OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of bear bile powder (BBP) on acute lung injury (ALI) and the underlying mechanism. METHODS: The chemical constituents of BBP were analyzed by ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS). After 7 days of adaptive feeding, 50 mice were randomly divided into 5 groups by a random number table (n=10): normal control (NC), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), dexamethasone (Dex), low-, and high-dose BBP groups. The dosing cycle was 9 days. On the 12th and 14th days, 20 µL of Staphylococcus aureus solution (bacterial concentration of 1 × 10^-7 CFU/mL) was given by nasal drip after 1 h of intragastric administration, and the mice in the NC group was given the same dose of phosphated buffered saline (PBS) solution. On the 16th day, after 1 h intragastric administration, 100 µL of LPS solution (1 mg/mL) was given by tracheal intubation, and the same dose of PBS solution was given to the NC group. Lung tissue was obtained to measure the myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, the lung wet/dry weight ratio and expressions of CD14 and other related proteins. The lower lobe of the right lung was obtained for pathological examination. The concentrations of inflammatory cytokines including interleukin (IL)-6, tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α ) and IL-1β in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, and the number of neutrophils was counted. The colonic contents of the mice were analyzed by 16 sRNA technique and the contents of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were measured by gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer (GC-MS). RESULTS: UPLC-MS revealed that the chemical components of BBP samples were mainly tauroursodeoxycholic acid and taurochenodeoxycholic acid sodium salt. BBP reduced the activity of MPO, concentrations of inflammatory cytokines, and inhibited the expression of CD14 protein, thus suppressing the activation of NF-κB pathway (P<0.05). The lung histopathological results indicated that BBP significantly reduced the degree of neutrophil infiltration, cell shedding, necrosis, and alveolar cavity depression. Moreover, BBP effectively regulated the composition of the intestinal microflora and increased the production of SCFAs, which contributed to its treatment effect (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS BBP alleviates lung injury in ALI mouse through inhibiting activation of NF-κB pathway and decreasing expression of CD14 protein. BBP may promote recovery of ALI by improving the structure of intestinal flora and enhancing metabolic function of intestinal flora.
Animals ; Acute Lung Injury/pathology* ; Lipopolysaccharides ; Ursidae ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects* ; Bile/chemistry* ; Lipopolysaccharide Receptors/metabolism* ; Powders ; Male ; Lung/drug effects* ; Mice ; Peroxidase/metabolism* ; Signal Transduction/drug effects* ; Cytokines/metabolism*

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to explore the association between body mass index (BMI) and mortality based on the 10-year population-based multicenter prospective study. METHODS: A general population-based multicenter prospective study was conducted at four sites in rural China between 2013 and 2023. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards models and restricted cubic spline analyses were used to assess the association between BMI and mortality. Stratified analyses were performed based on the individual characteristics of the participants. RESULTS: Overall, 19,107 participants with a sum of 163,095 person-years were included and 1,910 participants died. The underweight (< 18.5 kg/m ²) presented an increase in all-cause mortality (adjusted hazards ratio [ aHR] = 2.00, 95% confidence interval [ CI]: 1.66-2.41), while overweight (≥ 24.0 to < 28.0 kg/m ²) and obesity (≥ 28.0 kg/m ²) presented a decrease with an aHR of 0.61 (95% CI: 0.52-0.73) and 0.51 (95% CI: 0.37-0.70), respectively. Overweight ( aHR = 0.76, 95% CI: 0.67-0.86) and mild obesity ( aHR = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.59-0.87) had a positive impact on mortality in people older than 60 years. All-cause mortality decreased rapidly until reaching a BMI of 25.7 kg/m ² ( aHR = 0.95, 95% CI: 0.92-0.98) and increased slightly above that value, indicating a U-shaped association. The beneficial impact of being overweight on mortality was robust in most subgroups and sensitivity analyses. CONCLUSION This study provides additional evidence that overweight and mild obesity may be inversely related to the risk of death in individuals older than 60 years. Therefore, it is essential to consider age differences when formulating health and weight management strategies.
Humans ; Body Mass Index ; China/epidemiology* ; Male ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Prospective Studies ; Rural Population/statistics & numerical data* ; Aged ; Follow-Up Studies ; Adult ; Mortality ; Cause of Death ; Obesity/mortality* ; Overweight/mortality*

Stickler syndrome is a hereditary connective tissue disorder, characterized in ocular manifestations by high myopia and vitreous abnormalities. The progression of the disease can lead to giant retinal tear and rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, making it the most common cause of inherited pediatric retinal detachment. Surgical intervention is the primary treatment for retinal detachment associated with Stickler syndrome. However, there are currently no evidence-based management strategies. Patients typically require multiple surgeries, with low reattachment rates and high recurrence rates, emphasizing the importance of prophylactic treatment. Current prophylactic measures include scleral bucking, laser photocoagulation and retinal cryotherapy, but their absolute benefits remain insufficiently supported. This review summarizes recent advances in the prophylaxis and treatment of retinal detachment in Stickler syndrome, aiming to provide new insights and essential references for the prevention and treatment for such conditions.

