ObjectiveTo develop basic training courses for family doctor teams for people with disabilities. MethodsUtilizing the methods and theories of the World Health Organization (WHO) rehabilitation competency framework (RCF), and referring to the WHO universal health coverage global competency framework, the rehabilitation competency characteristics of family doctor teams for people with disabilities in community settings were analyzed, and a basic training course system for these teams based on the RCF was developed. Results and ConclusionBased on RCF, a competency framework for family doctor teams serving people with disabilities has been constructed. The objectives, content and training course system for basic rehabilitation training has been established.

Objective To evaluate the quality of life of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Weifang City, Shandong Province and to explore its influencing factors. Methods A multistage stratified random sampling method was used to investigate patients in endocrine outpatient clinics in four medical institutions in Weifang from July to September 2022. The survey included general information, multi-dimensional evaluation of quality of life with the EQ-5D-5L scale, calculation of health utility values, and analysis of influencing factors using Tobit regression models. Results A total of 397 patients with type 2 diabetes were included in the present investigation, with health utility value of 0.82±0.21 points and visual analogue scale (VAS) score of 79.47±12.81 points. Pain or discomfort, anxiety or depression were more prominent in the study population. Age, diabetic complications, BMI, daily need for care, social support, and daily level of glycemic control were factors influencing health-related quality of life in patients with type 2 diabetes. Conclusion In the actual treatment of type 2 diabetes patients, an emphasis should be placed on protecting elderly type 2 diabetic patients, preventing and controlling the occurrence and development of diabetic complications, and improving daily blood glucose control to further improve the health-related quality of life of the population.

Objective:To understand the characteristics of sexualized drug use (SDU) among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Chengdu and classify their behavioral patterns by applying the two-step cluster (TSC) algorithm and by exploring the association between SDU patterns and high risk sexual behaviors, in order to provide a reference basis for the development of HIV prevention interventions.Methods:Supported by an MSM-friendly organization in Chengdu from December 2021 to February 2022, MSM were recruited by on-site survey and peer referral to collect information on sociodemographics, SDU characteristics, sexual behaviors, STD diagnosis, and HIV status. TSC was performed to classify the characteristics of SDU, and the differences between groups were compared. Chi-square test and multiple binary logistic regressions were used to identify the relationship between SDU clusters and HIV-related risk sexual behaviors.Results:A total of 727 MSM were surveyed, and 39.8% (289/727) of the respondents reported SDU experience with a same-sex partner in the last six months. TSC clustered SDU-MSM into three behavioral pattern groups. There were significant differences in monthly income, types of drugs used for SDU, mode, frequency, polydrug use, multiple sexual partners, non-adherence to condom use, and group sex among the three groups of SDU-MSM ( P<0.05). Multivariate binary logistic regression analysis showed that the third category of SDU-MSM was 2.22 (95% CI: 1.06-4.66) times more likely than the first category not to use condoms consistently; the third and second categories were 2.82 (95% CI: 1.18-6.77) times and 8.78 (95% CI: 3.42-22.42) times. Conclusions:The prevalence of SDU among MSM in Chengdu was more than 1/3, and different SDU clustering pattern was associated with high-risk sexual behaviors. MSM with higher SDU frequency, drug use, and polydrug abuse are more difficult to adhere to condom use and more likely to have group sex and high risk sexual behaviors, increasing the risk of STD and HIV infection, and need to strengthen SDU surveillance and intervention.

Blood-brain barrier is a natural barrier between blood and brain tissue that can protect the brain from invasion by infectious pathogens in blood and maintain the homeostasis of the brain environment. However, neurotropic viruses can escape or disrupt blood-brain barrier and then invade the brain, causing serious complications in the central nervous system such as encephalitis and meningitis, which seriously threaten human life. This paper mainly summarized the research progress in the pathogenic mechanisms of common neurotropic viruses crossing blood-brain barrier and invading the central nervous system.

Objectives: Fitting and forecasting the trend of COVID-19 epidemics. Methods: Based on SEIR dynamic model, considering the COVID-19 transmission mechanism, infection spectrum and prevention and control procedures, we developed SEIR^{+ CAQ} dynamic model to fit the frequencies of laboratory confirmed cases obtained from the government official websites. The data from January 20, 2020 to February 7, 2020 were used to fit the model, while the left data between February 8-12 were used to evaluate the quality of forecasting. Results: According to the cumulative number of confirmed cases between January 29 to February 7, the fitting bias of SEIR^{+ CAQ} model for overall China (except for cases of Hubei province), Hubei province (except for cases of Wuhan city) and Wuhan city was less than 5%. For the data of subsequent 5 days between February 8 to 12, which were not included in the model fitting, the prediction biases were less than 10%. Regardless of the cases diagnosed by clinical examines, the numbers of daily emerging cases of China (Hubei province not included), Hubei Province (Wuhan city not included) and Wuhan city reached the peak in the early February. Under the current strength of prevention and control, the total number of laboratory- confirmed cases in overall China will reach 80 417 till February 29, 2020, respectively. Conclusions The proposed SEIR^{+ CAQ} dynamic model fits and forecasts the trend of novel coronavirus pneumonia well and provides evidence for decision making.

