OBJECTIVE To evaluate the ameliorative effect of Juanbi Tongluo Oral Liquid on sciatic neuronal apoptosis in Type 2 diabetic model mice.METHODS The Type 2 diabetes mouse model was established by feeding with high-fat and high-sugar diet combined with intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin(STZ).The mice were treated with metformin(200 mg·kg-1·d-1),low dose(3.9 g·kg-1·d-1)and high dose(7.8 g·kg-1·d-1)Juanbi Tongluo Oral Liquid for 35 days.The latency of response to thermal stimu-lation was detected by hot plate,and the values of blood glucose insulin and glycosylated hemoglobin were determined.Biochemical kits were used to detect the expression of serum total cholesterol(T-CHO),triglyceride(TG),high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C),low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C),superoxide dismutase(SOD),catalase(CAT),glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px)and oxidation product malondialdehyde(MDA).The expression of tumor cytokine α(TNF-α),interleukin(IL)-1β,IL-6 and IL-10 in serum of mice were detected by ELISA method;the injury of sciatic nerve of model mice was detected by HE staining;the apoptosis of sciatic nerve was detected by TUNEL method;and the expression of neurofilament protein NF-L,apoptosis(cleaved Caspase-3,Caspase-3)and oxidative stress(Nrf2,HO-1)signal pathway proteins in sciatic nerve of model mice were detected by Western blot method.RESULTS High-dose Juanbi Tongluo Oral Liquid shortened the latent period of heat pain response in model mice(P<0.01);downregulated fasting blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin(P<0.01),and upregulated fasting plasma insulin in model mice(P<0.01);downregulated serum T-CHO,TG,and LDL-C levels(P<0.01),upregulated HDL-C levels(P<0.01);downregulated serum pro-inflammatory factors TNF-α,IL-1β and IL-6 levels(P<0.05),upregulated the anti-inflammatory cyto-kine IL-10 level(P<0.01);inhibited sciatic nerve structural damage and apoptosis(P<0.05);downregulated the ratio of cleaved Caspase-3 to Caspase-3 in the apoptosis pathway(P<0.01);upregulated the expression of neurofilament proteins NF-L and NF-H in sciatic nerve tissue(P<0.05,P<0.01);and upregulated the expression of antioxidant stress proteins Nrf2 and HO-1(P<0.01).CONCLUSION Juanbi Tongluo Oral Liquid can improve sciatic neuronal apoptosis of Type 2 diabetic mice,which may be related to its effect on improving oxidative stress and inflammatory stress.

ObjectiveHuman Ku70 protein mainly involves the non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) repair of double-stranded DNA breaks (DSB) through its DNA-binding properties, and it is recently reported having an RNA-binding ability. This paper is to explore whether Ku70 has RNA helicase activity and affects miRNA maturation. MethodsRNAs bound to Ku protein were analyzed by RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing (RIP-seq) and bioinfomatic anaylsis. The expression relationship between Ku protein and miRNAs was verified by Western blot (WB) and quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) assays. Binding ability of Ku protein to the RNAs was tested by biolayer interferometry (BLI) assay. RNA helicase activity of Ku protein was identified with EMSA assay. The effect of Ku70 regulated miR-124 on neuronal differentiation was performed by morphology analysis, WB and immunofluorescence assays with or without Zika virus (ZIKV) infection. ResultsWe revealed that the Ku70 protein had RNA helicase activity and affected miRNA maturation. Deficiency of Ku70 led to the up-regulation of a large number of mature miRNAs, especially neuronal specific miRNAs like miR-124. The knockdown of Ku70 promoted neuronal differentiation in human neural progenitor cells (hNPCs) and SH-SY5Y cells by boosting miR-124 maturation. Importantly, ZIKV infection reduced the expression of Ku70 whereas increased expression of miR-124 in hNPCs, and led to morphologically neuronal differentiation. ConclusionOur study revealed a novel function of Ku70 as an RNA helicase and regulating miRNA maturation. The reduced expression of Ku70 with ZIKV infection increased the expression of miR-124 and led to the premature differentiation of embryonic neural progenitor cells, which might be one of the causes of microcephaly.