The anti-inflammatory effect of simplified Zhiqin Decoction was observed by using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation mouse model. The main chemical constituents and the main mechanism of action of simplified Zhiqin Decoction were predicted by network pharmacology. Animal experiments verified the anti-inflammatory mechanism of simplified Zhiqin Decoction (this experiment was approved by the Animal Experiment Ethics Committee of Southwest University, approval number: IACUC-20210825-02). Simplifying Zhiqin Decoction has a significant anti-inflammatory effect on inflammatory mice, can significantly improve the overall macro shape of mice, reduce body temperature, water intake, increase the number of autonomous activities; alleviate liver, lung, spleen, thymus inflammation and pathological damage; decrease tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6, nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂) content in serum and urine. The contents of serum immune factors IgG, IgA and IgM were increased. Network pharmacology predicted 66 potential anti-inflammatory active components of simplified Zhiqin Decoction involving 132 inflammatory targets, and the key anti-inflammatory signaling pathway involved PI3K/AKT, TNF, JAK-STAT, etc. Animal experiments show that simplified Zhiqin Decoction can significantly reduce the expression of JAK2/STAT-PI3K/AKT-NF-κB-TNF signaling pathway related proteins in lung tissue of inflammatory mice. The results of this study showed that simplified Zhiqin Decoction had significant anti-inflammatory effects, and its main anti-inflammatory components were quercetin, β-sitosterol, kaempferol, wogonin, stigmasterol, luteolin, neobaicalein, etc. The main mechanism of its anti-inflammatory action is that it significantly inhibits the expression of JAK2/STAT-PI3K/AKT-NF-κB-TNF signaling pathway protein.

Objective:To analyze the relationship between genotype and clinical phenotype of the MYH7-R453C mutation in five Chinese hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) families.Methods:A retrospective cohort study was conducted on 527 unrelated HCM probands who were first diagnosed at the First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University (Xijing Hospital) from February 2014 to July 2018, and the high-throughput whole exome targeted sequencing of 96 genes related to hereditary cardiovascular disease was performed on the probands. The probands carrying the MYH7-R453C mutation were screened out, and their family members carrying the mutation were verified using Sanger sequencing. Healthy individuals without family history of genetic diseases from the same period and ethnicity were recruited as controls. Clinical data such as echocardiography, 12-lead electrocardiogram, and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging of the probands and their family members were collected, and the correlation between patient genotype and clinical phenotype was analyzed. Endpoint or key events were recorded through hospital re-examination or telephone follow-up.Results:The MYH7-R453C mutation was detected in 5 HCM probands, and clinical data and genetic results of 20 family members, including probands, were collected. Among them, 13 carried the MYH7-R453C mutation, of which 12 were diagnosed with HCM, and one child (F1Ⅲ 5) experienced early changes of HCM. The seven family members who did not carry the MYH7-R453C mutation had normal echocardiograms and 12-lead electrocardiograms. Among the 12 patients diagnosed with HCM, 2 experienced (F2Ⅱ 7, F5Ⅰ 2) sudden cardiac death, 2 experienced (F1Ⅲ 1, F3Ⅲ 3) events of sudden cardiac death survival, 2(F1Ⅱ 2, F3Ⅱ 1) died from heart failure during the follow-up period. Combined with the initial visit and follow-up, 4 families (F1, F2, F3, F5) had a family history of sudden death, among which 3 families probands or multiple family members experiencing sudden death before the age of 30 and adverse outcomes such as implantation of implantable cardioverter-defibrillators after sudden death survival. Conclusions:In the five families with HCM carrying MYH7-R453C mutations, genotype is highly correlated with clinical phenotype, and patients have a high risk of sudden death and poor prognosis. Early diagnosis of individuals carrying the MYH7-R453C gene mutation, both within the patient′s family and in the patients themselves, is crucial for initiating early treatment, preventing sudden death, and assessing prognosis.

