Objective:To investigate the correlation between right-to-left shunt (RLS) and lesion pattern on diffusion-weighted imaging (WDI) in young patients with cryptogenic stroke (CS).Methods:Young patients with CS admitted to the Department of Neurology, Brain Hospital of Hunan Province from January 2017 to June 2020 were selected. According to the results of head MRI, they were divided into multiple infarction group and single infarction group. The demographic characteristics, clinical data, DWI lesion characteristics, RLS and shunt volume were compared between the two groups. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify the correlation between RLS and shunt volume and lesion pattern on DWI. Results:A total of 90 young patients with CS were enrolled. Among them, 61 (67.8%) were males, and their age was 39.87±3.49 years. There were 44 patients (48.9%) in the multiple infarction group and 46 (51.1%) in the single infarction group. Compared with the single infarction group, the RLS detection rate in the multiple infarction group was significantly higher ( P<0.05), the infarcts were more common in the cortex-subcortex ( P<0.05), and more infarctions were small infarcts ( P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that cortical-subcortical lesions (odds ratio 6.875, 95% confidence interval 1.917-24.649; P=0.003) and RLS (odds ratio 2.631, 95% confidence interval 1.006-6.879; P=0.049) were independently associated with multiple infarcts in young patients with CS, but RLS shunt volume was not. Conclusions:Young CS patients with RLS are mostly multiple infarctions. RLS is independently associated with multiple infarctions in young CS patients, while RLS shunt is not.

The patient was a middle-aged male with the recurrent transient ischemic attack caused by carotid web, and the common symptoms include recurrent left limb weakness and numbness. According to the results of the CT angiography, the digital substraction angiography, the magnetic resonance angiography and the colour-Doppler ultrasound of the neck, the patient was considered with carotid artery web. After conventional medical treatment such as anti-platelet aggregation, lipid regulation and improvement of cerebral circulation, the patient′s symptoms did not improve significantly. Later, the patient underwent carotid endarterectomy. The pathological examination results of the tissue from the surgery confirmed the patient with carotid artery web. Moreover, after surgery, the patient did not experience transient ischemic attack any more.

Objective: To investigate the correlation between Ca, Al, As, Co, Mg, P, Fe, parathyroid hormone (PTH), Ct levels and primary familial brain calcification (PFBC). Methods: We recruited 17 PFBC families from July, 2015 to October, 2016. Groups were divided according to clinical symptoms, the serum concentrations of Ca, P, Fe, Al, As, Co, PTH and Ct were compared among different family groups. Results: There was no significant difference in serum levels of Ca, P, Fe, Al, As, Co, PTH and Ct among the healthy and patient groups or the symptomatic and asymptomatic groups, symptomatic and asymptomatic groups in movement disorder families and in psychiatric families (P>0.05). Conclusions Among the 17 PFBC families, neither serum concentrations of Ca, Al, As, Co, Mg, P, and Fe nor the levels of PTH and Ct were associated with PFBC.

Objective To evaluate the effect of astragaloside Ⅳ on postoperative cognitive function in aged rats.Methods Sixty healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats,aged 22 months,weighing 360-480 g,were divided into 4 groups(n=15 each)using a random number table:control group(group C),surgery group(group S),low-dose astragaloside Ⅳ group(group L-AGS)and high-dose astragaloside IV group(group H-AGS).At 3 days prior to surgery,astragaloside Ⅳ 20 and 40 mg/kg were injected intraperitoneally once a day in L-AGS and H-AGS groups,respectively.The equal volume of normal saline was given instead in C and S groups.The animals underwent splenectomy under anesthesia with 1.8% isoflurane in S,L-AGS and H-AGS groups.Five rats in each group were randomly sacrificed at 1 day after operation,the hippocampi were removed for determination of interleukin-1beta(IL-1β),tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α)and IL-6 contents(by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay)and expression of activated caspase-3,Bax and Bcl-2(by Western blot).The left animals underwent Morris water maze test at 15 days after operation.Results Compared with group C,the escape latency was significantly prolonged,the frequency of crossing the original platform was reduced,the space exploration time was shortened,the expression of activated caspase-3 and Bax was up-regulated,the expression of Bcl-2 was down-regulated,and the IL-1β,TNF-α and IL-6 contents were increased after operation in group S(P<0.05).Compared with group S,the escape latency was significantly shortened,the frequency of crossing the original platform was increased,the space exploration time was prolonged,the expression of activated caspase-3 and Bax was down-regulated,the expression of Bcl-2 was up-regulated,and the IL-1β,TNF-α and IL-6 contents were decreased after operation in L-AGS and H-AGS groups(P<0.05).Compared with L-AGS,the escape latency was significantly shortened,the frequency of crossing the original platform was increased,the space exploration time was prolonged,and the TNF-α contents were decreased after operation in group H-AGS(P<0.05).Conclusion Astragaloside Ⅳ can improve the postoperative cognitive function in a dose-dependent manner in aged rats.

