Humans ; PPAR gamma/metabolism* ; Multiple Sclerosis ; Transcription Factors/metabolism* ; Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-alpha

Alanine-serine-cysteine transporter 2 (ASCT2) is reported to participate in the progression of tumors and metabolic diseases. It is also considered to play a crucial role in the glutamate-glutamine shuttle of neuroglial network. However, it remains unclear the involvement of ASCT2 in neurological diseases such as Parkinson's disease (PD). In this study, we demonstrated that high expression of ASCT2 in the plasma samples of PD patients and the midbrain of MPTP mouse models is positively correlated with dyskinesia. We further illustrated that ASCT2 expressed in astrocytes rather than neurons significantly upregulated in response to either MPP⁺ or LPS/ATP challenge. Genetic ablation of astrocytic ASCT2 alleviated the neuroinflammation and rescued dopaminergic (DA) neuron damage in PD models in vitro and in vivo. Notably, the binding of ASCT2 to NLRP3 aggravates astrocytic inflammasome-triggered neuroinflammation. Then a panel of 2513 FDA-approved drugs were performed via virtual molecular screening based on the target ASCT2 and we succeed in getting the drug talniflumate. It is validated talniflumate impedes astrocytic inflammation and prevents degeneration of DA neurons in PD models. Collectively, these findings reveal the role of astrocytic ASCT2 in the pathogenesis of PD, broaden the therapeutic strategy and provide a promising candidate drug for PD treatment.

Objective To explore the early diagnostic value of multi b value magnetic resonance diffusion weighted imaging ( DWI) combined with dynamic enhanced scan imaging for the early diagnosis of prostate cancer . Methods The clinical data of 43 patients with prostate cancer admitted to the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University from January 2015 to July 2017 were analyzed.All patients underwent routine MRI examination , including 38 cases of DWI examination ,32 cases of dynamic enhanced MRI ,and 30 cases of combined examination . The values of B were 600,800,1000s/mm2 ,and the apparent diffusion coefficient ( ADC) of the DWI high signal region and the analysis of ADC were measured .Results According to different b values , the ADC value could be calculated by drawing ROC curves.When the b value was 600s/mm2,the ADC threshold was 1.62 ×10 -3 mm2/s;when b value was 800s/mm2 ,the threshold was 0.45 ×10 -3 mm2/s;when the b value was 1000s/mm2 ,the threshold value was 1.39 ×10 -3mm2/s.When the b value was 800s/mm2,the diagnosis effect was the best for prostate cancer . The sensitivity,specificity and accuracy of multi b value DWI combined with dynamic enhanced MRI in diagnosing prostate cancer were 83.33％,96.67％ and 93.33％,respectively.Conclusion Multiple b value DWI and dynamic enhanced MRI have distinctive characteristics in the diagnosis of prostate cancer .Their combination makes up their deficiency and greatly improves the early diagnosis rate of prostate cancer .

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of Huoxue Rongluo Particles combined with acupuncture in the eight confluent points of spastic cerebral infarction paralysis and its effects on Glu and Asp levels of serum. Methods Totally 60 patients were divided into two groups: the experimental group and the control group. Both groups received basic Western medicine treatment, and the experimental group received Huoxue Rongluo Particles additionally, one dose a day for two times orally taken; Acupuncture was on eight confluent acupoint, every two days. 15 d is a treatment course, with 6 courses in total. Clinical spasticity index (CSI) and TCM symptom scores before treatment and the treatment of half month, 1 month, 3 months were observed. The levels of Glu and ASP in serum were detected, and TCM clinical efficacy was observed. Results The CSI score, levels of Glu and Asp in serum and TCM symptom scores of the patients after half-month, one-month, and three-month treatment were lower than those before treatment (P<0.05, P<0.01). There was no statistical significance in CSI score after half month treatment between the two groups (t=0.329, P=0.743). The CSI score in the experimental group after one-month and three-month treatment was lower than the control group (t=-2.636, P=0.024; t=-4.213, P=0.021). There was statistical significance in the levels of Glu and Asp between the two groups after half-month and one-month treatment (P<0.05, P<0.01). There was no statistical significance in the levels of Glu and Asp in the two groups after three-month treatment (P>0.05). The TCM symptom scores in experimental group was lower than the control group after half-month, one-month and three-month treatment (P<0.05). The total TCM effective rate was 86.67% (26/30) in experimental group, and 80.00% (24/30) in the control group, with the experimental group better than the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion Huoxue Rongluo Particles combined with acupuncture eight confluence acupoints in the treatment of spastic cerebral infarction paralyzed patients can relieve spasm degree, improve TCM clinical symptoms, which mechanism may be related to reducing serum excitatory neurotransmitters.

