Objective To investigate the effect of artemisinin(ART)on the malignant biological behavior of colorectal cancer(CRC)cells stimulated by glucose and its mechanism.Methods The concentration gradients of 0,5,10,20,40 and 60 μmol/L of ART were used to treat the human colorectal cancer cell line SW480,and then the cell viability was detected by CCK-8.Cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry.Transwell was used to detect the cell migration and invasion.Western blot was used to detect the apoptosis,epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)and Janus kinase 2(JAK2)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(STAT3)related proteins expression.Results Compared with the 0 μmol/L of ART,the viability of SW480 cells decreased under 5,10,20,40,60 μmol/L of ART treatment(P<0.05),and IC50 was 36.91 μmol/L.Therefore,the cells treated with 10,20 and 40 μmol/L of ART were as the low-dose,medium-dose and high-dose ART groups,the cells treated with 0 μmol/L of ART were as the control group,and the cells treated with 40 μmol/L of ART and 10 μmol/L of Coumermycin A1 were as the Coumermycin A1 group.Compared with the control group,the cell scratch wound healing rate,invasion ability,and expression levels of Bcl-2,N-cadherin,Vimentin,p-JAK2,and p-STAT3 in the low-dose ART group,the medium-dose ART group,and the high-dose ART group decreased obviously(P<0.05),while the apoptosis rate,and expression levels of Bax,Caspase-3 and E-cadherin increased(P<0.05).Compared with the high-dose ART group,the cell scratch wound healing rate,invasion ability,and expression levels of Bcl-2,N-cadherin,Vimentin,p-JAK2,and p-STAT3 in the Coumermycin A1 group increased obviously(P<0.05),while the apoptosis rate,and expression levels of Bax,Caspase-3 and E-cadherin decreased(P<0.05).Conclusion ART may inhibit the viability,migration,invasion and EMT of glucose-stimulated CRC cells and promote apoptosis by inhibiting the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway.

Objective To understand the distribution and changing resistance profiles of clinical isolates of Enterococcus in hospitals across China from 2015 to 2021.Methods Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was conducted for the clinical isolates of Enterococcus according to the unified protocol of CHINET program by automated systems,Kirby-Bauer method,or E-test strip.The results were interpreted according to the Clinical & Laboratory Standards Institute(CLSI)breakpoints in 2021.WHONET 5.6 software was used for statistical analysis.Results A total of 124 565 strains of Enterococcus were isolated during the 7-year period,mainly including Enterococcus faecalis(50.7％)and Enterococcus faecalis(41.5％).The strains were mainly isolated from urinary tract specimens(46.9％±2.6％),and primarily from the patients in the department of internal medicine,surgery and ICU.E.faecium and E.faecalis strains showed low level resistance rate to vancomycin,teicoplanin and linezolid(≤3.6％).The prevalence of vancomycin-resistant E.faecalis and E.faecium was 0.1％and 1.3％,respectively.The prevalence of linezolid-resistant E.faecalis increased from 0.7％in 2015 to 3.4％in 2021,while the prevalence of linezolid-resistant E.faecium was 0.3％.Conclusions The clinical isolates of Enterococcus were still highly susceptible to vancomycin,teicoplanin,and linezolid,evidenced by a low resistance rate.However,the prevalence of linezolid-resistant E.faecalis was increasing during the 7-year period.It is necessary to strengthen antimicrobial resistance surveillance to effectively identify the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and curb the spread of resistant pathogens.

Aim To investigate the impact and mechanism of Weichang'an Pill(WCA),its ethanol extract(EE),water extract(WE),and active ingredients on the contraction of isolated rat ileum smooth muscles induced by acetylcholine(ACh). Methods In vitro tissue bath experiment,WCA,EE,WE,or their active ingredients were added under the action of ACh,and then the contraction tension of isolated ileum smooth muscle from rats was recorded. The binding affinity ofthe active ingredients to the muscarinic acetylcholine M3 receptor was explored by molecular docking. Results WCA,EE,and WE were able to considerably inhibit the excitatory contraction of the ileal smooth muscles induced by ACh. Costunolide,dehydrocostus lactone,santalol,muscone,emodin,chrysophanol,physcion,crotonoside,magnolol,and honokiol were also significantly effective against ACh-induced ileal smooth muscle contraction. Conclusions WCA,EE,WE,and their active ingredients may help to promote intestinal smooth muscle relaxation by blocking the binding of the M3 receptor on the membrane of ileal smooth muscle with ACh.

Child ; Humans ; Bronchoscopy/methods* ; Biopsy/methods* ; Lung/pathology*

Gegen Qinlian Decoction (GQD), a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula, has long been used for the treatment of common metabolic diseases, including type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, the main limitation of its wider application is ingredient complexity of this formula. Thus, it is critically important to identify the major active ingredients of GQD and to illustrate mecha-nisms underlying its action. Here, we compared the effects of GQD and berberine, a hypothetical key active pharmaceutical ingredient of GQD, on a diabetic rat model by comprehensive analyses of gut microbiota, short-chain fatty acids, proinflammatory cytokines, and ileum transcriptomics. Our results show that berberine and GQD had similar effects on lowering blood glucose levels, modulating gut microbiota, inducing ileal gene expression, as well as relieving systemic and local inflammation. As expected, both berberine and GQD treatment significantly altered the overall gut microbiota structure and enriched many butyrate-producing bacteria, including Faecalibacterium and Roseburia, thereby attenuating intestinal inflammation and lowering glucose. Levels of short-chain fatty acids in rat feces were also significantly elevated after treatment with ber-berine or GQD. Moreover, concentration of serum proinflammatory cytokines and expression of immune-related genes, including Nfkb1, Stat1, and Ifnrg1, in pancreatic islets were significantly reduced after treatment. Our study demonstrates that the main effects of GQD can be attributed to berberine via modulating gut microbiota. The strategy employed would facilitate further stan-dardization and widespread application of TCM in many diseases.

