Immobilized enzyme-based enzyme electrode biosensors, characterized by high sensitivity and efficiency, strong specificity, and compact size, demonstrate broad application prospects in life science research, disease diagnosis and monitoring, etc. Immobilization of enzyme is a critical step in determining the performance (stability, sensitivity, and reproducibility) of the biosensors. Random immobilization (physical adsorption, covalent cross-linking, etc.) can easily bring about problems, such as decreased enzyme activity and relatively unstable immobilization. Whereas, directional immobilization utilizing amino acid residue mutation, affinity peptide fusion, or nucleotide-specific binding to restrict the orientation of the enzymes provides new possibilities to solve the problems caused by random immobilization. In this paper, the principles, advantages and disadvantages and the application progress of enzyme electrode biosensors of different directional immobilization strategies for enzyme molecular sensing elements by specific amino acids (lysine, histidine, cysteine, unnatural amino acid) with functional groups introduced based on site-specific mutation, affinity peptides (gold binding peptides, carbon binding peptides, carbohydrate binding domains) fused through genetic engineering, and specific binding between nucleotides and target enzymes (proteins) were reviewed, and the application fields, advantages and limitations of various immobilized enzyme interface characterization techniques were discussed, hoping to provide theoretical and technical guidance for the creation of high-performance enzyme sensing elements and the manufacture of enzyme electrode sensors.

Thirty-one phenolic constituents were isolated and purified from the 95% ethanol extract of Sanguisorbae Radix by using various chromatographic techniques, including macroporous resin, silica gel, ODS, Sephadex LH-20 and semi-preparative HPLC. Their structures were elucidated by physicochemical properties, spectroscopic data (MS and NMR) and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra, and identified as 3-methoxyl-2S,3S-epoxyflavanone (1a), 3-methoxyl-2R,3R-epoxyflavanone (1b), longifoin B (2), longifoin C (3), eriodictyol (4), naringenin (5), liquiritigenin (6), 5,3ʹ-dihydroxy-7,4ʹ-dimethoxyflavanone (7), naringenin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (8), dihydroquercetin (9), dihydrokaempferol (10), (-)-garbanzol (11), (2R,3R)-4-methoxyl-distylin (12), kaempferol (13), quercetin (14), α,4,2′,4′-tetrahydroxydihydrochalcone (15), phloretin (16), (+)-catechin (17), ethyl (+)-cyanidan-3-ol-8-carboxylate (18), phyllocoumarin (19), methyl 3-methoxy-4,5-dihydroxybenzoate (20), 4,5-dimethoxy-3-hydroxybenzoic acid methyl ester (21), 3,4′-di-O-methylellagic acid (22), 3,4,3′-O-trimethylellagic acid (23), 3,3ʹ,4ʹ-O-trimethylellagic acid-4-O-β-D-xyloside (24), (3R)-thunberginol C (25), resveratrol (26), 1-hydroxypinoresinol (27), (7S,8S)-3-methoxy-3′,7-epoxy-8,4′-oxyneoligna-4,9,9′-triol (28), emodin-8-O-β-D-glucoside (29), phloracetophenone (30) and 4-(4′-hydroxyphenyl)-butan-2-one (31). Among them, compound 1a and 1b is a pair of new flavonoid enantiomers, compounds 2 and 3 are a pair of new epimers, while compounds 4, 5, 6, 9, 10, 13, 16 and 26 were obtained from S. officinalis for the first time, compounds 7, 8, 27, 30 and 31 were isolated for the first time from the S. officinalis genus, and compounds 11, 12, 15, 18, 19, 25, 28 and 29 were isolated for the first time from the Rosaceae. The antioxidant activities of compounds 1-24 were evaluated by activating the Nrf2 transcriptional pathway, which were measured by the dual-luciferase reporter gene assay in 293T cells. Compounds 4, 6-10, 12, 14, 17, 19, 20 and 22-24 showed significant Nrf2 agonistic effect compared with the control group at 25 μmol·L^-1, which provided reference for the research of their antioxidant activity.