Objective To explore the effect of fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) receptor antagonist BGJ398 in growth, migration and invasiveness of gliomas. Methods (1) Glioma cells U87 and U251 were routinely cultured in vitro and divided into BGJ398 treatment group (10 μmol/L BGJ398 complete medium) and control group; the proliferation of U87 and U251 cells was detected by CCK-8 and colony formation; 2 d after cultivation, the migration and invasion of U87 and U251 cells were measured by wound-healing assay and Transwell assay. The phosphor-FGFR (pFGFR) level and vimentin expressions were detected by Western blotting. (2) Eight BALB/c nude mice were performed abdominal subcutaneous injection of 200 μL U87 cells (1×107 cells) and randomly divided into BGJ398 treatment group (giving physiological saline solution containing 20 mg/kg BGJ398) and control group (giving physiological saline solution); 15 d after cultivation, the quality of the subcutaneously implanted tumors was compared between the two groups, and the vimentin expression was detected by Western blotting. Results (1) Three, 4 and 5 d after cultivation, the optical density in the U87 cells of BGJ398 treatment group was significantly lower than that in the control group (3 d: t=4.059, P=0.015; 4 d: t=9.892, P=0.001; 5 d: t=10.259, P=0.001); 2, 3, 4 and 5 d after cultivation, the optical density in the U251 cells of BGJ398 treatment group was significantly lower than that in the control group (2 d: t=3.780, P=0.019; 3 d: t=4.515, P=0.011; 4 d: t=16.205, P=0.000; 5 d: t=17.613, P=0.000); 10 d after cultivation, the cloning number of U87 and U251 cells in the BGJ398 treatment group was significantly smaller than that in the control group (P<0.05); the results of wound-healing assay showed that the migration of U87MG cells in the BGJ398 treatment group was significantly slower than that in the control group (P<0.05); 24 h after cultivation, the number of U87 cells migration in the BGJ398 treatment group was significantly smaller as compared with that in the control group (P<0.05); 48 h after cultivation, the number of U87 and U251 cells passed the pore membrane in the BGJ398 treatment group was significantly smaller as compared with that in the control group (P<0.05). Western blotting showed that the content of pFGFR and vimentin in U87 and U251 cells of the BGJ398 treatment group decreased significantly as compared with that in the control group (P<0.05). (2) The subcutaneous tumor tissues in the BGJ398 treatment group[(0.186± 0.064) g] were significantly smaller than those in the control group[(0.450±0.106) g] (P<0.05); Vimentin expression in the BGJ398 treatment group (2.503±0.359) was significantly decreased than that in the control group (4.125±1.155, P<0.05). Conclusion Experiments in vivo and in vitro confirm that BGJ398 can inhibit the activation of FGFR and the growth, migration, and invasion of glioma cells, indicating that FGFR is one of effective targets for the treatment of gliomas.

Objective To investigate the effect of sufentanil postconditioning on acute lung in-jury induced by ischemia-reperfusion of uterine in rats.Methods Fourty-five adult female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 3 groups(n = 1 5 each):control group (group C),ischemia-reperfusion group (group IR)and sufentanil postconditioning group(group SPC).Group SPC received sufentanil 10 μg/kg via intraperitoneal injection before inducing reperfusion of uterine.Ischemia-reper-fusion of uterine was produced by occlusion of bilateral uterine arteries for 45 min followed by reper-fusion for 2 h in group IR and group SPC.Then the content of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),mal-odiadehyde (MDA)and superoxide dismutase (SOD)activity were measured in uterus,serum and lung tissue,lung wet to dry weight ratio (W/D),lung permeability index (LPI)were compared. Results Compared with group C,TNF-α,MDA content,W/D and LPI in uterus,serum and lung tissue were significantly increased in group IR and group SPC(P <0.05).TNF-α,MDA content,W/D and LPI in uterus,serum and lung tissue were significantly attenuated in group SPC as compared with group IR (P <0.05 ).Compared with group C,SOD activity in uterus,serum and lung tissue was significantly attenuated in group IR and group SPC (P <0.05).SOD in uterus,serum and lung tissue were significantly increased in group SPC as compared with group IR (P < 0.05 ). Conclusion Sufentanil postconditioning attenuates pulmonary injury caused by ischemia-reperfusion of uterine in rats by inhibiting the inflammatory reaction and suppressing the activation of oxyradical.