Objective To analyze the clinical features and risk factors of isolated calf deep vein thrombosis (ICDVT).Methods Age,gender,locations,clinical symptoms,and risk factors of the hospitalized patients who diagnosed with ICDVT in the Department of Vascular Surgery,the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University in 2015 were retrospectively analyzed.Results 122 hospitalized ICDVT patients were enrolled,accounting for 25.7％ of the patients with lower extremity deep vein thrombosis.Among them,41 cases (33.6％) were male,81 cases(66.4％) were female.The average age was 56.41 ±13.87 years.49 cases (40.0％) had left lower limb ICDVT,39 cases (32.0％) had right lower limb ICDVT;34 cases (28.0％) had both two lower limbs involved.Muscular calf vein thrombosis accounted for 77.9％ (95 cases).76 cases (62.3％) were painful.91 cases (74.6％) had swelling.Common risk factors included age (≥ 45 years) (85.2％),deficiency of natural anticoagulants (83.0％),surgery (45.9％) and malignant tumors (28.7％).Conclusions Pain and swelling were the main clinical symptoms of ICDVT.Age ≥ 45 years,deficiency of natural anticoagulants,surgery,and malignancy were main risk factors of ICDVT.

Objective To evaluated the HCV genotyping results which obtained by genotype diagnostic kit in Shenzhen area. Methods 158 samples which ELISA test of anti-HCV were positive were collected from voluntary blood donors from 2014 to 2015,and were tested by PCR fluorescence probe method for viral load.The samples which viral load were greater than 1.0 ×103 IU/mL were then tested by HCV RNA genotype diagnostic kit.To analysis the proportion of different genotypes and the correla-tion between genotypes with vrial load.Results 54 HCV RNA reactive sample were quantity by PCR fluorescence probe method from 158 anti-HCV positive samples.The genotyping data for 45 cases which vrial load greater than 1.0×103 IU/mL were obtained by HCV RNA genotype diagnostic kit.The frequencies HCV genotype 1b,2,3 and 6 were 57.78%(26/45),6.67%(3/45),8.89%(4/45)and 26.67%(12/45),respectively.One-way ANOVA analysis showed that significant difference in viral loads was found be-tween different HCV genotype 1b and 2(F =2.861,P <0.05),and there was a significant difference in viral loads and anti-HCV S/CO by sex(P <0.05).Fisher′s exact test showed the significance difference between age and genotypes(P <0.05 ).Conclusion HCV 1b and 6 were the most predominant genotypes due to the higher viral load than the other subtypes among volunteer blood do-nors in Shenzhen,while the proportion of HCV 2,3 declined.

Objective To observe the influence of needling the Eight Confluent Points plus Huo Xue Rong Luo granules on the levels of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glycine (Gly) in patients with spastic paralysis after cerebral infarction. Method Sixty patients with spastic paralysis after cerebral infarction were randomized into a treatment group and a control group, 3 0 cases each. The control group was intervened by basic treatment, while the treatment group was by Huo Xue Rong Luo granules plus acupuncture at the Eight Confluent Points in addition to the basic treatment, for 6 treatment courses in total. Before the treatment, and after half-a-month, 1-month, and 3-month treatments, the Chinese Stroke Scale (CSS) and activities of daily living (ADL) were evaluated, the levels of GABA and Gly were detected by using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and the therapeutic efficacies were compared. Result After half-a-month treatment, the CSS score dropped significantly in both groups (P<0.01), and the between-group difference was statistically significant (P<0.01);the ADL score (Barthel Index score) increased markedly in both groups (P<0.01), and the between-group difference was statistically significant (P<0.01); the level of serum GABA increased significantly in both groups (P<0.05), and the between-group difference was statistically significant (P<0.05);the level of serum Gly rose up significantly in both groups (P<0.01), and the between-group difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). After 1-month treatment, the CSS score dropped significantly in both groups compared to that before treatment (P<0.01), and the inter-group difference was statistically significant (P<0.01);the ADL score increased significantly in both groups compared to that before treatment (P<0.01), and the inter-group difference was statistically significant (P<0.01);the levels of serum GABA and Gly increased markedly in both groups compared to that before treatment (P<0.01), and the inter-group differences were statistically significant (P<0.01). After 3-month treatment, the CSS score dropped significantly in both groups compared to that before treatment (P<0.01), and the inter-group difference was statistically significant (P<0.01);the ADL score increased significantly in both groups compared to that before treatment (P<0.01), and the inter-group difference was statistically significant (P<0.01); the levels of serum GABA and Gly increased markedly in both groups compared to that before treatment (P<0.05), approaching the normal levels, and the inter-group differences were statistically insignificant (P>0.05). Conclusion Needling the Eight Confluent Points plus Huo Xue Rong Luo granules is effective in treating spastic paralysis after cerebral infarction, which is plausibly associated with the up-regulation of inhibitory neurotransmitters (GABA and Gly).

