Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is currently one of the most widely used plasticizers, widely found in all kinds of items, such as children’s toys and food packaging materials, but also added to wallpaper, cable protective agents and other building decoration materials. DEHP is toxic and absorbed by the human body through respiratory tract, digestive tract and skin contact, which can cause damage to multiple systems, especially the male reproductive system, and testis is an important target organ. Oxidative stress injury is the core mechanism of spermatogenesis disorder caused by DEHP. DEHP exposure can cause oxidative stress or reactive oxygen species (ROS) increase in germ cells, and on this basis, promote cell apoptosis or cause excessive autophagy. The toxicity of DEHP to Leydig cells is mainly to interfere with the synthesis of steroid hormones. For Sertoli cells, ferroptosis and destruction of the blood-testis barrier are common injury mechanisms. In addition, gene methylation caused by DEHP not only affects the spermatogenic process, but also has epigenetic effects on offspring. In this paper, we reviewed the pathological damage, germ cell toxicity and epigenetic effects of DEHP on testis, and focused on the damage and molecular mechanism on testicular spermatogenic cells, Leydig cells and Sertoli cells. Future research is required to elucidate the body’s clearance mechanism and treatment plan after exposure to DEHP and whether DEHP will damage the function of myoid cells. It is hoped that this can provide new ideas for prevention and treatment of male reproductive disorders resulting from long-term exposure to plastic products.

Objective To explore the value of serum microRNAs-145(miR-145)and P53 antibody detection in the evaluation of therapeutic effect and prognosis in the treatment of breast cancer with Long Bei Xiaoyao Powder.Methods Ninety cases of breast cancer patients admitted to Beijing Aerospace General Hospital from January 2020 to January 2021 were selected as the study subjects.The patients were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group by random number table method,with 45 cases in each group.All of the patients in the two groups received individualized comprehensive treatment,and additionally the observation group was treated with Long Bei Xiaoyao Powder.The course of treatment covered three months.Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction(PCR)method was used to detect serum miR-145 expression level,and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was used to detect serum P53 antibody expression level.The differences in the pre-and post-treatment expression levels of serum miR-145 and P53 antibodies in the two groups were compared,the relationship between the serum miR-145 and P53 antibody expression level and the poor prognosis of the patients in the observation group was explored by logistic regression analysis,and receiver operating characteristic curve(ROC)was drawn to analyze the value of the serum miR-145 and P53 antibody detection in the prediction of poor prognosis in the observation group.Results(1)After treatment,the detection value of serum miR-145 in the two groups of patients showed an increasing trend(P＜0.05),while that of the P53 antibody showed a decreasing trend(P＜0.05).The intergroup comparison showed that the detection value of serum miR-145 in the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group,while the detection value of P53 antibody was significantly lower than that of the control group,the differences being all statistically significant(P＜0.05).(2)In the observation group,the detection value of serum miR-145 in the patients with good prognosis was significantly higher than that in the patients with poor prognosis,and the detection value of serum P53 antibody in the patients with good prognosis was significantly lower than that in the patients with poor prognosis,the differences being all statistically significant(P＜0.05).(3)Logistic regression analysis showed that high expression of miR-145 was a protective factor for the patients with poor prognosis in the observation group,and high expression of P53 antibody was a risk factor for the patients with poor prognosis in the observation group(P＜0.05).(4)The area under the ROC curve(AUC)for the prediction of prognosis of the patients in the observation group by the combination of serum miR-145 and P53 antibody was the largest(0.877,95%CI:0.769-0.985),and its sensitivity and specificity were 93.75%and 93.10%,respectively,with statistically significant differences(P＜0.05).Conclusion Low expression of serum miR-145 and high expression of serum P53 antibody are presented in the breast cancer patients with poor prognosis,and Long Bei Xiaoyao Powder exerts satisfactory therapeutic effect in treating breast cancer,which is conducive to enhancing the expression level of serum miR-145 and reducing the expression level of serum P53 antibody.

