The study is aimed to create seed materials and dissect the molecular mechanism of sexual propagation of Gastrodia elata. In this research, thirteen characteristics of flowers, flower stem, fruits, seeds and embryo of G.elata f. glauca and G.elata f. elata after bolting at room temperature(RT) and constant temperature(CT, 22 ℃) were determined. It was found that the constant temperature condition could prolong the bolting duration of G.elata and increased the number of flowers, while the variety of G.elata only affected the bolting duration, but had no effect on the number of flowers, and the G.elata f. elata was more likely to bolting than the G.elata f. glauca. The variety of G.elata was the main factor affecting the time of dehiscent fruit of G.elata, the temperature was the main factor affecting the fruits number and fruits diameter, and the constant temperature was more conducive to the fruits shape of G.elata than the room temperature. There was no significant difference in seed phenotype of G.elata varieties, but the seed embryo of G.elata seeds cultivated at constant temperature was fuller than that of G.elata cultivated at room temperature, and temperature had less influence on the seed phenotype of G.elata. But it was interesting to find that temperature and varieties had greater influence on the seed embryo of G.elata, constant temperature cultivation was more conducive to the formation of seed embryo of G.elata, and more the seed embryo of G.elata f. elata was easier to form than the seed embryo of G.elata f. glauca. However, the development of seeds and embryos of G.elata was significantly affected, and the development of seeds and embryos of G.elata f. glauca was more sensitive to temperature than G.elata f. elata. The research suggested that it is advisable for G.elata to produce seed materials by bolting at constant temperature(22 ℃).
Fruit/growth & development* ; Gastrodia/growth & development* ; Phenotype ; Reproduction ; Seeds/growth & development* ; Temperature

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical manifestations pathologic features, treatment options and prognosis of patients with bone lymphoma. METHODS: The clinical characteristics, pathologic features, treatment and prognosis of 34 BL patients diagnosed by histopathologic method or/and PET-CT and treated in first hospital of peking university from January 2004 to April 2018 were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: The median age of 34 BL patients was 56 years old, the male and female ratio was 1.43∶1 (24 /10). Among 34 patients, the patients with primary bone lymphoma(PBL) were 8 cases, the patients with secondary bone lymphoma(SBL) was 26 cases, the PBL and SBL ratio was 0.31∶1. Bone lymphoma lacks typical systemic symptoms, and its onset began mostly from bone pain and pathologic bone fracture. The most frequent pathological type of bone lymphoma in our study was diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), accounting for 55.88%. At present, the conventional treatment for bone lymphoma includes chemotherapy, or chemotherapy combined with radiotherapy and surgery, as well as hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The average and median OS time of BL patients were 349 years and 3 years respectively, meanwhile the OS rate for three years and two years were 56.25% and 78.16%, respectively. Factors that affect survival of BL patients were PBL and SBL classification, pathological type, blood LDH level, and treatment methods. CONCLUSION Bone lymphoma is usually concealed onset，an adequate and adequate combination therapy can improve the survival rate and transplantation therapy plays an important role. Primary bone lymphoma is rare, the prognosis of patients with primary bone lymphoma is good, whereas the prognosis of patients with secondary bone lymphoma is poor.
Bone Neoplasms ; Female ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; Humans ; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies

Objective: To optimize the pre-column derivation high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) content determination method of D-mannose and D-glucose as well as the content determination method of narinhenin in Dendrobium officinale and D. huoshanense, and compare the contents of D-mannose,D-glucose and narinhenin between D. officinale and D. huoshanense. Method: A pre-column derivation HPLC method modified by Chinese Pharmacopoeia(Ch.P) 2015 was used to simultaneously determine the contents of D-mannose and D-glucose,with acetonitrile-0.02 mol·L^-1 ammonium acetate solution as mobile phase for gradient elution. Kromasil 100-5 C₁₈ was performed with the wavelength set at 250 nm,and the flow rate was 1 mL·min^-1;column temperature was 30℃. HPLC content determination of narinhenin was performed on Kromasil 100-5 C₁₈ with the acetonitrile-methanol-0.4% phosphoric acid solution as mobile phase for gradient elution,and the wavelength was set at 290 nm; the flow rate was 0.8 mL·min^-1,and column temperature was 40℃. Result: D-mannose and D-glucose showed a good linear relationship within the range of 0.15-3.0 μg and 0.075-2.25 μg (r=0.999 9); and their average recoveries were 99.01% (RSD 2.1%) and 101.69% (RSD 2.0%) respectively. In addition, the other methodological researches such as repeatability and durability all met the requirements. The contents of D-mannose(C_m),D-glucose(C_g) and sum of them (C_m+C_g) were 12.75%-36.40%,2.93%-18.39% and 19.23%-54.58% in 43 batch of D. officinale. Almost all of the results except very few samples reached the D-mannose standard in Ch.P 2015, and the total content of D-mannose and D-glucose was also up to the total polysccharide standard in Ch.P. The correlation between content and origin was not significant. The contents of D-mannose(C_m),D-glucose(C_g) and sum of them (C_m+C_g) were 14.33%-29.47%,6.64%-15.20%,and 25.73%-44.37% in 12 batch of D. huoshanense. These contents and ratio of peak areas of D-mannose to D-glucose (A_m/A_g) were within the scope of D. officinale's; in addition, their average contents were basically the same with those in D. officinale (about 33%).Next,naringenin showed a good linear relationship within the range of 0.020 8-0.832 0 μg (r=0.999 9),and its average recovery was 101.96% (RSD 1.8%). The content of naringenin was 0.053 2-0.122 4 mg·g^-1 (average value of 0.081 0 mg·g^-1) in 11 batch of D. officinale, slightly higher than 0.040 3-0.090 0 mg ·g^-1 (average value of 0.068 3 mg ·g^-1) in 7 batch of D. huoshanense. All of these results of narinfenin did not reach the content lower limit in Ch.P. Conclusion: The method used to determinate the content of D-mannose and D-glucose is reproducible, and their sum content is possible to substitute the total polysccaride determination (with higher errors) in D. officinale; monosaccharide content determination can be used for quantitative quality control of D. huoshanense. However, it could not distinguish D. officinale and D. huoshanense by determining the contents of polysccharide,D-glucose,D-mannose and narinhenin, and shall be combined with other specificity methods for further identification.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the characteristic changes of the plasma cytokine profile in Chinese patients with idiopathic multicentric Castleman diseases (iMCD). METHODS: The plasma samples from 22 patients with confirmed diagnosis of iMCD were collected before treatments; Specimens from 17 patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma, 10 non Hodgkin's lymphoma, and 15 healthy donors were used as control. Seventeen kinds of cytokines were measured by cytokine beads array (CBA) and ELISA respectively. RESULTS: Six cytokines were measured by ELISA. The concentrations of IL-2, IL-6, IL-21 and VEGF were significantly higher in the plasma of iMCD patients than those of the healthy donors (P＜0.01) and the level of IL-21 was highest in the iMCD group. There was no significant difference in the levels of IL-1β and IL-4 between the iMCD and healthy donor groups. Thirteen cytokines were measured by CBA assay, besides IL-6 level was confirmed to be higher in iMCD group than that in healthy controls (P＜0.01）, IL-12-p70 and IL-33 levels were also higher in iMCD group than those in control group (P＜0.05）, no significant difference of the rest cytokines was found between iMCD and the control group. CONCLUSION IL-6 and VEGF has shown to involved in the pathogenesis of iMCD, the results of preliminary study imply the role of IL-2 、IL-21、IL-12-p70 and IL-33 in this rare lymphoproliferative disease. Further studies are needed to elucidate the mechanism of these cytokines, which may shed some light on the identification of novel therapeutic targets against iMCD.
Castleman Disease ; Cytokines ; Humans ; Interleukin-12 ; Interleukin-1beta ; Plasma

Objective To understand Clonorchis sinensis infections in cats in Nanning City, so as to provide evidence for the control of the reservoir host of C. sinensis. Methods The cat livers were purchased from cat slaughterhouses in Nanning City. The cat gallbladder and liver were dissected, and liver flukes were collected and counted. Then, the worms were subjected to morphological observation, amplification of the ITS2 gene and sequencing. The species of the worms were identified using BLAST. Results A total of 105 cat livers were collected from two cat slaughterhouses, and 68 were detected with C. sinensis infections, with an infection rate of 64.76%. The highest burden was 980 worms in a single liver, and the mean burden was 72 worms in a liver. There were 3 types of liver flukes with various size and morphology, and all were identified as C. sinensis by means of morphological observation, ITS2 gene amplification, sequencing and sequence alignment. Conclusion There is a high infection rate of C. sinensi in marketed cats in Nanning City, and it is therefore suggested that targeted interventions should be intensified for the management of C. sinensis infections in cats.