Humans ; Adolescent ; Acne Vulgaris/therapy* ; Skin Care ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Cognition ; China ; Skin

Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms（DRESS），known as drug hypersensitivity syndrome，is a rare but serious，potentially fatal，and systemic adverse drug reaction.It may affect children，and the morbidity and mortality rates are lower in children than those in adults.Antibiotics and anticonvulsants are common culprit drugs for DRESS in children.Antibiotics may be more common in children compared with adults，and latency phase can be less than two weeks.Liver involvement is most common.Early identification and discontinuation of culprit drugs and immediate treatment after early diagnosis are critical.Systemic corticosteroid is the first-line treatment for moderate to severe DRESS.Targeted therapies are promising，but it need further evidence to use in children.

Air lock module pressure control is a necessary step to balance the pressure inside and outside the spacecraft cabin and achieve the transfer of materials or personnel inside and outside the spacecraft cabin.The two main functions of the air lock module pressure control system are to reduce the pressure when leaving the chamber and increase the pressure when returning to the chamber.There are some methods such as releasing the gas in the chamber to vacuum or storing the gas in the chamber using containers.The control equipment for releasing gas is simple,but the gas is wasted.Gas storage requires temperature control and gas compressing equipment,but the gas is saved.There are some methods such as releasing gas from high-pressure vessels or releasing gas from nearby chamber.This article theoretically analyzes airlock module pressure controlling and provides several technical solutions for designing module pressure control systems.Releasing the gas to vacuum is suitable for spacecraft with a single sealed cabin while storing the gas is suitable for spacecraft with multi sealed cabins.Combined methods are also used in specific conditions.

Objective To verify the effectiveness of the"10S"management method in improving the efficiency of the traditional Chinese medicine pharmacy.Methods A controlled experiment was conducted to compare the expenditure on daily supplies,the environment of the place,the pharmacists'competence in pharmacy services,the quality and efficiency of the dispensing work,the error rate of dispensing,and the patients'satisfaction to the traditional Chinese medicine pharmacy,using the period before the implementation of the"10S"management(January to July 2022)as the control group and the period after the implementation of the"10S"management(January to July 2023)as the experimental group.Results After the implementation of the"10S"management,the daily expenditure of the Chinese medicine pharmacy was reduced,the place was tidy and orderly,the pharmacists'competence in pharmacy services was significantly improved,the quality and efficiency of the dispensing work were significantly improved,the dispensing error rate was reduced,and the patients'satisfaction was further enhanced.The data showed that the dispensing time of the Chinese medicine pharmacy was reduced from(7.77±0.21)min to(6.64±0.27)min during the busy phase,and the average dispensing time was reduced from(32.44±1.32)min to(17.05±2.23)min during the busy phase.Conclusion The"10S"management method is recommended to be promoted in traditional Chinese medicine pharmacies to improve the efficiency and service quality of Chinese pharmacists.

Objective:To investigate the effects of resveratrol(RSV)on ovarian morphology,plasma anti-Müllerian hormone(AMH)and insulin-like growth factor 1 levels(IGF-1),and oxidative stress parameters in rats with polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS).Methods:Forty-six rats were randomly divided into a normal control(n=12),a PCOS model control(n=12),a ros-iglitazone(RSG,n=11),and an RSV group(n=11).The PCOS model was established in the latter three groups by rejection of epidehydroandrosterone.The rats in the normal control and PCOS model control groups were treated by gavage of normal saline and those in the RSG and RSV groups by intragastric administration of RSG at 10 mg/(kg·d)and RSV at 3.0 mg/(kg·d),respective-ly.After 4 weeks of treatment,the ovarian histology was observed under the light microscope,the levels of plasma AMH and IGF-1 measured by ELISA,and the activities of glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px),superoxide dismutase(SOD)and catalase(CAT)in the ovarian tissue detected using the Ellman,Sun and AEBI methods,respectively.Results:After a4-week treatment,statistically sig-nificant differences were observed in the above indicators between the normal control and PCOS model control groups(P＜0.05).The rats treated with RSG and RSV also showed significant differences in these parameters from the model controls(P＜0.05).Conclu-sion:RSV can enhance the local antioxidant capacity of the ovary,reduce the levels of AMH and IGF-1,and improve the morphology of the ovarian tissue in rats with PCOS,indicating its potential value in the treatment of PCOS.