Objective:To investigate the effects of cervical cold knife conization (CKC) on preterm delivery, other pregnancy complications and neonatal outcomes, and explore the relationship between preterm delivery risk and the depth and volume of conization.Methods:The clinical data and pregnancy outcomes of 272 women who underwent CKC in Peking Union Medical College Hospital from January 2002 to March 2018 (conization group) and 1 647 pregnant women who gave birth in Peking Union Medical College Hospital during January to December 2019 (control group) were collected. The preterm delivery, premature rupture of membranes, other pregnancy complications and neonatal outcomes of the two groups were compared, and the relationship between the depth and volume of conization and the risk of preterm delivery in postoperative singleton pregnancy was analyzed.Results:(1) There were no significant differences between the two groups in delivery age, parity, proportion of singleton pregnancy, proportion of assisted reproductive technology (all P>0.05). (2) The rate of preterm delivery in the conization group was significantly higher than that in the control group [14.8% (39/264) vs 5.7% (91/1 589); χ2=28.397, P<0.001]. There were still significant differences in preterm delivery rates between the two groups at <34 weeks and 34-37 weeks (all P<0.01). There was no significant difference in the incidence of premature rupture of membrane between the two groups [23.5% (62/264) vs 23.4% (372/1 589); χ2=0.001, P=0.979], but the incidence of preterm premature rupture of membrane in the conization group was significantly higher than that in the control group [11.4% (30/264) vs 2.2% (35/1 589); χ2=56.132, P<0.001]. (3) The rate of cesarean section in the conization group was higher than that in the control group [59.6% (162/272) vs 38.8% (639/1 647); χ2=41.377, P<0.001]. The birth weight of preterm infants in the conization group was significantly higher than that in the control group [(2 409±680) vs (2 150±684) g; t=2.184, P=0.030]. However, there were no statistically significant differences in the incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus, hypertensive disorders in pregnancy, the birth weight of full-term infants, incidence of small for gestational age infant and neonatal intensive care unit admission rate between the two groups (all P>0.05). (4) The preterm delivery rates of coning depth >15 mm, cone size ≥2 cm 3 and cone size <2 cm 3 were higher than that in the control group (all P<0.05). When the coning depth ≤15 mm, the preterm delivery rate in the conization group was higher than that in the control group, but there was no significant difference ( P=0.620). The rate of preterm delivery of pregnant women with coning depth >15 mm was significantly higher than those with coning depth ≤15 mm ( RR=3.084, 95% CI: 1.474-6.453; P=0.001). There was no significant difference in the preterm delivery rate between pregnant women with cone size >2 cm 3 and those with cone size ≥2 cm 3 ( RR=1.700, 95% CI: 0.935-3.092; P=0.077). Conclusion:The risk of preterm delivery and preterm premature rupture of membranes in subsequent pregnancies are increased after cervical CKC, and the risk of preterm delivery is positively correlated with the depth of cervical coning.

Quantity is the key factor to ensure the safety and effectiveness of medicines. It is very important to study and determine the traditional measuring units and their quantity values of Tibetan medicine. Based on the literature records of Tibetan medicine and combined with modern experimental verification and investigation research, this study determined the reference, name, and conversion rate of traditional measuring units of Tibetan medicine. Meanwhile, through large sample sampling and repeated quantification of refe-rence of basic units, its weight and volume were clarified. The modern SI volume and weight unit values corresponding to the traditional volume and weight units of Tibetan medicine were deduced, and the correctness, reliability, and practicability of these determination results were demonstrated. This study also put forward some specific suggestions and reference values for formulating the standards of measuring units of weight and volume of Tibetan medicine. It is of great significance in guiding the processing, production, and clinical treatment of Tibetan medicine, and promoting the standardization and standardized development of Tibetan medicine.
Medicine, Tibetan Traditional ; Reproducibility of Results