Objective To understand the disease experiences of women with endometriosis(EMs),so as to provide a basis for improving the diagnosis,treatment,nursing and support of this population.Methods The databases of PubMed,Web of Science,Scopus,Embase,Cochrane Library,VIP,Wanfang Data,CNKI,CBM were retrieved on qualitative research about the disease experiences of endometriosis patients from inception to Jun 2023.The quality of the literature was evaluated by Joanna Briggs Institute(JBI)Critical Appraisal Tool for qualitative studies.Results A total of 17 studies were included,51 clear research findings were extracted,which were summarized into 10 new categories and 3 integrated results:(1)Cyclical episodes of the disease not only bring physical and psychological distress,but also lead to decreasing the patient's sense of female identity,destroying social and intimating relationships;(2)The doctor and patient interaction is influenced by imbalance of cognitive,the process of diagnosis and treatment is full of challenges,and patients have a demand for professional information and social support;(3)Growing up in pain,patients actively self-adjust and positively cope with the disease.Conclusion EMs affects patients'quality of life physiologically and psychologically,with prevalent issues of delayed diagnosis and repeated treatments.The professional information supported by health professionals needs to be improved.Healthcare providers should pay more attention to patients'physical and emotional experiences in their clinical work,improve their informal support,participate in long-term management,and improve patients'ability to manage their diseases.

Objective:To discuss the feasibility of the viscosity determination method in the registration standard of type IB magnesium aluminum silicate.Methods:Two different types of high speed blender and rotary viscometer were used to investigate the viscosity of IB-type magnesium aluminum silicate.Results:When the viscosity of mag-nesium aluminum silicate(IB type)was investigated by rod high-speed stirrer and rotary viscometer,the samples did not meet the requirements.When the viscosity of magnesium aluminum silicate(IB type)was investigated by wall breaker and rotary viscometer,the samples met the requirements.Conclusion:IB type magnesium aluminum silicate is a thixotropic non-newtonian fluid,and the viscosity measurement results of it are greatly affected by the high speed blender.It is recommended that the type of high speed blender which is suitable for use in the test should be specified.

Objective:To study the overall training effect of segmented training model on key fiberoptic bronchoscopy techniques for anesthesiology residents and the influence of key technique training order on the training effect.Methods:Different fiberoptic bronchoscopy simulators were used for specialized training in different key techniques of fiberoptic operation. To examine the effect of key technique learning order on the teaching effect, 40 anesthesiology residents who participated in fiberscope simulation training at Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine between November 2022 and March 2023 were selected for this study. They were randomly divided into two groups (Group S and Group M) using a numerical table method. The teaching was completed using two orders of key techniques. The operation time, operation quality score, and theoretical knowledge mastery score of the two groups were recorded to compare the effect of key technique learning order on the mastery of fiberoptic skills. SPSS 29.0 statistical software was used for data analysis. Measurement data that conformed to normal distribution were expressed as mean ± standard deviation, and the independent samples t-test or Fisher's exact test were used for comparison between groups. The chi-square test was used for comparison of enumeration data. Results:After segmented training in each key technique, both groups of trainees were able to shorten the operation time of the corresponding key technique [SM simulator operation time (132.25±14.69) s vs. (49.80±4.46) s in group S, P<0.01; M simulator operation time (82.30±11.60) s vs. (57.10±6.77) s in group S, P<0.01; SM simulator operation time (83.10±10.62) s vs. (52.10±5.20) s in group M, P<0.01; M simulator operation time (132.25±14.69) s vs. (55.40±5.91) s in group M, P<0.01)]. Moreover, both groups showed a reduced number of wall touches [SM simulator wall touches (3.35±0.93) times vs. (0.65±0.49) times in group S, P<0.01; M simulator wall touches (2.50±1.05) times vs. (0.70±0.80) times in group S, P<0.01; SM simulator wall touches (1.55±1.15) times vs. (0.40±0.50) times in group M, P<0.01; M simulator wall touches (5.90±1.29) times vs. (1.10±0.79) times in group M, P<0.01]. There were no significant differences between the two groups in the performance score of fiberoptic-guided tracheal intubation after training [(92.50±5.97) points vs. (91.75±5.45) points] and in the lung segment localization time [(23.15±4.39) s, (21.40±4.84) s, (22.85±4.42) s vs. (22.75±5.11) s, (21.00±5.40) s, (21.50±5.10) s]. Conclusions:Segmented training on key fiberoptic bronchoscopy techniques is an effective model of fiberscope training for anesthesiology residents, and the order of training key techniques does not affect the effectiveness of training.