Objective To better understand the clinical characteristics of Familial Idiopathic Basal Ganglia Calcifi?cation (FIBGC), including at the perspective of hereditary pattern, clinical test results, onset age, clinical heterogeneity and the volume of basal ganglia calcification (VBGC). Method 8 Eight FIBGC families were collected and draw family pedigrees were draw. Analysis of was conducted on the patient's clinical test results, head CT and MRI changes, onset ag?es, relationship of clinical manifestations with VBGC. Results No significant difference was found in serum calcium, alu?minum, arsenic, cobalt, magnesium, phosphorus, iron, parathyroid hormone and calcitonin concentration between the fam?ily members of patients and healthy controls (P>0.05). Family members from 8 FIBGC families including the two with consanguineous marriage manifested autosomal dominant heredity. The severity of , symptomatic s was correlated with VBGCpatients showed the same clinical manifestations in the dyskinesia family. The psychiatric symptoms was not asso? ciated with VBGC whereas patients with dyskinesia had a large VBGC. There was a significant difference in onset age be?tween patients with psychiatric symptoms and those with dyskinesia. P.atients with dyskinesia suffer larger VBGC, and is characterized by Patients with dyskinesia had relatively later onset age (43.95 ± 2.47 y) whereas those with. psychiatric symptoms hadsymptomatic patients with early onset age (31.32±10.16y). The comparison of the onset age (43.954±2.473 vs. 31.319±10.156 y, t=4.438, P=0.001) and VBGC (1.748±0.622 vs. 0.392±0.276 cm3, t=2.518, P=0.028) with symptom?atic patients between dyskinesia and psychogenic families was significant. Conclusions Eight FIBGC families manifested autosomal dominant heredity. Patients with dyskinesia suffer have a larger VBGC and are associated with a, and is char?acterized by relatively later onset age. In contrast, patients with psychiatric symptomspsychogeny is not related withhave a the small VBGC and showedand their age of onset is young. earlier onset age.

Objective To investigate the quality of life of patients with chronic diseases as well as the influencing factors. Method Two hundred and fifty five elderly patients with chronic disease from 3 hospitals in Guangzhou involved in the survey by adopting WHO quality of life-old(WHO OQOL-OLD)to investigate the quality of life and influencial factors.Results The quality of life of the elderly patients was in middle level.In the dimension of Past,Present and Future Activities,the quality of life was statistically different between the patients with different chronic diseases(P<0.05);In the dimension of Autonomy and Death&Dying, the quality of life was statistically different between those with and without cerebrovascular diseaseor(all P<0.05);In the dimensions of Autonomy,Social Participation,Death and Dying and Intimacy,the quality of life was statistically different between those needing care and no care after discharge(all P<0.05).Conclusions The quality of life of the elderly patients with chronic diseases is in middle level.The influencing factors for the quality of life include contracting multiple diseases,needing care after discharge and cerebrovascular diseases.At discharge,nurses should regulate instructions for them for the purpose of improving their autonomy,social participation and adaptability after discharge. Thus,their quality of life can be improved.

Objective To evaluate the role of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (NADPH oxidase) in the spinal cord in the maintenance of diabetic neuropathic pain in rats.Methods Pathogenfree male Sprague-Dawley rats,aged 2 months,weighing 180-220 g,were used in the study.Diabetes mellitus was induced by intraperitoneal streptozotocin (STZ) 60mg/kg and confirmed by blood glucose ＞ 16.7 mmol/L at 72 h after STZ injection.Twenty diabetic rats were randomly allocated to diabetic neuropathic pain group (DN group,n =10) and apocynin (specific NADPH oxidase inhibitor) group (A group,n =10).Another 10 agematched normal rats served as control group (C group,n =10).Twenty-eight days after STZ injection,apyconin 5 mg/kg was injected intraperitoneally once a day for 7 consecutive days in A group.Paw withdrawal threshold to yon Frey filament stimulation (PWT) was measured before STZ injection (T1) and at 7,14,21,28 and 35 days after STZ injection (T2-6).The rats were sacrificed after PWT was measured at T6 and L4.5 segments of the spinal cord were removed for determination of NADPH oxidase subunits gp91phox and p47phox expression,MAD content and SOD activity.Results Compared with C group,PWT was significantly decreased at T3-5,gp91phox and p47phox expression was up-regulated,MAD content was increased,and SOD activity was decreased in DN and A groups.Compared with DN group,PWT was significantly increased at T6,gp91phox and p47phox expression was downregulated,MAD content was decreased,and SOD activity was increased in A group.Conclusion NADPH oxidase in the spinal cord is involved in the maintenance of diabetic neuropathic pain in rats.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the reliahility and validity of the chronic HBV-infections related stigma scale.MethodsThe initial items and construct of the scale were developed according to theoretical analysis and interviews of experts and patients.A total of 151 patients with chronic HBV-infection were administered by convenient sampling method in this pilot study. The reliability and the validity of the scale were then evaluated.ResultsThe response rate of the scale was 94.5％.The Cronbach α coefficients of all dimeusions ranged from 0.75-0.87.The results of correlation analysis showed that there were higher correlation coefficients ( r ranged from 0.62-0.86) between items and their hypothesized subscales than those with other subscales ( r ranged from 0.14-0.55).The scale distinguished between patients with low subscale scores ( the subscale scores were ( 1.89 ±0.30 ),( 1.86 ± 0.29 ),( 1.96 ± 0.23 ),( 2.29 ± 0.45 ),( 1.59 ± 0.42 ) independently) and those with high subscale scores(the subscalc scores were (3.62 ±0.44),(3.99 ±0.41 ),(3.79 ±0.37),(4.13 ±0.34),(3.10 ±0.53 ) independently) (P ＜ 0.01 ).Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the main indices of goodness of fit CFI was 0.94,NNFI 0.92,RMSEA 0.087.ConclusionThe chronic HBV-infections related stigma has good psychometric properties regarding to reliability and validity.