Electromagnetic fields can regulate the fundamental biological processes involved in bone remodeling. As a non-invasive physical therapy, electromagnetic fields with specific parameters have demonstrated therapeutic effects on bone remodeling diseases, such as fractures and osteoporosis. Electromagnetic fields can be generated by the movement of charged particles or induced by varying currents. Based on whether the strength and direction of the electric field change over time, electromagnetic fields can be classified into static and time-varying fields. The treatment of bone remodeling diseases with static magnetic fields primarily focuses on fractures, often using magnetic splints to immobilize the fracture site while studying the effects of static magnetic fields on bone healing. However, there has been relatively little research on the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis using static magnetic fields. Pulsed electromagnetic fields, a type of time-varying field, have been widely used in clinical studies for treating fractures, osteoporosis, and non-union. However, current clinical applications are limited to low-frequency, and research on the relationship between frequency and biological effects remains insufficient. We believe that different types of electromagnetic fields acting on bone can induce various “secondary physical quantities”, such as magnetism, force, electricity, acoustics, and thermal energy, which can stimulate bone cells either individually or simultaneously. Bone cells possess specific electromagnetic properties, and in a static magnetic field, the presence of a magnetic field gradient can exert a certain magnetism on the bone tissue, leading to observable effects. In a time-varying magnetic field, the charged particles within the bone experience varying Lorentz forces, causing vibrations and generating acoustic effects. Additionally, as the frequency of the time-varying field increases, induced currents or potentials can be generated within the bone, leading to electrical effects. When the frequency and power exceed a certain threshold, electromagnetic energy can be converted into thermal energy, producing thermal effects. In summary, external electromagnetic fields with different characteristics can generate multiple physical quantities within biological tissues, such as magnetic, electric, mechanical, acoustic, and thermal effects. These physical quantities may also interact and couple with each other, stimulating the biological tissues in a combined or composite manner, thereby producing biological effects. This understanding is key to elucidating the electromagnetic mechanisms of how electromagnetic fields influence biological tissues. In the study of electromagnetic fields for bone remodeling diseases, attention should be paid to the biological effects of bone remodeling under different electromagnetic wave characteristics. This includes exploring innovative electromagnetic source technologies applicable to bone remodeling, identifying safe and effective electromagnetic field parameters, and combining basic research with technological invention to develop scientifically grounded, advanced key technologies for innovative electromagnetic treatment devices targeting bone remodeling diseases. In conclusion, electromagnetic fields and multiple physical factors have the potential to prevent and treat bone remodeling diseases, and have significant application prospects.

Background: and Purpose Symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) following endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) is a severe complication associated with adverse functional outcomes and increased mortality rates. Currently, a reliable predictive model for sICH risk after EVT is lacking. Methods: This study used data from patients aged ≥20 years who underwent EVT for anterior circulation stroke from the nationwide Taiwan Registry of Endovascular Thrombectomy for Acute Ischemic Stroke (TREAT-AIS). A predictive model including factors associated with an increased risk of sICH after EVT was developed to differentiate between patients with and without sICH. This model was compared existing predictive models using nationwide registry data to evaluate its relative performance. Results: Of the 2,507 identified patients, 158 developed sICH after EVT. Factors such as diastolic blood pressure, Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score, platelet count, glucose level, collateral score, and successful reperfusion were associated with the risk of sICH after EVT. The TREAT-AIS score demonstrated acceptable predictive accuracy (area under the curve [AUC]=0.694), with higher scores being associated with an increased risk of sICH (odds ratio=2.01 per score increase, 95% confidence interval=1.64–2.45, P<0.001). The discriminatory capacity of the score was similar in patients with symptom onset beyond 6 hours (AUC=0.705). Compared to existing models, the TREAT-AIS score consistently exhibited superior predictive accuracy, although this difference was marginal. Conclusions The TREAT-AIS score outperformed existing models, and demonstrated an acceptable discriminatory capacity for distinguishing patients according to sICH risk levels. However, the differences between models were only marginal. Further research incorporating periprocedural and postprocedural factors is required to improve the predictive accuracy.

