Objective: To explore the association between mediterranean diet (MD) patterns and dental caries among children and adolescents with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD), so as to provide a basis for developing scientific anti caries strategies related to diet. Methods: From December 2021 to June 2024, a questionnaire survey, a three day 24 hour dietary review survey, oral health examination, physical development measurement and Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) evaluation were conducted involving 147 children and adolescents aged 2-22 years with NDD from nine special education schools and rehabilitation institutions in Tianjin. Group comparisons were carried out using the Mann-Whitney U test, Chi-square test, or Fisher s exact probability method. The correlation between dietary quality and dental caries was analyzed by adopting multiple linear regression analysis and restricted cubic spline. Results: There were 46 children and adolescents (31.3%) in the non dental caries group and 101 children and adolescents (68.7%) in the dental caries group. The number of decayed missing and filled teeth (dmft) was 2.0 (4.0), and the MD score was 4.0 (2.0) points. There were 62 children and adolescents (42.2%) in the low MD scores group and 85 children and adolescents (57.8%) in the high MD scores group. There was no significant difference in MD scores between NDD children in the non dental caries group and those in the dental caries group [nondental caries group:4.0(2.0), dental caries group:4.0(2.0), Z= -0.14, P >0.05]. The MD scores and dmft exhibited increasing and then decreasing trend ( P total =0.02, P non lineary = 0.04 ). Children and adolescents with NDD in the MD high scores group had a lower number of dmft than those in the MD low scores group ( β= -2.00 , 95%CI =-3.39 to -0.62, P <0.05). However, in children and adolescents with NDD and CARS scores ≥30, the above association was insignificant ( β=-0.63, 95%CI=-0.29-0.15, P >0.05). Conclusion Children and adolescents with NDD who have dietary patterns similar to the Mediterranean diet, are found to have fewer dental caries, and this is observed among those with no or mild symptoms of autism spectrum disorder.

As an exclusive Miao medicine of Honwing Pharma （Guizhou） Co. Ltd.， Yifei Zhike capsules are both a prescription drug and an over-the-counter （OTC） drug. Its main ingredients include Ranunculus ternatus and Panax notoginseng. With the effects of nourishing Yin and moistening the lungs， as well as relieving cough and reducing phlegm， Yifei Zhike capsules are often used in the treatment of acute and chronic bronchitis， pulmonary tuberculosis， and other diseases. However， there is insufficient understanding of their efficacy， suitable syndromes， and safety in clinical practice， with a lack of relevant expert consensus on clinical application. To standardize their clinical application， 30 experts from the fields of respiratory medicine， pharmacy， and evidence-based medicine were invited to develop an Expert Consensus on the Clinical Application of Yifei Zhike Capsules （Consensus for short） through evidence-based medicine methods. The Consensus clarified the syndrome characteristics， disease stages， dosages， treatment courses， combined medication， and other norms in the treatment of acute/chronic bronchitis and pulmonary tuberculosis and could be applicable to clinical physicians and pharmacists in medical and health institutions at all levels. In disease diagnosis， it provided diagnostic criteria for traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine and clarified that the suitable traditional Chinese medicine syndrome was the syndrome of Qi-Yin deficiency with intermingled phlegm-blood stasis. Clinical studies have confirmed that Yifei Zhike capsules combined with standard anti-tuberculosis therapy can effectively improve the symptoms of pulmonary tuberculosis patients， increase the sputum smear conversion rate， and promote the absorption of lesions. When treating acute cough caused by respiratory tract infections， Yifei Zhike capsules can increase the markedly effective rate and the seven-day disappearance rate of cough symptoms. Meanwhile， recommendations for specific usage， dosages， and treatment courses were given for different diseases， and it was pointed out that long-term medication required key monitoring of adverse reactions. In safety， the adverse reactions of Yifei Zhike capsules involved multiple aspects such as the digestive system and allergic reactions， and pregnant women and women during menstruation were prohibited from using it. In addition， modern research has shown that Yifei Zhike capsules have an adjuvant therapeutic effect on tuberculous pleurisy and may be effective for inflammatory and benign pulmonary nodules. However， further research should be conducted on the toxicological safety of long-term medication. The formulation of the Consensus provides a scientific basis for the rational clinical application of Yifei Zhike capsules， which helps to improve clinical efficacy and reduce medication risks.

