Hepatic Epstein-Barr virus–positive inflammatory follicular dendritic cell sarcoma (EBV+ IFDCS) represents a rare form of liver malignancy. The absence of distinct clinical and radiological characteristics, compounded by its rare occurrence, contributes to a challenging diagnosis. Here, we report a case of a 54-year-old Chinese female with a background of chronic hepatitis B virus treated with entecavir and complicated by advanced fibrosis presenting with a liver mass found on her annual surveillance ultrasound. Hepatectomy was performed under clinical suspicion of hepatocellular carcinoma. Immunomorphologic characteristics of the tumor were consistent with EBV+ IFDCS with distinct non-caseating granulomatous inflammation. Our case illustrates the importance of considering EBV+ IFDCS in the differential diagnosis of hepatic inflammatory lesions. Awareness of this entity and its characteristic features is essential for accurately diagnosing and managing this rare neoplasm.

Hepatic Epstein-Barr virus–positive inflammatory follicular dendritic cell sarcoma (EBV+ IFDCS) represents a rare form of liver malignancy. The absence of distinct clinical and radiological characteristics, compounded by its rare occurrence, contributes to a challenging diagnosis. Here, we report a case of a 54-year-old Chinese female with a background of chronic hepatitis B virus treated with entecavir and complicated by advanced fibrosis presenting with a liver mass found on her annual surveillance ultrasound. Hepatectomy was performed under clinical suspicion of hepatocellular carcinoma. Immunomorphologic characteristics of the tumor were consistent with EBV+ IFDCS with distinct non-caseating granulomatous inflammation. Our case illustrates the importance of considering EBV+ IFDCS in the differential diagnosis of hepatic inflammatory lesions. Awareness of this entity and its characteristic features is essential for accurately diagnosing and managing this rare neoplasm.

Hepatic Epstein-Barr virus–positive inflammatory follicular dendritic cell sarcoma (EBV+ IFDCS) represents a rare form of liver malignancy. The absence of distinct clinical and radiological characteristics, compounded by its rare occurrence, contributes to a challenging diagnosis. Here, we report a case of a 54-year-old Chinese female with a background of chronic hepatitis B virus treated with entecavir and complicated by advanced fibrosis presenting with a liver mass found on her annual surveillance ultrasound. Hepatectomy was performed under clinical suspicion of hepatocellular carcinoma. Immunomorphologic characteristics of the tumor were consistent with EBV+ IFDCS with distinct non-caseating granulomatous inflammation. Our case illustrates the importance of considering EBV+ IFDCS in the differential diagnosis of hepatic inflammatory lesions. Awareness of this entity and its characteristic features is essential for accurately diagnosing and managing this rare neoplasm.

Human brain banks use a standardized protocol to collect,process and store post-mortem human brains and related tissues,along with relevant clinical information,and to provide the tissue samples and data as a resource to foster neuroscience research according to a standardized operating protocols(SOP).Human brain bank serves as the foundation for neuroscience research and the diagnosis of neurological disorders,highlighting the crucial rule of ensuring the consistency of standardized quality for brain tissue samples.The first version of SOP in 2017 was published by the China Human Brain Bank Consortium.As members increases from different regions in China,a revised SOP was drafted by experts from the China Human Brain Bank Consortium to meet the growing demands for neuroscience research.The revised SOP places a strong emphasis on ethical standards,incorporates neuropathological evaluation of brain regions,and provides clarity on spinal cord sampling and pathological assessment.Notable enhancements in this updated version of the SOP include reinforced ethical guidelines,inclusion of matching controls in recruitment,and expansion of brain regions to be sampled for neuropathological evaluation.

OBJECTIVE: To observe the clinical characteristics and impact on mortality of carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CRPA) colonized or infected patients with hematological disorders in order to provide evidence for the prevention and treatment of CRPA. METHODS: The patients who were colonized or infected with CRPA in the Department of Hematology of The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University from January 2020 to March 2021 were selected as the research subjects, the clinical data such as hospitalization time, primary disease treatment regimen, granulocyte count, previous infection and antibiotic regimen of these patients were analyzed, meanwhile, antibiotic regimen and efficacy during CRPA infection, 30-day and long-term survival were also analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 59 patients were included in this study, and divided into CRPA infection group (43 cases) and CRPA colonization group (16 cases). Univariate logistic regression analysis showed that ECOG score (P =0.003), agranulocytosis (P <0.001), and exposure to upper than 3^rd generations of cephalosporins and tigecycline within 30 days (P =0.035, P =0.017) were the high-risk factors for CRPA infection. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that ECOG score of 3/4 ( OR=10.815, 95%CI: 1.260-92.820, P =0.030) and agranulocytosis ( OR=13.82, 95%CI: 2.243-85.176, P =0.005) were independent risk factors for CRPA infection. There was a statistically significant difference in cumulative survival rate between CRPA colonization group and CRPA infection group ( χ²=14.134, P < 0.001). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that the influencing factors of 30-day survival in patients with CRPA infection were agranulocytosis (P =0.022), soft tissue infection (P =0.03), and time of hospitalization before CRPA infection (P =0.041). Cox regression analysis showed that agranulocytosis was an independent risk factor affecting 30-day survival of patients with CRPA infection (HR=3.229, 95%CI :1.093-3.548, P =0.034). CONCLUSIONS Patients with hematological disorders have high mortality and poor prognosis after CRPA infection. Bloodstream infection and soft tissue infection are the main causes of death. Patients with high suspicion of CRPA infection and high-risk should be treated as soon as possible.
Humans ; Carbapenems/therapeutic use* ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa ; Soft Tissue Infections/drug therapy* ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use* ; Hematologic Diseases ; Survival Analysis