Background: and Purpose Symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) following endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) is a severe complication associated with adverse functional outcomes and increased mortality rates. Currently, a reliable predictive model for sICH risk after EVT is lacking. Methods: This study used data from patients aged ≥20 years who underwent EVT for anterior circulation stroke from the nationwide Taiwan Registry of Endovascular Thrombectomy for Acute Ischemic Stroke (TREAT-AIS). A predictive model including factors associated with an increased risk of sICH after EVT was developed to differentiate between patients with and without sICH. This model was compared existing predictive models using nationwide registry data to evaluate its relative performance. Results: Of the 2,507 identified patients, 158 developed sICH after EVT. Factors such as diastolic blood pressure, Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score, platelet count, glucose level, collateral score, and successful reperfusion were associated with the risk of sICH after EVT. The TREAT-AIS score demonstrated acceptable predictive accuracy (area under the curve [AUC]=0.694), with higher scores being associated with an increased risk of sICH (odds ratio=2.01 per score increase, 95% confidence interval=1.64–2.45, P<0.001). The discriminatory capacity of the score was similar in patients with symptom onset beyond 6 hours (AUC=0.705). Compared to existing models, the TREAT-AIS score consistently exhibited superior predictive accuracy, although this difference was marginal. Conclusions The TREAT-AIS score outperformed existing models, and demonstrated an acceptable discriminatory capacity for distinguishing patients according to sICH risk levels. However, the differences between models were only marginal. Further research incorporating periprocedural and postprocedural factors is required to improve the predictive accuracy.

Background: and Purpose Symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) following endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) is a severe complication associated with adverse functional outcomes and increased mortality rates. Currently, a reliable predictive model for sICH risk after EVT is lacking. Methods: This study used data from patients aged ≥20 years who underwent EVT for anterior circulation stroke from the nationwide Taiwan Registry of Endovascular Thrombectomy for Acute Ischemic Stroke (TREAT-AIS). A predictive model including factors associated with an increased risk of sICH after EVT was developed to differentiate between patients with and without sICH. This model was compared existing predictive models using nationwide registry data to evaluate its relative performance. Results: Of the 2,507 identified patients, 158 developed sICH after EVT. Factors such as diastolic blood pressure, Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score, platelet count, glucose level, collateral score, and successful reperfusion were associated with the risk of sICH after EVT. The TREAT-AIS score demonstrated acceptable predictive accuracy (area under the curve [AUC]=0.694), with higher scores being associated with an increased risk of sICH (odds ratio=2.01 per score increase, 95% confidence interval=1.64–2.45, P<0.001). The discriminatory capacity of the score was similar in patients with symptom onset beyond 6 hours (AUC=0.705). Compared to existing models, the TREAT-AIS score consistently exhibited superior predictive accuracy, although this difference was marginal. Conclusions The TREAT-AIS score outperformed existing models, and demonstrated an acceptable discriminatory capacity for distinguishing patients according to sICH risk levels. However, the differences between models were only marginal. Further research incorporating periprocedural and postprocedural factors is required to improve the predictive accuracy.

Twelve compounds were isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction of the 80% aqueous ethanol extract of the roots and stems of Dalbergia rimosa Roxb. by silica gel, MCI, Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography, and semi-preparative HPLC. Their structures were identified by spectral analysis such as UV, IR, MS, 1D/2D NMR and by comparison with literature information as dalbergiquinol A (1), dalbergiquinol B (2), R-(-)-3′-hydroxy-2,4,5-trimethoxydalbergiquinol (3), neokhriol A (4), mucronulatol (5), (3R)-7,2′,3′-trihydroxy-4′-methoxy-isoflavane (6), isomucronulatol (7), (3S)-violanone (8), 3′-O-methylviolanone (9), eryvarin M (10), (±)-α,3,4,2′,4′-pentahydroxydihydrochalcone (11) and (-)-butin (12). Compound 1 and 2 are new compounds, and compounds 3-12 were isolated from this plant for the first time. Compounds 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 11, 12 showed good scavenging effect on DPPH free radical.