OBJECTIVETo analyze the incidence of bone marrow involvement in patients with different pathological types of lymphoma.

METHODSThe results of bone marrow tests including bone marrow aspiration(BMA), flow cytometry detection, bone marrow biopsy(BMB) and F-FDG PET/CT, were analyzed retrospectively in 702 cases of newly diagnosed lymphoma with bone marrow assessment in our hospital from October 2000 to September 2016. If one of the above-mentioned 4 tests showed positive, the lymphoma patient was judged as bone marrow involved.

RESULTSThe incidence of bone marrow involvement (BMI ) in the patients with NHL was much higher than that in patients with HL [32.6 %(201/616) vs 15%(13/86)](P<0.05). For patients with NHL, the incidence of bone marrow involvement in B-cell lymphoma was higher than that in T-cell lymphoma (37.0% vs 22.6%)(P<0.05). According to different pathological types, the incidences of BMI in the patient with mantle cell lymphoma, hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and follical lymphoma (FL) were 88% (25/22), 100% (5/5), 21.8% (56/257), and 38.5% (15/39) , respectively.

CONCLUSIONThe incidence of bone marrow involvement varies in different pathological types of lymphoma.Bone marrow assessment has significant importance for stading of newly diagnosed lymphoma patients.

OBJECTIVETo explore the prognostic value of interimF-FDG PET/CT (i-PET/CT) scan for the patients with newly diagnosed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL).

METHODSA total of 70 cases of initially diagnosed of DLBCL by 158F-FDG PET/CT scans in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed. The 5-point scale, the Lugano classification and maximum standardized uptake value induction (ΔSUVmax) criteria were used respectively to assess i-PET/CT scans. Receiver-operating characteristics (ROC) analysis was used to determine an optimal cutoff for ΔSUVmax. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) times were estimated as prognostic indicators using the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression.

RESULTSOptimal cutoff to predict progression or death was 62% for ΔSUVmax. The positive predictive value (PPV) for 2-year PFS and OS of i-PET/CT diagnosed by 5-point scale was low, and could be improved by using the Lugano classification with decreased sensitivity or ΔSUVmax criteria. Kaplan-Meier survival curve analysis showed that the Lugano classification and ΔSUVmax were good predictors for PFS and OS, respectively, while the 5-point scale could only predict OS. Cox regression univariate analysis showed that the International Prognostic Index (IPI) score was better to predict PFS than 5-point scale, but worse than the three assessments in predicting OS. COX regression multivariate analysis showed that ΔSUVmax<62% was an independent risk factor of prognosis, while the Lugano classification was only the OS independent prognostic predictor.

CONCLUSIONAssessing i-PET/CT by 5-point scale is a limited value for predicting PFS and OS in DLBCL patients. The Lugano classification is recommended to discriminate the patients with poorer outcomes. The ΔSUVmax criteria for i-PET/CT of DLBCL patients is an independent prognostic predictor for PFS and OS, better than the IPI score.

OBJECTIVETo assess the safety and efficacy of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) in treating patients with relapsed and refractory lymphoma.

METHODSThirty-one consecutive patients with relapsed or refractory lymphoma received allo-HSCT. Used conditioning regimens included conditioning based on BEAM regimen(12 cases), conditioning based on modified Bu/Cy regimen(11 cases), conditioning based on Cy/TBI regemen(6 cases) and conditioning of Bu/Cy regimen(1 case). For provention of GVHD, the MMF was used on the basis of classcal protocol consisting of CsA combined with MTX. The infused HSC included the HLA-matched related HSC(11 cases), HLA nonidentical related HSC(13 cases) and HLA-matched unrelated HSC(6 cases). The bone marrow plus peripheral blood HSC were infused in 21 cases, while only peripheral blood HSC were infused in 9 cases. Among the 31 cases of relapse/refractory lymphoma, 18 patients were male and 13 were female, 4 cases were Hodgkin's lymphoma and 27 cases were non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. ALL of the 31 patients were qualified, as they were not in complete remission (CR) or in advanced stage at the time of transplantation.