Objective To investigate the diagnosis, treatment and prevention method for bile duct injury caused by laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). Methods Clinical data of 16 patients with iatrogenic bile duct injury caused by LC in Meizhou People's Hospital of Guangdong Province between January 2007 and January 2013 were retrospectively analyzed. Among them, 7 were males and 9 were females, aged 28-75 years old with a median age of 47 years old. The informed consents of all patients were obtained and the local ethical committee approval was received. The types of bile duct injury were classified according to the Strasberg bile duct injury classification. Treatments and postoperative clinical manifestations were analyzed, and clinical efficacy was observed. Results Among 16 patients, 9 were converted to open surgery during the surgery, and 7 underwent open surgery within 2 weeks after LC. There were 2 cases of type A bile duct injury, 7 of type D, 2 of type E1, 3 of type E2 and 2 of type E4. Two cases underwent bile duct repair alone, 1 underwent bile duct repair and stage Ⅱ endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) balloon dilatation, 4 underwent bile duct repair + T tube drainage, 3 underwent bile duct anastomosis + T tube drainage, and 7 underwent Roux-en-Y anastomosis. One case died from multiple organ failure in the perioperative period. Recurrent mild biliary tract infection was observed in 1 case after surgery, biliary tract stenosis in 1 case and obstructive jaundice in 1 case, and all the other patients recovered. Conclusions For the bile duct injury caused by LC, surgeons should not only be familiar with the early diagnosis method, clinical classification and surgical treatment principles for iatrogenic bile duct injury, but also possess the capacity of coping with emergenices. During the surgery, surgeons should carefully identify the relationship among cystic duct, common bile duct and gallbladder ampulla, and perform precisely. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment also play an important role.

Objective To investigate the medium-term efficacy of total hip replacement with CFP handle prosthesis.Methods Thirty-two patients (34 hips) undergoing total hip replacement with CFP handle prosthesis were selected.The preoperative diagnosis was:femoral neck fracture in 6 cases,femoral head necrosis in 12 cases,osteoarthritis in 10 cases,ankylosing spondylitis in 3 cases,and pigmentation villi nodular synovitis in 1 case.Ten days,1 month,6 months,and 1 year (a year later) after surgery,the hip joint function and X ray film performance were followed up.Results There was no complication such as infect and injury of blood vessel and nerve.Postoperative X ray film showed the femoral handle prosthesis position was good.The average Harris hip score was 32.6 (20-53) scores before surgery,and back to 95.3(90-100) scores after surgery,no patients needed revision surgery.Postoperative Engh score was above 10 scores after half a year.Conclusion The medium-term efficacy of total hip replacement with CFP handle prosthesis is good,and can be used as one of the choice of primary total hip replacement.

Objective To compare the clinical diagnostic value of ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in breast cancer.Methods Ultrasound and MRI were performed in patients with breast disease.The postoperative pathological examination results were seemed as diagnostic criteria.The diagnostic accuracy was analyzed in two kinds of imaging examination.Results The diagnostic accuracy of MRI in breast cancer(86.9％) was significantly higher than the accuracy of ultrasonic diagnosis(39.3％),the sensitivity and specificity of MRI were significantly higher than those in ultrasonic diagnosis,the rate of missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis rate of MRI were lower than those of ultrasonic diagnosis,the differences were statistically significant (x2 =6.583,12.573,4.892,23.175,8.649,all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Ultrasound and MRI have high ability in diagnosis of breast cancer.MRI diagnostic efficacy has more advantages,but the ultrasound is convenient to operate and repeate inspection,can be used in screening.