tcm-MIBI G-MPI from February 2008 to April 2011. The EF, EDV and ESV of the left ventricle were measured by quantitative gated SPECT (QGS) software. The reference limits were derived by means of Gaussian distribution or percentiles. The influence of gender, age and weight on CFP was analyzed by multiple regressions for linear models. Two-sample t test was used to analyze data of 2 groups. Parameters between different age groups were compared by one-way analysis of variance. Results The lower reference limit of EF for males was 50%, the upper limit of EDV and ESV was 112 ml and 49 ml respectively. For females, the corresponding reference limits were 54%, 77 ml and 30 ml. Men had higher EDV, ESV (EDV: (75.8±18.3) ml vs (53.3±11.7) ml, t=9.35, P<001; ESV: (27.1±10.9) ml vs (14.3±7.9) ml, t=8.59, P<0.01) and lower EF than women ((65.1±76)% vs (74.7±10.0)%, t=-6.92, P<0.01). The incidence of small hearts in women was 76%(65/86). The gender and age was the primary and secondary predictors of both of EF and ESV, while the body weight was a significantly third predictor for cardiac volume. Patients were dived into different age (≤40 years, 41-49 years, ≥50 years) groups. For males, EDV, ESV and EF were not significantly different among the different age groups (F values: 1.106, 0.954, 1.029, all P>0.05). For females, EDV was not different (F=2408, P>005), while ESV and EF were significantly different among 3 groups (F values: 5.010, 6.229, both P<0.05). Conclusions The CFP determined by G-MPI in LCHD patients are significantly affected by gender and age. The age-related changes of CFP in males are different from those in females.

Objective: To assess the effect of coronary collateral circulation (CCC) on myocardial viabilityin patients with chronic total occlusion of left anterior descending (LAD) artery. Methods: A total of 101 consecutive patients with confirmed diagnosis of total LAD occlusion in our hospital were enrolled. Rest 99mTc-MIBISPECT myocardial perfusion and 18F-FDG PET were performed, in addition all patients received coronary angiography (CAG) at 3 months front and back. Both images were reconstructed in the same machine and QPS software was used to obtain the summed rest score (SRS), abnormal resting total perfusion defect (TPD), viable and non-viable myocardium, LVEDV, LVESV and LVEF in relevant patients. Based on CAG result, the patients were divided into 2 groups: CCC group, n=39 and No CCC group, n=62; according to existing old myocardial infarctionand location of LAD occlusion, the patients were further divided into 4 subgroups. The above parameters were compared among different groups. Results: There were 86 male and 15 female patients with the mean age at (59.92±11.43) years. Relevant parameters in CCC group and No CCC groupwere as in SRS: (21.23±9.68) vs (28.56±8.76), TPD: (30.03±13.69) %vs (40.37±12.50) %, viable myocardium: (21.77±13.12) % vs (13.66±9.23) %, non-viable myocardium (8.28±8.58) %vs (27.40±12.97) %, all P<0.05; in LVEDV: (109.82±30.01) ml vs (173.71±57.69) ml, LVESV: (62.82±22.39) ml vs (122.53±51.66) ml, LVEF: (43.85±8.46) % vs (31.03±8.30) %, all P<0.05. Conclusion: Our preliminary study found that CCC could maintain left ventricular rest perfusion, myocardial viability and protect cardiac function in patients with chronic total LAD occlusion.