RESULTSTwenty-seven evaluable patients showed the engraftment of both neutrophil and platelet at a median of 12 days(range 10-20) and 13 days(range 9-34) respectively, 9 cases developed II-IV aGVHD, and cGVHD was observed in 3 patients, 5 patients can not achieve CR at 3 months after transplantation, and 6 patients relapsed after CR, the median follow-up of all the 31 patients after transplantation was 11.5 months (ranged, 0-141 months), and the 2-year OS was 46.1%±9.5% with median survival of 40 (9-141) months in the 15 survivors. The age (P<0.05), disease status before transplantation (P=0.020) and remission after transplantation(P=0.000) were significantly related with survival. Cox's proportional hazards regression model analysis showed that the age (P=0.041) and disease statue (P=0.020) before allo-HSCT were independent predictive factors for survival.

CONCLUSIONAllo-HSCT is an optimal treatment strategy for the patients with relapsed and refractory lymphoma who failed to most, if not all, available options.

This study was aimed to analyze the clinical and pathological characteristics of patients with primary extranodal lymphoma (PENL). A total of 236 patients with PENL were enrolled to evaluate the clinical and pathological features. The clinical data of 236 patients with PENL confirmed by pathological and immunohistochemical methods between January 2001 and March 2012 were analyzed retrospectively. The results indicated that: (1)236 patients with PENL accounted for 40.7% of lymphoma over the same period. Median age was 55 years old (from 16 to 91 years old) . There were 153 males and 83 females(ratio 1.8: 1). (2)The common sites of involvement were gastrointestinal tract, nasal cavity, tonsil, mediastinum, skin, spleen, testis, bone and soft tissue, central nervous system, which accounted for 30.1% (71/236), 10.6% (25/236), 8.9% (21/236), 5.9% (14/236), 5.1% (12/236), 4.7% (11/236), 4.2% (10/236) , 4.2% (10/236) , 3.0% (7/236) respectively. (3)Symptoms of PENL did not have special characteristics, however its signs usually manifested with the enlargement or mass of organs, which accounted for 66.9% (158/236) in this study. (4)According to WHO classification of tumours of haematopoietic and lymphoid tissues in 2008, the common pathological type of gastrointestinal lymphoma was diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma; the common pathological type of nasal lymphoma was extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma; the common pathological type of tonsillar lymphoma, testicular lymphoma, CNS lymphoma was diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. It is concluded that the primary extranodal lymphoma is not rare, it is alert to PENL while organs enlarge or mass forms, so that clinical physician should pay attention to tissue biopsy.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Female ; Humans ; Lymphoma, Extranodal NK-T-Cell ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Young Adult

This study was aimed to investigate the clinical manifestation, pathological features, treatment and related prognosis factors of primary mediastinal large B cell lymphoma (PMLBCL). The clinical data of 29 PMLBCL patients admitted in Peking University First Hospital were summarized and the related factors were analyzed retrospectively from January 2000 to November 2013. The results showed that 29 patients with the median age 32 were all pathologically diagnosed as PMLBCL. The main clinical features included mediastinal bulk mass (72.4%), superior vena caval syndrome (51.7%), dyspnea (62.1%), serous membrane fluid (48.3%), with 62.1% extranodal invasion and 62.1% extra-thoracic involvement. According to Ann-Arbor stage, 16 patients (55.1%) were classified to stage I/II and 13 patients (44.9%) to stage III/IV, 12 patients (41.4%) had B symptoms. Among the 29 patients, 2 patients failed to be followed and the others were followed for the median time of 29 months, 17 patients achieved CR, 5 patients achieved PR, 1 patient replaced and 4 patients died of disease progression. The 5-year overall survival rate (OS) was 85.2%, in which RCHOEP regimen group patients had OS 94.4% and CHOEP group patients had OS 75%; 8 patients underwent auto-HSCT and 1 patients underwent allo-HSCT who kept in CR state. Univariate analysis by log-rank test showed albumin level and LDH ≥ 2ULN, the initial therapy response and IPI score were prognostic factors , but neither were independent prognostic factors by Cox Regression Model. It is concluded that PMLBCL has distinct clinical features. RCHOEP chemotherapy regimen can achieve satisfactory results, but needs to be explored by further clinical trials.
Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Mediastinal Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Rate