Objective This study aimed to understand the epidemic status and phylogenetic relationships of rotavirus group A(RVA)in the Pearl River Delta region of Guangdong Province,China. Methods This study included individuals aged 28 days-85 years.A total of 706 stool samples from patients with acute gastroenteritis collected between January 2019 and January 2020 were analyzed for 17 causative pathogens,including RVA,using a Gastrointestinal Pathogen Panel,followed by genotyping,virus isolation,and complete sequencing to assess the genetic diversity of RVA. Results The overall RVA infection rate was 14.59%(103/706),with an irregular epidemiological pattern.The proportion of co-infection with RVA and other pathogens was 39.81%(41/103).Acute gastroenteritis is highly prevalent in young children aged 0-1 year,and RVA is the key pathogen circulating in patients 6-10 months of age with diarrhea.G9P[8](58.25%,60/103)was found to be the predominant genotype in the RVA strains,and the 41 RVA-positive strains that were successfully sequenced belonged to three different RVA genotypes in the phylogenetic analysis.Recombination analysis showed that gene reassortment events,selection pressure,codon usage bias,gene polymorphism,and post-translational modifications(PTMs)occurred in the G9P[8]and G3P[8]strains. Conclusion This study provides molecular evidence of RVA prevalence in the Pearl River Delta region of China,further enriching the existing information on its genetics and evolutionary characteristics and suggesting the emergence of genetic diversity.Strengthening the surveillance of genotypic changes and gene reassortment in RVA strains is essential for further research and a better understanding of strain variations for further vaccine development.

CD200 and its receptor CD200R constitute an endogenous inhibitory signal. The binding of CD200 and CD200R can regulate the immune response to pathogenic stimuli, which has received much attention in recent years. It has been found that CD200-CD200R is involved in the regulation of many kinds of pathological inflammation, including autoimmune diseases, cardiac cerebrovascular disease, infection and tumor. This paper reviews the protein structure, distribution, expression, biological function of CD200-CD200R and the correlation with diseases, and analyses the current status and development ideas of CD200-CD200R as drug targets. It aims to provide theoretical support for new drug research and development based on this target.

Objective To develop a portable field infusion kit for first aid to meet the treatment requirements in field conditions.Methods The infusion kit had its frame made of third-generation carbon fiber material and was composed of a lid and a body.The lid was equipped with embedded handles on the outer surface,a medicine module consisting of 12 mesh bags on the inner surface and LED lights on the inner and outer front side walls.The kit body had three storage layers in its upper,middle and lower parts,of which the upper layer was for supplies of infusion and hemostatic dressing,the middle layer was for medical instruments and soft bags of liquid for first aid,and the lower layer was for medical waste and sharp instruments,and the bottom of the kit was provided with telescopic drawbars and invisible rollers.Results The first-aid infusion kit facilitated the storage and utilization of kinds of infusion supplies,and lowered time consumption and workloads for transport.Conclusion The first-aid infusion kit gains advantages in reasonable layout,comprehensive functions and convenient operation,and thus is worhty promoting for casualty treatment in field conditions.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2024,45(7):115-117]