Objectives:The COVID-19 epidemic has swept all over the world. Estimates of its case fatality rate were influenced by the existing confirmed cases and the time distribution of onset to death, and the conclusions were still unclear. This study was aimed to estimate the age-specific case fatality rate of COVID-19.Methods:Data on COVID-19 epidemic were collected from the National Health Commission and China CDC. The Gamma distribution was used to fit the time from onset to death. The Markov Chain Monte Carlo simulation was used to estimate age-specific case fatality rate.Results:The median time from onset to death of COVID-19 was M=13.77 ( P25- P75: 9.03-21.02) d. The overall case fatality rate of COVID-19 was 4.1 % (95 %CI: 3.7 %-4.4 %) and the age-specific case fatality rate were 0.1 %, 0.4 %, 0.4 %, 0.4 %,0.8 %, 2.3 %, 6.4 %, 14.0 and 25.8 % for 0-, 10-, 20-, 30-, 40-, 50-, 60-, 70- and ≥80 years group, respectively. Conclusions:The Markov Chain Monte Carlo simulation method adjusting censored is suitable for case fatality rate estimation during the epidemic of a new infectious disease. Early identification of the COVID-19 case fatality rate is helpful to the prevention and control of the epidemic.

Objective: To evaluate the burden and to describe the characteristics of spatial distribution caused by malignant tumors among different administrative areas in Guangzhou from 2010- 2013. Methods: Based on data from the Cancer Registry system and population in Guangzhou in 2010- 2013, disability-adjusted life year (DALY) was assessed on the disease burden of cancer, in accordance with the method used in the Global Burden of Disease study. Results: The crude incidence rates of cancer appeared as 256.22/10⁵ in 2010-2011 and 270.04/10⁵ in 2012-2013, with the crude mortality rates as 143.17/10⁵ and 148.01/10⁵, respectively, in Guangzhou. Cancers caused 606 238.95 DALYs in 2010-2011 and 623 763.80 DALYs in 2012-2013 for both sexes and 37.63 and 37.81 person year per 1 000 persons, with the standardized DALY rates as 34.51‰, 34.00‰ respectively. Three administrative districts (Yuexiu, Haizhu and Liwan) were with the largest disease burden of cancers that accounted for 45% of the DALYs for the whole Conghua district, with liver cancer was the leading cancer on DALYs, and tracheal, bronchus and lung cancer ranked the first in the other districts. Conclusions In Guangzhou, disease burden caused by cancers was both prominently seen in the newly developed urban area and the old districts. It remains an arduous task to continue programs on control and prevention of cancers in this city.

Objective To investigate the morbidity and characteristics of adult osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) in Chengdu, and to further explore its related risk factors.Methods Self-designed questionnaires were used to collect data by the way of household or field survey. From January,2016 to February, 2018, a total of 544 cases (797 hips) diagnosed as ONFH were included in the study. The medical data including general condition, risk factors, diagnosis, disease stages and treatment were collected. Based on the data, the risk factors were analyzed statistically.Results The average age of 544 patients (392 males and 152 females) was 55 years old (range: 19 to 90 years); the bilateral incidence was 46.51% (253 cases). The proportion of Association Research Circulation Osseous stages was accounted respectively 3.64% for stage I, 6.15% for stage II, 8.41% for stage III and 81.81% for stage IV when confirmed ONFH initially. In all the reasons of ONFH, 52.39% were alcohol-associated osteonecrosis, 16.18% for steroid-induced osteonecrosis, 11.58% for traumatic osteonecrosis, 5.88% for dysplastic osteonecrosis, and 13.97% for other reasons.Conclusion The incidence of ONFH was higher in men than in women. Stages III-IV accounted for the highest proportion. The high intake of alcohol or overuse of steroid was the leading causes of adult ONFH, among which alcohol-associated osteonecrosis was the main for the males and steroid-induced osteonecrosis for the females.