Objective To explore clinical effect of different intervertebral fusion devices(cage)in treating postoperative recurrent lumbar disc herniation(LDH).Methods One hundred and forty-two LDH patients with recurrence after simple in-tervertebral disc nucleus pulpoideectomy from January 2019 to January 2021 were retrospectively analyzed.All patients were treated with combined underchannel fixation and interbody fusion and divided into a single anatomical group,two-anatomical group and a single banana group according to types and numbers of implanted cage.There were 51 patients in a single anatom-ical group,included 29 males and 22 females,aged from 39 to 65 years old with an average of(53.74±5.68)years old;body mass index(BMI)ranged from 18.62 to 28.13 kg·m-2 with an average of(22.08±2.15)kg·m-2;the interval between operation and recurrence ranged from 0.5 to 4.0 years with an average of(2.7±0.8)years;5 patients with L3,4,35 patients with L4,5 and 11 patients with L5S1;a single anatomical cage was implanted.There were 46 patients in two-anatomical group,included 25 males and 21 females,aged from 37 to 66 years old with an average of(54.52±6.02)years old;BMI ranged from 18.25 to 28.44 kg· m-2 with an average of(21.74±1.83)kg·m-2;the interval between operation and recurrence ranged from 0.5 to 5.0 years with an average of(2.7±0.9)years;4 patients with L3,4,32 patients with L4,5 and 10 patients with L5S1;two-anatomical cages were im-planted.There were 45 patients in a single banana group,included 22 males and 23 females,aged from 38 to 65 years old with an average of(54.49±6.45)years old;BMI ranged from 18.85 to 28.20 kg·m-2with an average of(21.63±1.59)kg·m-2;the interval between operation and recurrence ranged from 0.5 to 5.0 years with an average of(2.6±1.0)years;3 patients with L3,4,36 patients with L4,5 and 16 patients with L5S1;a single banana cage was implanted.Operation time,intraoperative blood loss,incision length,postoperative incision drainage volume,hospital stay and complications among 3 groups were observed and compared.The height of intervertebral space before and after operation,curvature of lordosis and the postoperative interverte-bral fusion were compared.Visual analogue scale(VAS)and Oswestry disability index(ODI)were used to evaluate degree of lumbar pain and lumbar function before operation,1 and 6 months after operation,respectively.Results All patients among 3 groups were followed up at least 6 months,and no cases were fell out.There were no significant difference in operation time,in-traoperative blood loss,incision length,postoperative incision drainage volume and hospital stay among 3 groups(P＞0.05).At 6 months after operation,the height of intervertebral space in two-anatomical group and a single group were[(11.08±1.78)mm,(10.95±1.62)mm],curvature of lordosis were[(12.05±1.86)°,(11.63±1.57)°],which were higher than those in a sin-gle dissection group(10.14±1.54)mm,(10.92±1.45)°,and the difference were statistically significant(P＜0.05).The inter-body fusion rate between two-anatomical and a banana group(95.65％,95.56％)were higher than that in a single anatomical group(78.43％)at 6 months after operation(P＜0.05).VAS and ODI of lumbar among 3 groups were decreased at 1 and 6 months after operation(P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in complications among 3 groups(P＞0.05).Conclusion The three fusion devices could achieve significant results in treating postoperative recurrence of LDH,but the implantation of two-anatomical cage and a single banana cage are more helpful to maintain the height of intervertebral space and lordosis cur-vature of patients with postoperative recurrence of LDH,and obtain good intervertebral fusion results.

Osteoporosis is an important cause of internal fixation loosening after spinal surgery.Cement-augmented pedicle screw instru-mentation(CAPSI)technique is the most widely used technique in clinical practice to improve the stability of pedicle screw,mainly applied in osteoporosis and revision surgery,which included conventional solid pedicles crews and fenestrated/cannulated pedicle screws technique.CAPSI technique may cause cement leakage and pulmonary embolism,and there is no consensus on its indications or technical points.Therefore,this article reviews the research progress of CAPSI,in order to provide relevant reference for clinical practice.

