This study aims to investigate the effect of salvianolic acid B (Sal B), the active ingredient of Salvia miltiorrhiza, on H9C2 cardiomyocytes injured by oxygen and glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) through regulating mitochondrial fission and fusion. The process of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury was simulated by establishing OGD/R model. The cell proliferation and cytotoxicity detection kit (cell counting kit-8, CCK-8) was used to detect cell viability; the kit method was used to detect intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), total glutathione (t-GSH), nitric oxide (NO) content, protein expression levels of mitochondrial fission and fusion, apoptosis-related detection by Western blot. Mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) detection kit and Hoechst 33342 fluorescence was used to observe the opening level of MPTP, and molecular docking technology was used to determine the molecular target of Sal B. The results showed that relative to control group, OGD/R injury reduced cell viability, increased the content of ROS, decreased the content of t-GSH and NO. Furthermore, OGD/R injury increased the protein expression levels of dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1), mitofusions 2 (Mfn2), Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax) and cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase 3 (caspase 3), and decreased the protein expression levels of Mfn1, increased MPTP opening level. Compared with the OGD/R group, it was observed that Sal B had a protective effect at concentrations ranging from 6.25 to 100 μmol·L^-1. Sal B decreased the content of ROS, increased the content of t-GSH and NO, and Western blot showed that Sal B decreased the protein expression levels of Drp1, Mfn2, Bax and caspase 3, increased the protein expression level of Mfn1, and decreased the opening level of MPTP. In summary, Sal B may inhibit the opening of MPTP, reduce cell apoptosis and reduce OGD/R damage in H9C2 cells by regulating the balance of oxidation and anti-oxidation, mitochondrial fission and fusion, thereby providing a scientific basis for the use of Sal B in the treatment of myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury.

Objective:To evaluate the risk of major chemical exposure positions in copper and nickel smelting enterprises, and provide a basis for risk assessment and prevention control measures.Methods:From September to October 2023, two copper nickel ore smelting enterprises in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region were selected as the research objects. Relevant information on chemicals was collected through occupational hazard field investigations. Qualitative analysis and exposure index methods were used in GBZ/T 298-2017 "Technical Guidelines for Occupational Health Risk Assessment of Chemical Hazardous Factors in the Workplace" to conduct risk assessments on the main chemical exposure positions. The qualitative risk assessment results were checked for consistency using the Weighted Kappa coefficient.Results:The positions with high risk of exposure to hazardous chemicals in copper nickel smelting enterprises are saponification positions exposed to hydrochloric acid in refining processes, black nickel positions exposed to sodium hydroxide, and tail suction positions. The consistency between the two occupational health risk assessment results is poor (Kappa=0.14) .Conclusion:The amount of major hazardous chemicals in copper-nickel smelting enterprises is large, and the occupational health risks caused by exposure are complex and diverse, so the effects of chronic occupational health should be strengthened.

Tranexamic acid is widely used in joint orthopedic surgery.At the same time,it has high safety and few adverse drug reactions.It can effectively improve intraoperative bleeding and promote early functional recovery of patients.This article reviews the mode of administration,safe dose,administration time and adverse drug reactions of tranexamic acid in the perioperative period of joint replacement and arthroscopic surgery,in order to provide reference for the clinical application of tranexamic acid.