Objective To evaluate the effect of astragaloside Ⅳ on postoperative cognitive function in aged rats.Methods Sixty healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats,aged 22 months,weighing 360-480 g,were divided into 4 groups(n=15 each)using a random number table:control group(group C),surgery group(group S),low-dose astragaloside Ⅳ group(group L-AGS)and high-dose astragaloside IV group(group H-AGS).At 3 days prior to surgery,astragaloside Ⅳ 20 and 40 mg/kg were injected intraperitoneally once a day in L-AGS and H-AGS groups,respectively.The equal volume of normal saline was given instead in C and S groups.The animals underwent splenectomy under anesthesia with 1.8% isoflurane in S,L-AGS and H-AGS groups.Five rats in each group were randomly sacrificed at 1 day after operation,the hippocampi were removed for determination of interleukin-1beta(IL-1β),tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α)and IL-6 contents(by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay)and expression of activated caspase-3,Bax and Bcl-2(by Western blot).The left animals underwent Morris water maze test at 15 days after operation.Results Compared with group C,the escape latency was significantly prolonged,the frequency of crossing the original platform was reduced,the space exploration time was shortened,the expression of activated caspase-3 and Bax was up-regulated,the expression of Bcl-2 was down-regulated,and the IL-1β,TNF-α and IL-6 contents were increased after operation in group S(P<0.05).Compared with group S,the escape latency was significantly shortened,the frequency of crossing the original platform was increased,the space exploration time was prolonged,the expression of activated caspase-3 and Bax was down-regulated,the expression of Bcl-2 was up-regulated,and the IL-1β,TNF-α and IL-6 contents were decreased after operation in L-AGS and H-AGS groups(P<0.05).Compared with L-AGS,the escape latency was significantly shortened,the frequency of crossing the original platform was increased,the space exploration time was prolonged,and the TNF-α contents were decreased after operation in group H-AGS(P<0.05).Conclusion Astragaloside Ⅳ can improve the postoperative cognitive function in a dose-dependent manner in aged rats.

Objective To explore the effect of fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) receptor antagonist BGJ398 in growth, migration and invasiveness of gliomas. Methods (1) Glioma cells U87 and U251 were routinely cultured in vitro and divided into BGJ398 treatment group (10 μmol/L BGJ398 complete medium) and control group; the proliferation of U87 and U251 cells was detected by CCK-8 and colony formation; 2 d after cultivation, the migration and invasion of U87 and U251 cells were measured by wound-healing assay and Transwell assay. The phosphor-FGFR (pFGFR) level and vimentin expressions were detected by Western blotting. (2) Eight BALB/c nude mice were performed abdominal subcutaneous injection of 200 μL U87 cells (1×107 cells) and randomly divided into BGJ398 treatment group (giving physiological saline solution containing 20 mg/kg BGJ398) and control group (giving physiological saline solution); 15 d after cultivation, the quality of the subcutaneously implanted tumors was compared between the two groups, and the vimentin expression was detected by Western blotting. Results (1) Three, 4 and 5 d after cultivation, the optical density in the U87 cells of BGJ398 treatment group was significantly lower than that in the control group (3 d: t=4.059, P=0.015; 4 d: t=9.892, P=0.001; 5 d: t=10.259, P=0.001); 2, 3, 4 and 5 d after cultivation, the optical density in the U251 cells of BGJ398 treatment group was significantly lower than that in the control group (2 d: t=3.780, P=0.019; 3 d: t=4.515, P=0.011; 4 d: t=16.205, P=0.000; 5 d: t=17.613, P=0.000); 10 d after cultivation, the cloning number of U87 and U251 cells in the BGJ398 treatment group was significantly smaller than that in the control group (P<0.05); the results of wound-healing assay showed that the migration of U87MG cells in the BGJ398 treatment group was significantly slower than that in the control group (P<0.05); 24 h after cultivation, the number of U87 cells migration in the BGJ398 treatment group was significantly smaller as compared with that in the control group (P<0.05); 48 h after cultivation, the number of U87 and U251 cells passed the pore membrane in the BGJ398 treatment group was significantly smaller as compared with that in the control group (P<0.05). Western blotting showed that the content of pFGFR and vimentin in U87 and U251 cells of the BGJ398 treatment group decreased significantly as compared with that in the control group (P<0.05). (2) The subcutaneous tumor tissues in the BGJ398 treatment group[(0.186± 0.064) g] were significantly smaller than those in the control group[(0.450±0.106) g] (P<0.05); Vimentin expression in the BGJ398 treatment group (2.503±0.359) was significantly decreased than that in the control group (4.125±1.155, P<0.05). Conclusion Experiments in vivo and in vitro confirm that BGJ398 can inhibit the activation of FGFR and the growth, migration, and invasion of glioma cells, indicating that FGFR is one of effective targets for the treatment of gliomas.