Pediatric acute hyperextension spinal cord injury (SCI) named as PAHSCI by us, is a special type of thoracolumbar SCI without radiographic abnormality and highly related to back-bend in dance training, which has been increasingly reported. At present, it has become the leading cause of SCI in children, and brings a heavy social and economic burden. Both domestic and foreign academic institutions and dance education organizations lack a correct understanding of PAHSCI and relevant standards, specifications or guidelines. In order to provide standardized guidance, the expert team formulated this guideline based on the principles of science and practicability, starting from the diagnosis, differential diagnosis, etiology, admission evaluation, treatment, complications and prevention. This guideline puts forward 23 recommendations for 14 related issues.
Child ; Humans ; Spinal Cord Injuries/complications* ; Spinal Cord

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the gene polymorphisms of patients with lymphoma-associated hemophagocytic syndrome in Longyan area, Fujian province. METHODS: A total of 125 patients with lymphoma-associated hemophagocytic syndrome in Longyan, Fujian province, admitted to Longyan First Hospital from May 2017 to November 2020 were selected. Peripheral venous blood was collected from all the patients, and the genotypes of perforin 1 (PRF1) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) gene loci were detected by PCR-fluorescence probe method, and the correlation between PRF1 and IL-10 gene polymorphisms and lymphoma-associated hemophagocytic syndrome was analyzed. RESULTS: The mutation frequencies of PRF1 gene loci rs885821 (C>T), rs885822 (C>T), rs1889490 (G>A) in patients with lymphoma-associated hemophagocytic syndrome were 10.40%, 78.8% and 64.4%, respectively. The mutation frequencies of rs1800872 (A>C), rs1800871 (C>T) and rs1800896 (G>A) of IL-10 loci were 56.0%, 45.2% and 77.6%, respectively. CONCLUSION PRF1 and IL-10 gene loci were polymorphic in patients with lymphoma-associated hemophagocytic syndrome in Longyan area, Fujian province. Alleles C and G of PRF1 and IL-10 were risk factors, and alleles T and A were protective factors.
Humans ; Genotype ; Interleukin-10/genetics* ; Lymphohistiocytosis, Hemophagocytic/genetics* ; Lymphoma/genetics* ; Perforin/genetics* ; Polymorphism, Genetic

Although it has become a consensus in the field of colorectal surgery to perform radical tumor treatment and functional protection under the minimally invasive concept, there exist many controversies during clinical practice, including the concept of embryonic development of abdominal organs and membrane anatomy, the principle of membrane anatomy related to right hemicolectomy, D3 resection, and identification of the inner boundary. In this paper, we analyzed recently reported literature with high-level evidence and clinical data from the author's hospital to recognize and review the membrane anatomy-based laparoscopic assisted right hemicolectomy for right colon cancer, emphasizing the importance of priority of surgical dissection planes, vascular orientation, and full understanding of the fascial space, and proposing that the surgical planes should be dissected in the parietal-prerenal fascial space, and the incision should be 1 cm from the descending and horizontal part of the duodenum. The surgery should be performed according to a standard procedure with strict quality control. To identify the resection range of D3 dissection, it is necessary to establish a clinical, imaging, and pathological evaluation model for multiple factors or to apply indocyanine green and nano-carbon lymphatic tracer intraoperatively to guide precise lymph node dissection. We expect more high-level evidence of evidence-based medicine to prove the inner boundary of laparoscopic assisted radical right colectomy and a more rigorous consensus to be established.
Humans ; Laparoscopy/methods* ; Colonic Neoplasms/pathology* ; Lymph Node Excision/methods* ; Colectomy/methods* ; Dissection

In 2020, the prevalence of abnormal spinal curvature among 54 079 students in Shandong Province was 1.54%. The multivariate logistic regression model analysis showed that, compared with those in primary school, economically underdeveloped areas, and non-residential schools, students in middle and high schools, economically average areas, and residential schools had a higher risk of abnormal spinal curvature, with OR (95%CI) values of 2.029 (1.662-2.476), 2.746 (2.208-3.416), 2.237 (1.740-2.875) and 2.057 (1.705-2.483), respectively. Compared with those in economically underdeveloped areas, who were underweight, who had seat adjustments≤1 time per academic year, and who had physical education classes≤1 per week, students in economically developed areas, who were normal weight, overweight, and obese, who had seat adjustments≥2 times per academic year, and who had physical education classes 2-3 or≥4 per week, had a lower risk of abnormal spinal curvature, with OR (95%CI) values of 0.690 (0.521-0.915), 0.722 (0.546-0.955), 0.535 (0.389-0.735), 0.383 (0.274-0.535), 0.835 (0.711-0.980), 0.561 (0.474-0.663) and 0.491 (0.315-0.766), respectively.
Humans ; Risk Factors ; Prevalence ; Spinal Curvatures ; Schools ; Students