Licking behavior is important for water intake. The deep mesencephalic nucleus (DpMe) has been implicated in instinctive behaviors. However, whether the DpMe is involved in licking behavior and the precise neural circuit behind this behavior remains unknown. Here, we found that the activity of the DpMe decreased during water intake. Inhibition of vesicular glutamate transporter 2-positive (VGLUT2⁺) neurons in the DpMe resulted in increased water intake. Somatostatin-expressing (SST⁺), but not protein kinase C-δ-expressing (PKC-δ⁺), GABAergic neurons in the central amygdala (CeA) preferentially innervated DpMe VGLUT2⁺ neurons. The SST⁺ neurons in the CeA projecting to the DpMe were activated at the onset of licking behavior. Activation of these CeA SST⁺ GABAergic neurons, but not PKC-δ⁺ GABAergic neurons, projecting to the DpMe was sufficient to induce licking behavior and promote water intake. These findings redefine the roles of the DpMe and reveal a novel CeA^SST-DpMe^VGLUT2 circuit that regulates licking behavior and promotes water intake.

Objective:To identify age and gender standardized body mass index among children and adolescents and explore their associations with high blood pressure (HBP) in late adolescence.Methods:The current study was based on the Health Promotion Program for Children and Adolescents, school-based surveillance successively conducted from 2012 to 2019 in Suzhou, China. A total of 11 812 children and adolescents aged 16-18 years, who had ≥4 examination records during 2012-2018 and were also involved in a surveillance program in 2019, were included. Latent class growth mixture modeling was used to identify the BMI-Z trajectories in different genders, and multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the associations between different BMI-Z trajectories and risk of HBP in late adolescence.Results:Six distinct BMI-Z trajectories were determined for both genders:thin, slightly thin,standard, declining, overweight, and obese. Compared with the regular group, the obesity group had 94.0% ( OR=1.94, 95% CI: 1.43-2.63) and 107.0% ( OR=2.07, 95% CI: 1.33-3.22) increased risk of developing HBP in late adolescence in boys and girls, respectively. However, a neutral association was found between the descending group and HBP in late adolescence. Conclusions:Persistent obesity in children may increase the risk of HBP in their late adolescence. If an obese child restores normal weight before late adolescence, the risk of HBP may reduce.

Adult ; Azoospermia/pathology* ; Carbonic Anhydrases/genetics* ; Congenital Abnormalities/genetics* ; Epithelial Sodium Channels/genetics* ; Gene Expression Regulation/genetics* ; Genome, Human ; Humans ; Infertility, Male/genetics* ; Male ; Male Urogenital Diseases/genetics* ; Mutation ; Vas Deferens/abnormalities*

BackgroundSerum cryptococcal antigen (CrAg) test is the most used noninvasive method to detect cryptococcal infection. However, false-negative CrAg test is not uncommon in clinical practice. Then, the aim of this study was to investigate the factors associated with false-negative CrAg test among non-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) adult patients with pulmonary cryptococcosis and its clinical features.

MethodsOne hundred and fourteen non-HIV adult patients with pulmonary cryptococcosis, proven by biopsy, were retrospectively reviewed. Finally, 85 patients were enrolled; 56 were CrAg positive (CrAg+ group) and 29 were negative (CrAg- group). It was a cross-sectional study. Then, baseline characteristics, underlying diseases, clinical symptoms, laboratory findings, and chest radiological findings were reviewed and analyzed. Chi-square test was used to analyze categorical variable. Odds ratio (OR) was used to measure correlation. Student's t- test was obtained to analyze continuous variable.

ResultsNo difference in baseline characteristics, underlying diseases, clinical symptoms, and laboratory findings were found between two groups (P > 0.05 in all). Nevertheless, diffuse extent lesion was 82.1% in CrAg+ group and 10.3% in CrAg- group (χ = 40.34, P < 0.001; OR = 39.87).

ConclusionsAmong patients with limited pulmonary involvement, a negative serum CrAg does not preclude the diagnosis of pulmonary cryptococcosis. However, among patients with extensive pulmonary involvement, serum CrAg is a useful diagnostic tool for pulmonary cryptococcosis. Furthermore, we also noticed that the untypical and mild presentations with extensive pulmonary lesion might be the features of pulmonary cryptococcosis, which needs further investigation.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Cryptococcosis ; immunology ; pathology ; Humans ; Lung Diseases ; immunology ; pathology ; Male ; Retrospective Studies

OBJECTIVETo establish a new method for rapid and quantitative measurement of orbital fat volume based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data.

METHODSWe collected MRI data from normalized mold and patients with the diagnosis of thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO). The cross-sectional areas of the orbital fat on each MR image slice were measured to calculate the fat volume on each slice and then the total orbital fat volume. We recorded the time for completing the measurement and assessed the precision, reliability, repeatability and interoperator variations of the results.

RESULTSThis MRI data-based method allowed precise measurement of the orbital fat volumes with an absolute value of the mean percentage difference <1%. This method was fast and the results showed a good repeatability (with CVs <1%), a high reliability (ICC=0.996, 95%CI: 0.985-0.999) and a high interoperator concordance (95%CI of the Bland-Altman: -0.54-0.90).

CONCLUSIONThe novel method we established for orbital fat volume measurement is rapid, accurate, reliable and reproducible with a low learning cost for clinical use.