Background::Cardiovascular disease (CVD) has emerged as the leading cause of death from prostate cancer (PCa) in recent decades, bringing a great disease burden worldwide. Men with preexisting CVD have an increased risk for major adverse cardiovascular events when treated with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). The present study aimed to explore the prevalence and risk evaluation of CVD among people with newly diagnosed PCa in China.Methods::Clinical data of newly diagnosed PCa patients were retrospectively collected from 34 centers in China from 2010 to 2022 through convenience sampling. CVD was defined as myocardial infarction, arrhythmia, heart failure, stroke, ischemic heart disease, and others. CVD risk was estimated by calculating Framingham risk scores (FRS). Patients were accordingly divided into low-, medium-, and high-risk groups. χ2 or Fisher’s exact test was used for comparison of categorical variables. Results::A total of 4253 patients were enrolled in the present study. A total of 27.0% (1147/4253) of patients had comorbid PCa and CVD, and 7.2% (307/4253) had two or more CVDs. The enrolled population was distributed in six regions of China, and approximately 71.0% (3019/4253) of patients lived in urban areas. With imaging and pathological evaluation, most PCa patients were diagnosed at an advanced stage, with 20.5% (871/4253) locally progressing and 20.5% (871/4253) showing metastasis. Most of them initiated prostatectomy (46.6%, 1983/4253) or regimens involving ADT therapy (45.7%, 1944/4253) for prostate cancer. In the present PCa cohort, 43.1% (1832/4253) of patients had hypertension, and half of them had poorly controlled blood pressure. With FRS stratification, as expected, a higher risk of CVD was related to aging and metabolic disturbance. However, we also found that patients with treatment involving ADT presented an originally higher risk of CVD than those without ADT. This was in accordance with clinical practice, i.e., aged patients or patients at advanced oncological stages were inclined to accept systematic integrative therapy instead of surgery. Among patients who underwent medical castration, only 4.0% (45/1118) received gonadotropin releasing hormone antagonists, in stark contrast to the grim situation of CVD prevalence and risk.Conclusions::PCa patients in China are diagnosed at an advanced stage. A heavy CVD burden was present at the initiation of treatment. Patients who accepted ADT-related therapy showed an original higher risk of CVD, but the awareness of cardiovascular protection was far from sufficient.

Gravity is one of the most widespread mechanomechanical signals affecting surface organisms and plays a key role in maintaining normal cardiovascular structure and function.The absence of gravity in the space environment leads to changes in the physiological-mechanical environment of the cardiovascular system,potentially causing adaptive changes or remodelling of the cardiovascular system in terms of structure and function.However,how the cardiovascular system senses,transduces,and responds to altered mechanical stress in the microgravity environment remains poorly understood by humans.In this paper,we reviewed the research findings on mechanoreceptors and mechano-transduction of cardiovascular system in recent years,analyzed the mechanisms of mechanical perception and response to microgravity in cardiovascular system,and predicted the novel mechanoreceptors,key signaling pathways,and potential targets for intervention in space microgravity.This article aims to provide new ideas for combating adaptive changes in the cardiovascular system due to space microgravity.

Objective:To evaluate the risk of major chemical exposure positions in copper and nickel smelting enterprises, and provide a basis for risk assessment and prevention control measures.Methods:From September to October 2023, two copper nickel ore smelting enterprises in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region were selected as the research objects. Relevant information on chemicals was collected through occupational hazard field investigations. Qualitative analysis and exposure index methods were used in GBZ/T 298-2017 "Technical Guidelines for Occupational Health Risk Assessment of Chemical Hazardous Factors in the Workplace" to conduct risk assessments on the main chemical exposure positions. The qualitative risk assessment results were checked for consistency using the Weighted Kappa coefficient.Results:The positions with high risk of exposure to hazardous chemicals in copper nickel smelting enterprises are saponification positions exposed to hydrochloric acid in refining processes, black nickel positions exposed to sodium hydroxide, and tail suction positions. The consistency between the two occupational health risk assessment results is poor (Kappa=0.14) .Conclusion:The amount of major hazardous chemicals in copper-nickel smelting enterprises is large, and the occupational health risks caused by exposure are complex and diverse, so the effects of chronic occupational health should be strengthened.

Objective To investigate the clinical effect of anterior cervical discectomy and fusion(ACDF)in the treatment of cervical spondylosis of vertebral artery type(CSA).Methods The clinical data of 42 patients with CSA from January 2020 to January 2022 were retrospectively analyzed.There were 25 males and 17 females,aged from 30 to 74 years old with an average of(53.9±11.0)years old.There were 18 cases with single-segment lesions,17 cases with two-segment lesions,and 7 cases with three-segment lesions.The American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery's Hearing and Balance Committee score(CHE),the Neck Disability Index(NDI)and the cervical curvature Cobb angle were recorded before surgery and after surgery at 6 months.Results All 42 ACDF patients were followed up for 6 to 30 months with an average of(14.0±5.2)months.The operative time ranged from 95 to 220 min with an average of(160.38±36.77)min,the intraoperative blood loss ranged from 30 to 85 ml with an average of(53.60±18.98)ml.Tow patients had mild postoperative dysphagia,which improved with symptomatic treatment such as nebulized inhalation.CHE score decreased from(4.05±0.96)preoperatively to(2.40±0.70)at 6 months postoperatively(t=12.97,P＜0.05).The number of improved vertigo at 6 months postoperatively was 38,with an im-provement rate of 90.5％.NDI score was reduced from(34.43±8.04)preoperatively to(20.76±3.91)at 6 months postopera-tively(t=1 1.83,P＜0.05).The cervical curvature Cobb angle improved from(8.04±6.70)° preoperatively to(12.42±5.23)° at 6 months postoperatively(t=-15.96,P＜0.05).Conclusion The ACDF procedure has outstanding clinical efficacy in treating CSA.The operation can rapidly relieve patients'episodic vertigo symptoms by relieving bony compression and reconstructing cervical curvature.However,it is necessary to strictly grasp the indications for surgery and clarify the causes of vertigo in pa-tients,and ACDF surgery is recommended for CSA patients for whom conservative treatment is ineffective.