Objective To summarize the epidemiological and clinical features of infectious diseases of the central nervous system(CNS)by a single-center analysis.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the data of 1247 cases of CNS infectious diseases diagnosed and treated in the First Medical Center of PLA General Hospital from 2001 to 2020.Results The data for this group of CNS infectious diseases by disease type in descending order of number of cases were viruses 743(59.6％),Mycobacterium tuberculosis 249(20.0％),other bacteria 150(12.0％),fungi 68(5.5％),parasites 18(1.4％),Treponema pallidum 18(1.4％)and rickettsia 1(0.1％).The number of cases increased by 177 cases(33.1％)in the latter 10 years compared to the previous 10 years(P<0.05).No significant difference in seasonal distribution pattern of data between disease types(P>0.05).Male to female ratio is 1.87︰1,mostly under 60 years of age.Viruses are more likely to infect students,most often at university/college level and above,farmers are overrepresented among bacteria and Mycobacterium tuberculosis,and more infections of Treponema pallidum in workers.CNS infectious diseases are characterized by fever,headache and signs of meningeal irritation,with the adductor nerve being the more commonly involved cranial nerve.Matagenomic next-generation sequencing improves clinical diagnostic capabilities.The median hospital days for CNS infectious diseases are 18.00(11.00,27.00)and median hospital costs are ￥29,500(￥16,000,￥59,200).The mortality rate from CNS infectious diseases is 1.6％.Conclusions The incidence of CNS infectious diseases is increasing last ten years,with complex clinical presentation,severe symptoms and poor prognosis.Early and accurate diagnosis and standardized clinical treatment can significantly reduce the morbidity and mortality rate and ease the burden of disease.

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a diabetic ocular complication that can lead to poor vision and blindness. This experiment aimed to investigate the ameliorative effect and its mechanism of Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) eye drops on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) in rats. All experiments were approved by the Animal Research Committee of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Animal welfare and the animal experimental protocols were strictly consistent with related ethics regulations of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (No. PZSHUTCM 211115004). Diabetes mellitus was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of STZ into rats. Two months later, PNS solution was dropped binocular twice per day at 6 h intervals at dose of 20, 40, and 80 mg·kg^-1 continuously for 1 month. The morphological structure and activation of microglia of the retina were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining and immunohistochemical assay. The disruption of the blood-retina barrier (BRB) was conducted by the Evans blue dye leakage assay. The number of acellular capillaries in the retina was assessed by digesting and hematoxylin-eosin staining assay. The number of retinal leukocyte adhesion was observed by fluorescein isothiocyanate-coupled concanavalin A lectin labeling assay. The serum expression of inflammatory factors was measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Western blot experiments were used to detect the expression of relevant proteins in retinal tissue and transcriptional activation of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB). The results revealed that PNS eye drops significantly increased the thickness of the retina, decreased the number of acellular capillaries, and up-regulated the expression of the tight junction proteins claudin-1 and occludin, thereby alleviating BRB damage. In addition, PNS eye drops were also able to significantly reduce leukocyte adhesion and microglia activation, the expression of inflammatory factors in serum, and the nuclear translocation of retinal p65 proteins, effectively inhibiting the occurrence of retinal inflammation. The above results showed that PNS eye drops played a role in improving NPDR by inhibiting the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway and reducing inflammation.

Studies on chemical constituents in the rhizome of Dalbergia rimosa Roxb. The chemical constituents from the ethyl acetate part of D. rimosa were isolated and purified by silica gel, MCI gel, Sephadex LH-20 gel and semi-preparative HPLC, and the stuctures were identified by spectral method. Thirteen compounds were isolated from the ethyl acetate part of the rhizome of D. rimosa and identified as dalbergiaisoflavones A, B (1, 2), formononetin (3), 7,4′-dimethoxyisoflavone (4), 4′,6,7-trimethoxyisoflavone (5), biochanin A (6), prunetin (7), 7-O-methyltectorigenin (8), 3′-hydroxydaidzein (9), orobol 7,3′-dimethyl ether (10), 2′,7-dihydroxy-4′,5′- dimethoxyisoflavone (11), pruinosanone E (12), caviunin (13). Compounds 1 and 2 are new compounds, and compounds 3-13 were isolated from this plant for the first time. Compounds 9 and 11 had remarkable scavenging effect on DPPH free radicals.