Objective: To investigate the surgical indications and perioperative clinical outcomes of pelvic exenteration (PE) for locally advanced, recurrent pelvic malignancies and complex pelvic fistulas. Methods: This was a descriptive study.The indications for performing PE were: (1) locally advanced, recurrent pelvic malignancy or complex pelvic fistula diagnosed preoperatively by imaging and pathological examination of a biopsy; (2)preoperative agreement by a multi-disciplinary team that non-surgical and conventional surgical treatment had failed and PE was required; and (3) findings on intraoperative exploration confirming this conclusion.Contraindications to this surgical procedure comprised cardiac and respiratory dysfunction, poor nutritional status,and mental state too poor to tolerate the procedure.Clinical data of 141 patients who met the above criteria, had undergone PE in the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from January 2018 to September 2022, had complete perioperative clinical data, and had given written informed consent to the procedure were collected,and the operation,relevant perioperative variables, postoperative pathological findings (curative resection), and early postoperative complications were analyzed. Results: Of the 141 included patients, 43 (30.5%) had primary malignancies, 61 (43.3%) recurrent malignancies, 28 (19.9%) complex fistulas after radical resection of malignancies,and nine (6.4%)complex fistulas caused by benign disease. There were 79 cases (56.0%) of gastrointestinal tumors, 30 cases (21.3%) of reproductive tumors, 16 cases (11.3%) of urinary tumors, and 7 cases (5.0%) of other tumors such mesenchymal tissue tumors. Among the 104 patients with primary and recurrent malignancies, 15 patients with severe complications of pelvic perineum of advanced tumors were planned to undergo palliative PE surgery for symptom relief after preoperative assessment of multidisciplinary team; the other 89 patients were evaluated for radical PE surgery. All surgeries were successfully completed. Total PE was performed on 73 patients (51.8%),anterior PE on 22 (15.6%),and posterior PE in 46 (32.6%). The median operative time was 576 (453,679) minutes, median intraoperative blood loss 500 (200, 1 200) ml, and median hospital stay 17 (13.0,30.5)days.There were no intraoperative deaths. Of the 89 patients evaluated for radical PE surgery, the radical R0 resection was achieved in 64 (71.9%) of them, R1 resection in 23 (25.8%), and R2 resection in two (2.2%). One or more postoperative complications occurred in 85 cases (60.3%), 32 (22.7%)of which were Clavien-Dindo grade III and above.One patient (0.7%)died during the perioperative period. Conclusion: PE is a valid option for treating locally advanced or recurrent pelvic malignancies and complex pelvic fistulas.
Humans ; Pelvic Exenteration/methods* ; Pelvic Neoplasms/surgery* ; Retrospective Studies ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/surgery* ; Postoperative Complications

Objective:To explore the prediction model of tissue chip technology for the chemotherapy response of patients with colorectal cancer.Methods:217 patients with colorectal cancer who had received standardized chemotherapy in the Affiliated People’s Hospital of Ningbo University from Jan. 2017 to Dec. 2019 were prospectively selected. The patients were randomly divided into training set (152 cases) and test set (65 cases) according to the ratio of 7:3, and were followed up for 6 months. The clinical data of the patients in the training set were compared, the expression levels of Ang-2, caspase-3 and CD147 in the patients were analyzed by tissue microarray technology, and the related factors affecting the responsiveness of colorectal cancer chemotherapy were analyzed by the Logistic regression model. R software was used based on the training set. A nomogram prediction model was built and model performance on the test set was evaluated.Results:One case was excluded from the training center, and 151 cases were finally included, including 93 cases in the chemotherapy response group and 58 cases in the chemotherapy response group. The tumor diameter, serum carcinoembryonic antigen, caspase3, Ang2 expression level, and the proportion of clinical stage IV in the poor chemotherapy group were significantly higher than those in the good chemotherapy group (all P<0.05) ; Logistic regression showed tumor diameter ( OR=2.394), serum carcinoembryonic antigen ( OR=1.878), caspase-3 ( OR=4.261), Ang-2 expression level ( OR=5.457), and clinical stage IV ( OR=5.954) were independent risk factors for adverse drug reactions in patients with colorectal cancer (all P<0.05). The consistency index (C-index) for predicting the factors related to adverse chemotherapy reactions in patients with colorectal cancer was 0.915. External verification showed that the sensitivity was 86.96%, the specificity was 92.50%, and the accuracy was 90.48% (42/65) . Conclusion:The expression levels of Ang-2 and caspase-3 are correlated with the responsiveness of colorectal cancer to chemotherapy, and can be used as predictive indicators to evaluate the responsiveness of colorectal cancer to chemotherapy.