Objective To explore the effect of Ginkgo biloba flavone on the expression of hypoxia inducible factor-1 α (HIF-1 α),tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and Caspase-3 in serum of model mice with acute cerebral infarction.Methods Twenty-four female Kunming mice were selected,8 rats were randomly selected as sham operation group,and the remaining mice were established acute cerebral infarction model.Sixteen mice were successfully established the disease,and randomly divided into model group and experimental group,each group contained 8 mice.In experimental group,mice were treated by intraperitoneal injection of Ginkgo biloba flavone (20 mg · kg-1) once a day;mice in sham operation and model groups received intraperitoneal injection of physiological saline once a day,for 7 days.After experiment,all the mice were killed and extract the serum for detecting the expression level of HIF-1α,TNF-α and Caspase-3 by ELISA assay.Results The TNF-α levels of serum in the sham operation group,model group and experimental group were (5.16 ± 1.04),(33.02 ± 20.34),(22.64 ± 10.17)ng · mL-1 respectively.The serum HIF-1α levels of serum in above three groups were (508.94 ± 123.18),(735.19 ± 324.05),(626.24 ±212.76) ng· mL-1 respectively.The serum Caspase-3 levels of serum in above three groups were (6.54 ±0.24),(12.23 ± 3.45),(10.24 ± 1.58)ng · mL-1 respectively.The TNF-α,HIF-1 α and Caspase-3 expression levels of the sham operation group was significantly higher than that of model group,the difference was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).The TNF-α,HIF-1 α and Caspase-3 expression levels of the experimental group was significantly lower than that of model group,the difference was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Ginkgo biloba flavonoids could obviously down-regulate the expression level of HIF-1 α,TNF-α and Caspase-3.

To screen the anti-inflammatory active fraction of unripe Forsythiae Fructus, and elucidate the action mechanism, water decoction, ethyl acetate portion, n-butanol portion and residue water extracts of unripe Forsythiae Fructus were administered into rats for continuously 15 days. The acute lung injury inflammatory model was established to observe the section structure of lung tissues. Levels of IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-10 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were determined by ELISA kits, and changes in endogenous metabolites in serum were analyzed based on 1H-NMR metabolomics. The results showed that ethyl acetate portion of unripe Forsythiae Fructus had a better anti-inflammatory activity against acute lung injury, and could suppress the release of inflammatory factors of IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β, significantly reduce contents of creatine, β-OH-butyrate, succinate, lysine, valine, isoleucine and glutamine, and elevate the content of GPC in serum. Ethyl acetate portion was proved to be the main fraction of anti-inflammatory activity from the perspective of endogenous metabolites in serum, and played an anti-inflammatory role by regulating creatine metabolism, choline metabolism, branched-chain amino acid metabolism and TCA cycles. This study could lay a foundation for studying pharmacodynamic material basis of unripe Forsythiae Fructus.

Objective To explore the relationship between brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) plus learning disabilities (LD) and their effects. Methods The present study included 40ADHD children with (15 cases) or without LD (25 cases) who had presented to our institute from January 2011 to October 2011,and 25 healthy children as controls as well.The serum levels of BDNF and 5-HT were compared between the 3 groups.Analysis of variance and linear correlation model were used to assess the levels and correlation of BDNF and 5-HT in the ADHD + LD group. Results The BDNF level significantly decreased in turn from the ADHD+LD group to the ADHD group to the control group (P＜0.05). The 5-HT level significantly increased in the ADHD and control groups compared with the ADHD + LD group (P＜0.05).The serum levels of BDNF and 5-HT were negatively correlated in the ADHD + LD group (r=-0.084,P=0.004). Conclusion Since the serum levels of BDNF and 5-HT are abnormal in children with ADHD plus LD,they may interact with one another and get involved in the pathological process of ADHD.

In order to analyze the molecular epidemiology of A (H1N1) influenza virus in 2009, the complete genome sequences of influenza strains from different host sources downloaded from the NCBI were analyzed on genetic evolution by DNAstar software in this research. The results showed that 79 mutation sites of new A (H1N1) influenza virus were observed compared to previous human A (H1N1) influenza strain, including 14 mutation sites new in all A (H1N1) influenza sources and 37 mutation sites only observed in swine strain. A significant difference was represented in antigenic sites between new A (H1N1) influenza strain and the previous human A (H1N1) strain. This phenomenon shows the new A (H1N1) influenza strain is either originated from the recombination of human and swine strain or from the infection in pig populations and gradual mutation to human tansmission, which remains to be further studied.
Animals ; Birds ; Databases, Nucleic Acid ; Evolution, Molecular ; Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus ; classification ; genetics ; Humans ; Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype ; genetics ; Influenza in Birds ; virology ; Influenza, Human ; virology ; Orthomyxoviridae Infections ; veterinary ; virology ; Phylogeny ; Swine ; Swine Diseases ; virology