As an exclusive Miao medicine of Honwing Pharma （Guizhou） Co. Ltd.， Yifei Zhike capsules are both a prescription drug and an over-the-counter （OTC） drug. Its main ingredients include Ranunculus ternatus and Panax notoginseng. With the effects of nourishing Yin and moistening the lungs， as well as relieving cough and reducing phlegm， Yifei Zhike capsules are often used in the treatment of acute and chronic bronchitis， pulmonary tuberculosis， and other diseases. However， there is insufficient understanding of their efficacy， suitable syndromes， and safety in clinical practice， with a lack of relevant expert consensus on clinical application. To standardize their clinical application， 30 experts from the fields of respiratory medicine， pharmacy， and evidence-based medicine were invited to develop an Expert Consensus on the Clinical Application of Yifei Zhike Capsules （Consensus for short） through evidence-based medicine methods. The Consensus clarified the syndrome characteristics， disease stages， dosages， treatment courses， combined medication， and other norms in the treatment of acute/chronic bronchitis and pulmonary tuberculosis and could be applicable to clinical physicians and pharmacists in medical and health institutions at all levels. In disease diagnosis， it provided diagnostic criteria for traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine and clarified that the suitable traditional Chinese medicine syndrome was the syndrome of Qi-Yin deficiency with intermingled phlegm-blood stasis. Clinical studies have confirmed that Yifei Zhike capsules combined with standard anti-tuberculosis therapy can effectively improve the symptoms of pulmonary tuberculosis patients， increase the sputum smear conversion rate， and promote the absorption of lesions. When treating acute cough caused by respiratory tract infections， Yifei Zhike capsules can increase the markedly effective rate and the seven-day disappearance rate of cough symptoms. Meanwhile， recommendations for specific usage， dosages， and treatment courses were given for different diseases， and it was pointed out that long-term medication required key monitoring of adverse reactions. In safety， the adverse reactions of Yifei Zhike capsules involved multiple aspects such as the digestive system and allergic reactions， and pregnant women and women during menstruation were prohibited from using it. In addition， modern research has shown that Yifei Zhike capsules have an adjuvant therapeutic effect on tuberculous pleurisy and may be effective for inflammatory and benign pulmonary nodules. However， further research should be conducted on the toxicological safety of long-term medication. The formulation of the Consensus provides a scientific basis for the rational clinical application of Yifei Zhike capsules， which helps to improve clinical efficacy and reduce medication risks.

Algorithmic systems based on artificial intelligence(AI)and machine learning(ML)have undergone rapid advancement in recent years, demonstrating extensive application across diverse ophthalmic disorders. Owing to the public availability of multiple global databases, significant progress has been achieved in the training and development of AI-integrated algorithms utilizing multimodal ophthalmic imaging modalities, including fundus photography and optical coherence tomography(OCT). These advancements have established a foundation for precision medicine and efficient healthcare delivery. The diagnosis of macular diseases relies on the identification of subtle alterations in tissue anatomy, where AI demonstrated exceptional performance in detecting intraocular biomarkers and evaluating anatomical changes during disease progression, with particularly prominent utility in the field of macular pathologies. This article provides a comprehensive review of the current applications of AI in macular diseases, aiming to synthesize existing research achievements and current challenges, while proposing visionary prospects for the broader implementation of AI in ophthalmology and even systemic medicine in the future.

The compilation instructions for the Expert Consensus on Clinical Application of Yifei Zhike Capsules systematically expound the development background， methodological framework， and core achievements of this consensus. In view of the problems existing in the clinical application of Yifei Zhike Capsules， such as insufficient efficacy evidence and lack of standardized syndrome differentiation， the Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine， China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences took the lead and collaborated with 21 tertiary grade-A hospitals and research institutions across China to form a multidisciplinary expert group （comprising 30 experts in clinical medicine， pharmacy， and methodology）. The compilation work was carried out in strict accordance with the World Health Organization （WHO） guidelines， the GB/T 1.1-2020 standard， and the writing specifications for the explanatory notes of expert consensus on clinical application of Chinese patent medicines. Through systematic literature retrieval （including 32 studies， with 24 clinical studies）， Grading of Recommendations Assessment， Development and Evaluations （GRADE）-based evidence grading， and multiple rounds of discussions using the nominal group method （25 experts voted to determine 17 clinical questions）， 5 evidence-based recommendations and 11 expert consensus suggestions were formed. It is clarified that this medicine （Yifei Zhike Capsules） is applicable to the treatment of expectoration/hemoptysis in acute and chronic bronchitis and the adjuvant treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis. It is recommended that it can be used alone or in combination with anti-tuberculosis drugs. The safety evaluation shows that this medicine mainly induces the following adverse reactions： mild gastrointestinal reactions （such as nausea and abdominal pain） and rashes. The contraindicated populations include pregnant women and women during menstruation. The compilation process of the consensus underwent three rounds of expert letter reviews， two rounds of peer reviews， and quality control assessments to ensure methodological rigor and clinical applicability. In addition， through policy alignment， academic promotion， and a dynamic revision mechanism， the standardization of clinical application was promoted， providing a demonstration for the evidence-based transformation of characteristic therapies of Miao medicine.