This study aims to investigate the effect and mechanism of hydnocarpin(HC) in treating triple negative breast cancer(TNBC). Cell counting kit-8(CCK-8), xCELLigence real-time cellular analysis(RTCA), and colony formation assay were employed to determine the effects of HC on the proliferation of two TNBC cell lines: MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-436. The effects of HC on the migration and invasion of TNBC cells were detected by high-content analysis, wound-healing assay, and Transwell assay. The changes in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT) and the expression of invasion-and migration-associated proteins [E-cadherin, vimentin, Snail, matrix metalloproteinase-2(MMP-2), and MMP-9] were detected by Western blot. Western blot and RT-qPCR were employed to determine the protein and mRNA levels of Yes-associated protein(YAP) and downstream targets(CTGF and Cyr61). TNBC cells were transfected with Flag-YAP for the overexpression of YAP, and the role of YAP as a key target for HC to inhibit TNBC malignant progression was examined by CCK-8 assay, Transwell assay, and wound-healing assay. The pathway of HC-induced YAP degradation was detected by the co-treatment of proteasome inhibitor with HC and ubiquitination assay. The binding of HC to YAP and the E3 ubiquitin ligase Ccr4-not transcription complex subunit 4(CNOT4) was detected by microscale thermophoresis(MST) assay and drug affinity responsive target stability(DARTS) assay. The results showed that HC significantly inhibited the proliferation, colony formation, invasion, and EMT of TNBC cells. HC down-regulated the protein and mRNA levels of CTGF and Cyr61. HC down-regulated the total protein level of YAP, while it had no effect on the mRNA level of YAP. The overexpression of YAP antagonized the inhibitory effects of HC on the proliferation, migration, and invasion of TNBC cells. HC promoted the degradation of YAP through the proteasome pathway and up-regulated the ubiquitination level of YAP. The results of MST and DARTS demonstrated direct binding between HC, YAP, and CNOT4. The above results indicated that HC inhibited the malignant progression of TNBC via CNOT4-mediated degradation and ubiquitination of YAP.
Humans ; Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/metabolism* ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 2/metabolism* ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; Cell Movement ; Ubiquitination ; RNA, Messenger/metabolism* ; Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition ; Transcription Factors/metabolism*

Atrial Appendage/surgery* ; Atrial Fibrillation/surgery* ; Cardiac Catheterization ; Humans ; Septal Occluder Device ; Treatment Outcome

Objective: To study the quantity, structure and allocation equity of stomatologists, in order to provide bases and advices for improving the allocation of stomatologists in China. Methods: On the basis of data from China Health Statistics Yearbooks and Brief Book of Administrative Divisions of the People's Republic of China, the general situation of stomatologists was analyzed by descriptive analysis. Gini coefficient was used to evaluate the allocation equity in 2010 and 2020. Results: The total number of stomatologists reached 2 780 hundred in 2020, which increased by 150.5% compared with that in 2010. The overall quality structure of stomatologists had improved. The gender proportion was balanced and the age distribution was reasonable. The team was mainly composed by the young people, in which the numbers under 44 years old accounted for 71.6% (1 991 hundred/2 780 hundred). The proportion of personnel with senior professional titles decreased to 7.9% (220 hundred/2 780 hundred) while the total number increased to 220 thousand. The distribution of stomatologists by population was fair. Gini coefficients of the whole country as well as the eastern, central and western regions were less than 0.3. Conclusions: The quantity, quality and allocation equity of stomatologists were still insufficient in China. It is necessary to optimize the human resources allocation for stomatologists. It is suggested to increase the talents supply through supply-side reform, medicine-education collaboration and multi-agent participation. And it is suggested to optimize criterions to improve the quality of stomatologists.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Humans ; China ; Resource Allocation ; Oral Medicine ; Dentists/supply & distribution*

Professor GAO Wei-bin's clinical experience of electric eye acupuncture and stagnant-moving needling for ophthalmopathy was introduced. The indications of electric eye acupuncture and stagnant-moving needling include external ophtalmoplegia and visual impairment. Professor GAO has proposed new acupoints at the ocular muscles attachment of eyeball, and put forward five experience points: Shangming point, Neiming point, Xiaming point, Waiming point and Tijian point. The points are selected according to different pathological changes of ocular muscles. In the treatment of ophthalmopathy, the tendons and vessels are often regulated at the same time. Neiming point, Shangming point, Xiaming point and Qiuhou point are the main points, with Fengchi (GB 20) and Gongxue (Extra) as the matching points. In addition, attention is paid to the application of stagnant-moving needling and electroacupuncture (continuous dense wave, frequency of 50 Hz).
Acupuncture ; Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Electroacupuncture ; Eye Diseases ; Humans