Objective To explore the factors influencing the prognosis of patients with Resectable gastric adenocarcinoma with vascular cancer thrombus(RGAVCT)and to develop a relevant columnar graphic prognostic model.Methods Clinicopathologic data of 530 patients with gastric adenocarcinoma combined with vascular cancer embolization who underwent radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer at the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Shanxi Medical University were retrospectively collected from January 2017 to January 2022,and were randomly assigned to the training cohort and the validation cohort in a 7∶3 ratio.Kaplan-Meier curves and Log-rank test and multifactorial Cox regression were used to analyze the risk factors for death in the training cohort patients,and to construct Nomogram Model for the probability of survival at 1,2,and 4 years in RGAVCT patients.ROC curves were used to analyze the efficacy of the Nomogram model in the training cohort and validation cohort patients.Results Age,postoperative chemotherapy,tumor size,Ki67 expression status,T-stage,N-stage,and clinical stage of patients in the training cohort were the influencing factors on survival(OS)of patients with RGAVCT(P＜0.05);postoperative chemotherapy(P＜0.001,HR=0.302,95％CI:0.219-0.418),T-stage[T3(P=0.015,HR=11.782,95％CI:1.628-85.283),T4a+4b(P=0.005,HR=17.219,95％CI:2.343-126.559)],N staging[N2(P=0.309,HR=1.310,95％CI:0.779-2.201)N3a(P=0.001,HR=2.268,95％CI:1.407-3.657),N3b(P＜0.001,HR=2.836,95％CI:1.708-4.709)]were independent influences on OS in patients with RGAVCT.Cox regression results were used to develop nomogram models for predicting the probability of patients'survival at 1,2,and 4 years after surgery.The AUROC area and C index were＞0.7 for the training cohort and＞0.67 for the validation cohort.Conclusion In this study,we developed a nomogram model of 1-,2-,and 4-year postoperative survival probabilities of RGAVCT patients,which can better predict the postoperative survival of RGAVCT patients.

Objective To investigate the relationship between uric acid metabolism and brain injury following cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB)in rats.Methods Healthy male SD rats were randomly assigned to either a Sham group or a CPB group,each comprising 12 rats.The Sham group only underwent vascular puncture and did not perform CPB conversion,while the CPB group was subjected to a CPB procedure with a perfusion duration of 110 min,and the brain tissue was collected post-procedure.Microdialysate was collected 1 h before and after CPB initiation.Apoptosis in the paraventricular nucleus(PVN)was assessed using TUNEL staining,and the expression of Bax mRNA in cerebral cortex and hypothalamus was determined via real-time quantitative PCR.Apoptosis-related protein expression was analyzed by Western blotting.Differentially expressed genes(DEGs)were identified through RNA-sequencing between brain tissues of two groups,and Gene Ontology(GO)analysis was performed to identify enriched pathways among the DEGs.Protein-protein interaction(PPI)networks were constructed using String and Cytoscape softwares to identify key genes.Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry(LC-MS/MS)was employed to analyze differential metabolites in the PVN before and after CPB,with Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)enrichment analysis constructed subsequently.Uric acid levels in the hypothalamus was measured using a uric acid assay kit,and the expression of key enzymes of uric acid metabolism[xanthine reductase(XDH),adenosine deaminase(ADA)]and uric acid transporter[organic anion transporter family protein 1(OAT1),organic anion transporter family protein 3(OAT3),ATP-binding cassette transporter subfamily G member 2(ABCG2),glucose transporter 9(GLUT9)]genes in the hypothalamus was evaluated by real-time quantitative PCR.Results Real-time quantitative PCR revealed a significant upregulation of Bax mRNA in the cerebral cortex and hypothalamus of CPB group compared to Sham group(P<0.05).TUNEL staining indicated a significantly higher apoptosis rate of cells in PVN region in CPB group than that in Sham group(19.0%±5.0%vs.7.6%±0.8%,P=0.01).Western blotting showed a significantly increased Bcl-2/Bax ratio in the hypothalamus of CPB group compared to Sham group(P<0.05).A total of 2829 DEGs were identified between Sham group and CPB group,with 1374 upregulated genes and 1455 downregulated genes.Uric acid metabolism-related pathways were predominantly enriched in purine nucleoside metabolism and biosynthesis,purine nucleoside monophosphate metabolism,purine nucleoside triphosphate metabolism,purine ribonucleotide metabolism and biosynthesis,purine ribonucleoside monophosphate metabolism and biosynthesis,purine ribonucleoside triphosphate metabolism and biosynthesis,and reaction to purine compounds.Eighteen differential metabolites were identified in the microdialysate,with 13 upregulated and 5 downregulated metabolites.KEGG enrichment analysis identified 7 significantly enriched metabolic pathways,among which the nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism pathways were closely related to uric acid metabolism.Both RNA-sequencing and LC-MS/MS analysis suggested alterations in uric acid metabolism in CPB groups.Post-CPB,uric acid concentration in the hypothalamic tissue significantly increased(P<0.01),and the expression of XDH and ADA mRNA in the hypothalamus were significantly increased(P<0.05),while the expression of ABCG2,OAT1,OAT3 and GLUT9 mRNA significantly decreased(P<0.001).Conclusion Uric acid metabolism in brain is altered during CPB,which may be an important mechanism for brain injury following CPB.