Objective To explore the risk factors for renal injury in tumors patients treated with programmed death receptor-1(PD-1)inhibitor,and further construct a column chart model to predict the likelihood of renal injury in patients.Methods The present study is a single center retrospective analysis.447 patients with tumors treated with PD-1 inhibitors in the Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University between January 2018 and January 2021 were included and followed up until January 2022.Kidney injury was defined as acute kidney disease(AKD).All patients were divided into AKD group(n=71)and non-AKD group(n=376 according to whether PD-1 inhibitor associated with AKD development at the end of follow-up.Basic information,disease and medication situation,laboratory indicators,and the incidence of extrarenal immune related adverse events(irAEs)during follow-up period were compared between the two groups.Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to identify independent risk factors for PD-1 inhibitor associated AKD.The present study randomly divided all samples(n=447)into training set(n=313)and validation set(n=134)in a 7:3 ratio,built nomogram prediction models in the training set according to the screened independent risk factors,drawn the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves to evaluate the discrimination of the models,drawn calibration curves to evaluate the calibration of the models,and drawn clinical decision curve analysis(DCA)to explore the clinical validity and benefit rate of the models.Results The combination of antibiotics,diabetes,hypertension,extrarenal irAEs and cystatin C(Cys C)in AKD group were significantly higher than those in non-AKD group(P<0.05),but hemoglobin(Hb)was significantly lower than that in non-AKD group(P<0.05).Single factor logistic regression analysis showed that combination of antibiotics,diabetes,hypertension,extrarenal irAEs,lower Hb,estimated glomerular filtration rate(eGFR),higher blood urea nitrogen(BUN),serum creatinine(SCr),Cys C,fasting blood glucose(FBG),and alanine transaminase(ALT)were risk factors for PD-1 inhibitor related AKD(P<0.05).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that concomitant extrarenal irAEs,lower Hb,higher SCr,and direct bilirubin(DBIL)were independent risk factors for PD-1 inhibitor associated AKD(P<0.05).Based on the independent risk factors mentioned above,a column chart prediction model was further established and validated.The results showed that the area under the ROC curve(AUC)of the training and validation sets of the model were 0.703(95%CI 0.628-0.777)and 0.791(95%CI 0.671-0.911),respectively,indicating good discrimination.The calibration curves of both the training and validation sets hover around the ideal line of 45°,indicating that the model has good calibration.DCA shows that the constructed model curve is far away from the two polar lines(the curve with a net benefit of 0 and the curve with all samples being positive),indicating that the model has good clinical benefits.Conclusion The combination of extrarenal irAEs,lower Hb,higher SCr,and higher DBIL are independent risk factors for the occurrence of PD-1 inhibitor related AKD;The established column chart model has good discrimination and calibration,which can provide guidance for clinical practice.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the risk factors for neonatal asphyxia in Hubei Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture and establish a nomogram model for predicting the risk of neonatal asphyxia. METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted with 613 cases of neonatal asphyxia treated in 20 cooperative hospitals in Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture from January to December 2019 as the asphyxia group, and 988 randomly selected non-asphyxia neonates born and admitted to the neonatology department of these hospitals during the same period as the control group. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to identify risk factors for neonatal asphyxia. R software (4.2.2) was used to establish a nomogram model. Receiver operator characteristic curve, calibration curve, and decision curve analysis were used to assess the discrimination, calibration, and clinical usefulness of the model for predicting the risk of neonatal asphyxia, respectively. RESULTS: Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that minority (Tujia), male sex, premature birth, congenital malformations, abnormal fetal position, intrauterine distress, maternal occupation as a farmer, education level below high school, fewer than 9 prenatal check-ups, threatened abortion, abnormal umbilical cord, abnormal amniotic fluid, placenta previa, abruptio placentae, emergency caesarean section, and assisted delivery were independent risk factors for neonatal asphyxia (P<0.05). The area under the curve of the model for predicting the risk of neonatal asphyxia based on these risk factors was 0.748 (95%CI: 0.723-0.772). The calibration curve indicated high accuracy of the model for predicting the risk of neonatal asphyxia. The decision curve analysis showed that the model could provide a higher net benefit for neonates at risk of asphyxia. CONCLUSIONS The risk factors for neonatal asphyxia in Hubei Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture are multifactorial, and the nomogram model based on these factors has good value in predicting the risk of neonatal asphyxia, which can help clinicians identify neonates at high risk of asphyxia early, and reduce the incidence of neonatal asphyxia.
Infant, Newborn ; Humans ; Male ; Pregnancy ; Female ; Nomograms ; Retrospective Studies ; Cesarean Section ; Risk Factors ; Asphyxia Neonatorum/etiology*