Mitral valve prolapse is one of the common causes of mitral regurgitation.Mitral valve prolapse complicated with leaflet cleft is rare in clinical practice,which most often undergo surgical mitral valve repair or mitral valve replacement.We report a case of mitral valve prolapse with posterior leaflet cleft treated by transcatheter edge-to-edge mitral valve repair,in order to provide a model for similar cases.

Objective To evaluate the predictors of recurrent in-stent restenosis(R-ISR)occurrence in drug-eluting stents(DES).Methods A total of 201 patients with ISR who received percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI)surgery in the First Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital from January 2010 to August 2023 were selected as the study objects,and the patients were divided into R-ISR group and non-R-ISR group according to their post-discharge angiography review.The clinical baseline data and the features of interventional surgery during the first ISR-PCI were retrospectively analyzed.Results Among the 201 patients,168 were males and 33 were females,with an average age of(61.97±10.02)years.The median interval between initial and follow-up angiography was 1.5 years.Patients were divided into two groups based on their radiographic reviews:R-ISR group(98 patients and 104 ISR lesions)and non-R-ISR group(103 patients and 111 ISR lesions).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the incidence of R-ISR was correlated with Ostial disease(OR 2.987,95％CI 1.343-6.642,P=0.007),plain old balloon angioplasty(POBA)performed for ISR lesions(OR 3.081,95％CI 1.293-7.343,P=0.011)and the maximum diameter stenosis rate of ISR lesions before surgery(OR 1.016,95％CI 1.002-1.030,P=0.022).Conclusions In patients currently receiving interventional therapy for ISR,Ostial disease,POBA treatment for ISR disease,and maximum diameter stenosis rate of ISR disease were associated predictors of R-ISR development.

Objective To investigate the effect of Inonotus obliquus extract on Crohn's disease and its mechanism by proteomics technology.Methods Crohn's disease(CD)model was induced by 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid(TNBS).A total of 48 SD male rats were randomized into control,model,Inonotus obliquus low-dose(200 mg/kg),medium-dose(400 mg/kg),high-dose(800 mg/kg)groups,and positive control group(mesalazine,225 mg/kg).The disease activity index(DAI)score and the colonic mucosal injury index(CMDI)score were assessed after one week of drug intervention.HE staining was used to observe the histopathological changes in the colon,and ELISA was used to detect the levels of IL-1β,IL-6,and TNF-α in the serum.Proteins were extracted from the colonic tissues of the control group,model group,and Inonotus obliquus high-dose group,and bioinformatics analysis was performed for the proteins identified by quantitative proteomics.Finally,Western blot and RT-qPCR were employed to verify the key proteins.Results Compared with the model group,the DAI,CMDI and HE staining scores were significantly decreased in the medium and high dose groups(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01),as well as the levels of inflammatory factors IL-1β,IL-6 and TNF-αin serum(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).Proteomic tests showed that there were 199 differentially expressed proteins(DEPs)between the Inonotus obliquus high-dose group and the model group,of which 63 DEPs were related to CD.Bioinformatics analysis showed that these 63 DEPs were mainly involved in NOD-like receptor signaling pathway,calcium signaling pathway,necroptosis,and other pathways.Consistent with proteomic result,expressions of Vdac1 and Trpv2 were confirmed by Western blot and RT-qPCR in colon tissue.Conclusions Inonotus obliquus extract may regulate NOD-like receptor signaling pathway,calcium signaling pathway,and necroptosis by interfering with the expression of Vdac1 and Trpv2,so as to achieve the effect of treating CD.