The Compilation Instructions for Expert Consensus on Clinical Application of Dieda Huoxue capsules systematically expound the development methods and evidence-based basis of this consensus. In view of the weak clinical application evidence and ambiguous indications of Dieda Huoxue capsules， the Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine of the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences and Wangjing Hospital took the lead and collaborated with 33 experts from 28 medical institutions nationwide. They strictly followed the World Health Organization （WHO） guideline-making norms and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment， Development and Evaluations （GRADE） evidence-grading system and completed the compilation through multidisciplinary cooperation. The workflow included constructing clinical questions （19 items were screened by the nominal group technique）， retrieving evidence （from Chinese and English databases and grey literature）， assessing safety （integrating drug monitoring data and clinical investigations）， and forming recommendations and consensus suggestions （3 recommendations were reached via the GRADE grid method， and 16 consensus suggestions were reached by the majority vote rule）. The results indicate that the consensus clearly states that this medicine （Dieda Huoxue capsules） is applicable to conditions like traumatic injury， blood stasis-induced pain， and sudden lumbar sprains. The recommended dose is 6 capsules each time， twice a day. Combining oral administration with external application can enhance the efficacy， and elderly patients should take the medicine at intervals. Safety monitoring suggests that it should be used with caution in people with a bleeding tendency and those with an allergic constitution. The compilation process involved three rounds of reviews by internal and external experts. Literature analysis， the Delphi method， and clinical applicability tests were employed to ensure methodological rigor. The compilation instructions comprehensively present key aspects such as project approval and registration， conflict-of-interest statements， and evidence evaluation through 12 appendices， providing methodological support for the clinical translation of the consensus. In the future， it will be continuously improved through a dynamic revision mechanism.

Objective: To explore the potential category patterns of risk prevention and control behaviors of HIV infection among young students who have sex with men (MSM) and their impact on HIV infection and late detection, aiming to optimize intervention strategies. Methods: From September 2017 to December 2024, a total of 1 637 MSM young students in Tianjin were recruited through both online and offline channels. Latent class analysis was applied to classify 11 HIV risk prevention and control behaviors [condom use during the most recent anal sex in the past 6 months, consistent condom use, use of water based lubricants, abstinence from recreational drugs, regular on site professional testing, fixed sexual partners, partner testing, awareness of partner s HIV testing results, testing before sexual activity, nucleic acid testing, and use of pre exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) or post exposure prophylaxis (PEP)]. Multivariate Logistic regression analyzed associations between demographic characteristics/intervention services factors and latent classes. Differences in HIV infection and late detection across behavior patterns were compared. Results: HIV risk prevention and control behaviors among MSM students were classified into three latent classes:condom dependent group (38.42%), low prevention group (27.73%), and comprehensive prevention group (33.85%). Students who received condom promotion/testing services were more likely to belong to the comprehensive prevention group ( OR =5.58), while those who received peer education were less likely to the comprehensive prevention group ( OR =0.43) (both P <0.01). Among the MSM student population, the HIV infection rate was 4.83%, with 2.26% of cases detected late. The HIV infection rate (1.45%) and late detection proportion (0.82%) in the comprehensive prevention group were lower than those in the low prevention group (7.89% and 3.83%, respectively) ( χ 2=16.20, 7.31, both P <0.01). Conclusions HIV risk prevention and control behaviors among MSM young students exhibit significant heterogeneity. Comprehensive prevention strategies can effectively reduce HIV infection and late detection risks. It is necessary to optimize peer education content and improve the accessibility of diversified prevention measures such as PrEP/PEP to enhance HIV prevention and control.