Objective: To assess the prevalence, risk factors and treatment of anemia in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Methods: A descriptive method was used to analyze the prevalence and treatment of anemia in CKD patients based on regional health data in Yinzhou District of Ningbo during 2012-2018. The multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify independent influence factors of anemia in the CKD patients. Results: In 52 619 CKD patients, 15 639 suffered from by anemia (29.72%), in whom 5 461 were men (26.41%) and 10 178 were women (31.87%), and anemia prevalence was higher in women than in men, the difference was significant (P<0.001). The prevalence of anemia increased with stage of CKD (24.77% in stage 1 vs. 69.42% in stage 5, trend χ² test P<0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that being women (aOR=1.57, 95%CI: 1.50-1.63), CKD stage (stage 2: aOR=1.10, 95%CI: 1.04-1.16;stage 3: aOR=2.28,95%CI: 2.12-2.44;stage 4: aOR=4.49,95%CI :3.79-5.32;stage 5: aOR=6.31,95%CI: 4.74-8.39), age (18-30 years old: aOR=2.40,95%CI: 2.24-2.57, 61-75 years old: aOR=1.35,95%CI:1.28-1.42, ≥76 years old: aOR=2.37,95%CI:2.20-2.55), BMI (<18.5 kg/m²:aOR=1.29,95%CI: 1.18-1.41;23.0-24.9 kg/m²:aOR=0.79,95%CI: 0.75-0.83;≥25.0 kg/m²:aOR=0.70,95%CI: 0.66-0.74), abdominal obesity (aOR=0.91, 95%CI: 0.86-0.96), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (aOR=1.15, 95%CI: 1.09-1.22), cancer (aOR=3.03, 95%CI: 2.84-3.23), heart failure (aOR=1.44, 95%CI: 1.35-1.54) and myocardial infarction (aOR=1.54, 95%CI:1.16-2.04) were independent risk factors of anemia in CKD patients. Among stage 3-5 CKD patients with anemia, 12.03% received iron therapy, and 4.78% received treatment with erythropoiesis-stimulating agent (ESA) within 12 months after anemia was diagnosed. Conclusions: The prevalence of anemia in CKD patients was high in Yinzhou. However, the treatment rate of iron therapy and ESA were low. More attention should be paid to the anemia management and treatment in CKD patients.

BACKGROUND: Reports on the prevalence of psoriatic arthritis (PsA) among Chinese patients with psoriasis are very limited. This study, conducted by rheumatologists, estimated the prevalence of PsA in a large number of Chinese patients with psoriasis. METHODS: Consecutive patients with a confirmed diagnosis of psoriasis attending nine dermatology clinics in five hospitals were recruited. All psoriasis patients were asked to complete a questionnaire comprising 16 questions to identify possible cases of PsA. All patients with one or more positive answers to the questionnaire were evaluated by two experienced rheumatologists. RESULTS: A total of 2434 psoriasis patients, including 1561 males and 873 females, were enrolled. Both the questionnaire and rheumatologists' examinations were completed in the dermatology clinics. The results identified 252 patients with PsA, comprising 168 males and 84 females. The overall prevalence of PsA among psoriasis patients was 10.4% (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 9.1%-11.7%). By sex, the prevalence was 10.8% (95% CI, 9.2%-12.5%) for males and 9.6% (95% CI, 7.7%-11.9%) for females and there was no significant sex difference in the prevalence of PsA (P = 0.38). Of the 252 PsA patients, 125 (49.6%, 95% CI, 41.3%-59.1%) were newly diagnosed by rheumatologists. Consequently, the prevalence of undiagnosed PsA among psoriasis patients was 5.2% (95% CI, 4.4%-6.2%). CONCLUSION The prevalence of PsA in the Chinese population with psoriasis is about 10.4%, which is almost double that of previous reports in the Chinese population, but lower than that in Caucasians.
Humans ; Female ; Male ; Arthritis, Psoriatic/epidemiology* ; Rheumatologists ; Prevalence ; East Asian People ; Psoriasis/epidemiology*

Objective: Glycogen storage disease type IX (GSD-IX) is a rare primary glucose metabolism abnormality caused by phosphorylase kinase deficiency and a series of pathogenic gene mutations. The clinical characteristics, gene analysis, and functional verification of a mutation in a child with hepatomegaly are summarized here to clarify the pathogenic cause of the disease. Methods: The clinical data of a child with GSD-IX was collected. Peripheral blood from the child and his parents was collected for genomic DNA extraction. The patient's gene diagnosis was performed by second-generation sequencing. The suspected mutations were verified by Sanger sequencing and bioinformatics analysis. The suspected splicing mutations were verified in vivo by RT-PCR and first-generation sequencing. Results: Hepatomegaly, transaminitis, and hypertriglyceridemia were present in children. Liver biopsy pathological examination results indicated glycogen storage disease. Gene sequencing revealed that the child had a c.285 + 2_285 + 5delTAGG hemizygous mutation in the PHKA2 gene. Sanger sequencing verification showed that the mother of the child was heterozygous and the father of the child was of the wild type. Software such as HSF3.1 and ESEfinder predicted that the gene mutation affected splicing. RT-PCR of peripheral blood from children and his mother confirmed that the mutation had caused the skipping of exon 3 during the constitutive splicing of the PHKA2 gene. Conclusion: The hemizygous mutation in the PHKA2 gene (c.285 + 2_285 + 5delTAGG) is the pathogenic cause of the patient's disease. The detection of the novel mutation site enriches the mutation spectrum of the PHKA2 gene and serves as a basis for the family's genetic counseling.
Child ; Humans ; Exons ; Glycogen Storage Disease/genetics* ; Hepatomegaly/genetics* ; Mutation ; Phosphorylase Kinase/genetics* ; Male ; Female