This study was aimed at identifying species of ticks and investigating infections with tick-borne pathogens a-mong people in Yadong,Tibet.The total of 23 ticks(Ixodes and Haemaphysalis)collected from livestock in Yadong,Tibet in July 2021,the gene sequences of cytochrome oxidase subunitⅠ(COX Ⅰ),mitochondrial 16S ribosomal DNA(16S rDNA)and mitochondrial 12S ribosomal DNA(12S rDNA)were identi-fied on the basis of molecular biology classification.The gene sequences of spotted fever group rickettsia(SFGR),Borrelia burgdorferi,Francisella tularensis and Coxiella burnetii in ticks were amplified by PCR and sequenced,and phylogenetic ana-lyses were performed.In addition,184 serum samples collected from Yadong in 2021 were screened for antibodies to Lyme dis-ease,Q fever,spotted fever,and tularemia by ELISA,and infections with tick-borne pathogens in Yadong were comprehen-sively analyzed.The ticks(Ixodes)collected in Yadong,Tibet,were grouped into two categories.The COX Ⅰ,16S rDNA,and 12S rDNA gene sequences of the ticks had 99.5％,97.57％,and 99.12％ similarity,respectively,to those of Ixodes nuttallia-nus in GenBank.The similarities between the COX Ⅰ and 16S rDNA gene sequences of another Ixodes tick species and the COXⅠ and 16S rDNA gene sequences of Ixodes ovatus in GenBank were 88.29％ and 95.75％,respectively.The similarity between the COX Ⅰ,16S rDNA,and 12S rDNA gene sequences of Haemaphysalis ticks and those of Haemaphysalis Tibet in GenBank were 96.04％,96.17％,and 97.47％,respectively.The sequence amplification results for Borrelia burgdorferi,Francisella tularensis,and Coxsiella burnetii in 23 ticks were negative,whereas gltA gene amplification of spotted fever group Rickettsia in 23 ticks was positive.The similarity of gltA gene sequences with respect to those of Candidatus Rickettsia tarasevichiae,Rickettsia raoultii,Rickettsia canadensis,and a Rickettsia endosymbiont of Eucalyptus brunneri in GenBank was 96.77％,96.76％,95.35％,and 95.35％,respectively.Among 184 serum samples from Yadong,the positivity rates of Lyme disease,Q fever,spotted fever,and tularemia were 6.52％,12.50％,8.70％,and 10.87％,respectively.These results indicated that the 23 parasitic ticks collected in Yadong,Tibet,in July 2021 were Ixodes nuttallianus,Ixodes ovatus and Haemaphysalis ti-betensis,and 23 ticks were infected with SFGR.Lyme disease,Q fever,spotted fever,and tularemia infection were prevalent in the population of Yadong.Therefore,efforts to control tick-borne diseases must be strengthened.

In 2020, the prevalence of abnormal spinal curvature among 54 079 students in Shandong Province was 1.54%. The multivariate logistic regression model analysis showed that, compared with those in primary school, economically underdeveloped areas, and non-residential schools, students in middle and high schools, economically average areas, and residential schools had a higher risk of abnormal spinal curvature, with OR (95%CI) values of 2.029 (1.662-2.476), 2.746 (2.208-3.416), 2.237 (1.740-2.875) and 2.057 (1.705-2.483), respectively. Compared with those in economically underdeveloped areas, who were underweight, who had seat adjustments≤1 time per academic year, and who had physical education classes≤1 per week, students in economically developed areas, who were normal weight, overweight, and obese, who had seat adjustments≥2 times per academic year, and who had physical education classes 2-3 or≥4 per week, had a lower risk of abnormal spinal curvature, with OR (95%CI) values of 0.690 (0.521-0.915), 0.722 (0.546-0.955), 0.535 (0.389-0.735), 0.383 (0.274-0.535), 0.835 (0.711-0.980), 0.561 (0.474-0.663) and 0.491 (0.315-0.766), respectively.
Humans ; Risk Factors ; Prevalence ; Spinal Curvatures ; Schools ; Students