AIM To establish a UPLC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous content determination of Asp,Guad,Adeno,Arg,Ade,Cyti,Phe,Leu,Ile,Glu,Ser,Gln,Gly,Ala,Hyp,Thr,Pro and Lys in Asini Corii Colla.METHODS The analysis was performed on a 45℃ thermostatic Waters BEH C18column(2.1 mm×50 mm,1.7 μm),with the mobile phase comprising of acetonitrile(containing 0.1% formic acid)-water flowing at 0.35 mL/min in a gradient elution manner,and electron spray ionization source was adopted in positive ion scanning with multiple reaction monitoring mode.Subsequently,chemical pattern recognition was performed by hierarchical clustering analysis,principal component analysis and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis.RESULTS Eighteen nucleosides and free amino acids showed good linear relationships within their own ranges(r≥0.999 0),whose average recoveries were 98.0%-104.9% with the RSDs of 1.6%-4.9% .Seventeen batches of samples were clustered into two categories,two principal components demonstrated the accumulative variance contribution rate of 60.75%,Leu,Phe,Ade and Guad were potential index constituents.CONCLUSION This stable and reliable method can be used for the quality control of Asini Corii Colla.

Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is a common infectious disease among children, and has emerged as a substantial global public health concern, particularly in the Asia-Pacific region. It has a serious impact on children′s health and imposes a significant disease burden on families and society. Currently, there are three globally available HFMD vaccines (all of them are EV71 inactivated vaccine), which were first approved and marketed in China in 2016. Real-world studies have shown a decrease in the incidence, severity, and mortality rate of EV71-related HFMD, providing evidence of its effectiveness. Additionally, related data have indicated a significant change in the pathogen spectrum of HFMD in China in the post-vaccine era. This article aims to provide a comprehensive review of the safety, effectiveness and immune-persistence data of EV71 vaccine acquired through real-world studies.

Pseudoexfoliative glaucoma(PEXG)is an eye disease that seriously endangers vision. It is more invasive than primary open-angle glaucoma(POAG), with more serious damage to the optic nerve, worse prognosis and higher resistance to treatment. Early diagnosis of PEXG can help to treat the disease in time and delay the progress of the disease, so it is important to determine appropriate biomarkers. In recent years, more and more people have begun to study the biomarkers of PEXG, hoping to understand the pathogenesis of the disease, find out the potential early diagnosis and treatment targets of PEXG, and provide some help to the disease through the research of genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics and lipomics markers. This article will review the progress of biomarkers of PEXG in recent years, some biomarkers may provide new ideas for early diagnosis of PEXG in the future.

As arsenic widely exists in nature and has been used in the pharmaceutical preparations, the traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) with arsenic include realgar(As_2S_2 or As_4S_4), orpiment(As_2S_3), and white arsenic(As_2O_3). Among the above representative medicine, the TCM compound formulas with realgar are utilized extensively. Just in Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2020 edition), there are 37 Chinese patent medicines including realgar. The traditional element analysis focuses on the detection of the total amount of elements, which neglects the study on the speciation and valence of elements. The activity, toxicity, bioavailability, and metabolic pathways of arsenic in vivo are closely related to the existence of its form, and different forms of arsenic have different effects on organisms. Therefore, the study on the speciation and valence of arsenic is of great importance for arsenic-containing TCMs and their compound formulas. This paper reviewed four aspects of the speciation and valence of arsenic, including property, absorption and metabolism, toxicity, and analytical assay.
Arsenic/analysis* ; Arsenicals/analysis* ; Sulfides ; Arsenic Trioxide ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/analysis* ; Biological Products

Fermented Chinese medicine has long been used. Amid the advance for preservation of experience, the connotation of fermented Chinese medicine has been enriched and improved. However, fermented Chinese medicine prescriptions generally contain a lot of medicinals. The fermentation process is complicated and the conventional fermentation conditions fail to be strictly controlled. In addition, the judgment of the fermentation end point is highly subjective. As a result, quality of fermented Chinese medicine is of great difference among regions and unstable. At the moment, the quality standards of fermented Chinese medicine are generally outdated and different among regions, with simple quality control methods and lacking objective safe fermentation-specific evaluation indictors. It is difficult to comprehensively evaluate and control the quality of fermented medicine. These problems have aroused concern in the industry and also affected the clinical application of fermented Chinese medicine. This article summarized and analyzed the application, quality standards, and the modernization of fermentation technology and quality control methods of fermented Chinese medicine and proposed suggestions for improving the quality standards of the medicine, with a view to improving the overall quality of it.
Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Reference Standards ; Quality Control ; Fermentation