Androgens and chronic inflammation, which play essential roles in the development of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), are considered to be important factors in disorders of prostate homeostasis. These two factors may lead to pathological hyperplasia in the prostate transition zone of patients with BPH. However, few studies have examined the mechanism of how dihydrotestosterone (DHT) affects chronic inflammation in prostate tissue during the progression of BPH. This study examined the performance of DHT in lipopolysaccharide-treated M1 macrophages and the subsequent effects on the proliferation of prostate stromal and epithelial cells. We found that DHT increased secretion of the pro-inflammatory factor tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α from M1 macrophages differentiated from THP-1 cells. The supernatant of M1 macrophages promoted the proliferation of WPMY-1 prostate stromal cells by upregulating B-cell lymphoma-extra large (Bcl-xL) and cellular Myc (c-Myc) levels by activating TNF-α-mediated nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. Moreover, this supernatant increased the expression of androgen receptor in WPMY-1 cells, which was TNF-α-independent. Additionally, TNF-α protein expression was significantly higher in patients with BPH and a large prostate volume than that in those with a small prostate volume. Further analysis showed that higher serum testosterone combined with prostate-specific androgen concentrations was related to TNF-α expression. This study suggests that DHT modulates the inflammatory environment of BPH by increasing TNF-α expression from lipopolysaccharide-treated M1 macrophages and promotes the proliferation of prostate stromal cells. Targeting TNF-α, but not DHT, may be a promising strategy for patients with BPH.
Androgens ; Cell Proliferation ; Dihydrotestosterone ; Homeostasis ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Lipopolysaccharides ; Macrophages ; Male ; Prostate ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; Stromal Cells ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of direct fluorescence in situ hybridization (D-FISH) detection without sorting and CD138 immunomagnetic bead sorting technology combined with FISH (MACS-FISH) on cytogenetic analysis of patients with multiple myeloma (MM). METHODS: FISH test results of 229 patients with initial MM were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into two groups, 140 patients were tested with D-FISH and 89 patients with MACS-FISH. The combination probe was designed as P53, D13S319, RB1, 1q21, and IgH. Cytogenetic detection results were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: The total detection rate of cytogenetic abnormalities in D-FISH group was 52.9%, and that in MACS-FISH group was 79.8%. There was a significant difference in the cytogenetic abnormality rate between the two groups (P=0.020). The abnormal genes with the highest detection rate in the two groups were 1q21 and IgH, respectively, while the lowest was P53. There was no significant difference in the percentage of P53 positive cells (positive rate) between the two groups, while D13S319, RB1, 1q21, and IgH showed significant difference in positive cell rate (P=0.0002, P<0.0001, P=0.0033, P=0.0032). There was no significant correlation between the proportion of plasma cells (PC) detected by bone marrow morphology and cytogenetic abnormality rate in the D-FISH group, while there was a correlation between the proportion of PC detected by flow cytometry and cytogenetic abnormality rate (r=0.364). The PC proportion detected by bone marrow morphology and flow cytometry in the MACS-FISH group had no correlation with the cytogenetic abnormality rate and positive cell rate of the 5 genes mentioned above. Additionally, the PC proportion detected by bone marrow morphology and flow cytometry showed significant difference (P<0.0001). CONCLUSION CD138 immunomagnetic bead sorting combined with FISH technology can significantly improve the abnormality detection rate of MM cytogenetics.
Chromosome Aberrations ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence/methods* ; Multiple Myeloma/genetics* ; Retrospective Studies ; Syndecan-1/immunology* ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/genetics*