OBJECTIVE: This study is designed to investigate the mode of action of the synergistic effect of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and magnolol against cervical cancer. METHODS: Network pharmacological approach was applied to predict the molecular mechanism of 5-FU combined with magnolol against cervical cancer. CCK-8 assay, colony formation assay, immunofluorescence staining, adhesion assay, wound healing mobility assay, cell migration and invasion assay and Western blot analysis were conducted to validate the results of in silico study. RESULTS: Phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway was identified as the key pathway in silico study. The experimental results showed that 5-FU combined with magnolol strongly inhibited cervical cancer cell proliferation, induced the morphological change of HeLa cells by down-regulating the expression of α-actinin, tensin-2 and vinculin. Moreover, magnolol enhanced inhibitory effect of 5-FU on the cell adhesion, migration and invasion. The phosphorylation of AKT and PI3K and the expression of mTOR were strongly inhibited by the combination of 5-FU and magnolol. Moreover, the expression of E-cadherin and β-catenin was upregulated and the expression of Snail, Slug and vimentin was down-regulated by the 5-FU together with magnolol. CONCLUSION Taken together, this study suggests that 5-FU combined with magnolol exerts a synergistic anti-cervical cancer effect by regulating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) signaling pathways.

Objective To evaluate the value of high-energetic virtual monoenergetic imaging(MonoE),bone metal artifact reduction(O-MAR),and their combination based on dual-layer detector spectral computed tomography(DLCT)in removing the artifacts caused by lumbar metal implants.Methods Patients who undergone lumbar implant surgery and performed lumbar examination on DLCT after surgery were prospectively selected.MonoE from 100 to 200 keV with an interval of 20 keV were reconstructed.O-MAR and O-MAR combined with MonoE(O-MAR+MonoE)images were also reconstructed.The differences of objective and subjective image quality among the images were compared.Results There were 45 patients included in the study.With the increasing of keV of MonoE,the attenuation of the tissue with low-and high-density artifact on MonoE and O-MAR+MonoE was increased and decreased,respectively.140 keV MonoE was the best sequence for the artifact reduction and the display of soft tissue.200 keV MonoE and its combination with O-MAR showed the best performance in the display of the interface of metal and bone.However,O-MAR+200 keV MonoE had the lowest noise.Conclusion Compared to O-MAR and O-MAR combined with MonoE,high-energetic MonoE shows a good value in the reduction of metal artifacts caused by the lumbar metal implants.

Tripterygium wilfordii is widely used in the treatment of immune system disease and has a remarkable curative effect. Triptolide and Tripterygium glycosides are the most commonly used active ingredients in clinical practice， but their treatment window is narrow and there are many side effects. The damage involves the reproductive system， blood system， cardiovascular system， digestive system， etc. Based on clinical observations and literature summaries， the symptoms of adverse reactions mostly occur in the digestive system （liver and gastrointestinal tract）. Relevant scholars have launched a lot of studies of the manifestations of liver injury induced by T. wilfordii and the mechanism of liver injury. The mechanism is mainly related to liver cell apoptosis， induction of oxidative stress， immune injury， excessive autophagy of liver cells， abnormal fatty acid metabolism， and abnormal enzyme metabolism in liver tissues. This article reviewed and summarized relevant literature on gastrointestinal injury caused by T. wilfordii， but there are few studies on the manifestations and mechanisms of adverse reactions， which still need further research by scholars. In addition， this article also summarized the research on how to reduce toxicity and enhance efficacy of prescriptions prepared from T. wilfordii in the digestive system， mainly involving compatibility with western medicines （Methotrexate， Leflunomide， Iguratimod， etc.）， use along or combination with Chinese medicines （single Chinese medicine， Chinese medicine monomers， and Chinese medicine compounds）， acupuncture and moxibustion （electroacupuncture and moxibustion）， dosage form improvement （glycol plastid gel， self-dissolving microneedle， solid lipid nanoparticles， gastric floating sustained-release capsules， etc.）， processing （steaming， stir-frying， radish seed processing， money grass processing， licorice processing， etc.）， and other methods to reduce toxicity. To sum up， this article analyzed the manifestations， mechanisms， and methods of reducing toxicity and enhancing efficacy of T. wilfordii-induced liver injury and gastrointestinal injury by sorting out relevant literature， in order to provide a reference for the clinical application of T. wilfordii and some research ideas for the future in-depth study of T. wilfordii-induced digestive system injury.