Inflammatory diseases (IDs) are a general term of diseases characterized by chronic inflammation as the primary pathogenetic mechanism, which seriously affect the quality of patient′s life and cause significant social and medical burden. Current drugs for IDs include nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, corticosteroids, immunomodulators, biologics, and antioxidants, but these drugs may cause gastrointestinal side effects, induce or worsen infections, and cause non-response or intolerance. Given the outstanding performance of metal polyphenol network (MPN) in the fields of drug delivery, biomedical imaging, and catalytic therapy, its application in the diagnosis and treatment of IDs has attracted much attention and significant progress has been made. In this paper, we first provide an overview of the types of IDs and their generating mechanisms, then sort out and summarize the different forms of MPN in recent years, and finally discuss in detail the characteristics of MPN and their latest research progress in the diagnosis and treatment of IDs. This research may provide useful references for scientific research and clinical practice in the related fields.

Aim To investigate the effect of safflower yellow (SY) on learning and memory ability of APP/ PS1 mice at different disease stages, and to explore the mechanism of SY anti- Alzheimer's disease by using 3-,6- and 9-month-old APP/PS 1 transgenic mice as experimental animal models. Methods Behavioral experiments were conducted to observe the effects of SY on learning and memory of APP/PS1 mice of different months. ELISA was used to detect the effect of SY on the expression of inflammatory factors in cortex of mice of different months. Western blot was used to detect the microglia activation marker protein, and its mechanism of action was further analyzed. Results SY could enhance the learning and memory ability of mice aged 3, 6 and 9 months, reduce the content of IL-6 and increase the content of TGF-β1 in brain tissue, up-regulate the expression levels of arginase-1 (arg-1) and triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (tREM2) in brain tissue of mice of different months, and down-regulate the expression levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), Toll-like receptors 4 (tlr4) and nuclear factor-kappa B (nf-KB). Conclusions Compared with 3- and 9-month-old mice, SY is the most effective in improving learning memory in 6-month-old APP/PS1 mice. SY inhibits TLR4/NF-KB pathway activation by inducing TREM2 expression in brain tissue of APP/PS 1 transgenic mice, promotes microglia phenotype shift to anti-inflammatory phenotype, reduces chronic neuroinflammatory response, and improves learning memory in APP/PS1 mice at all months of age.

Objective To analyze the micronucleus rate of radiation workers and to provide accurate occupational health monitoring basis in radiation workers exposed to low-level ionizing radiation for a long time. Methods The radiation group consisted of 353 radiation workers who had been exposed to ionizing radiation during work, while the control group consisted of 41 radiation workers who had not yet been exposed to ionizing radiation before work. The cytokinesis-block micronucleus method was used to determine the micronucleus rate. Results The average micronucleus rate in the radiation group was significantly higher than that in the control group (t = −2.95, P < 0.05). In the radiation group, the micronucleus rate gradually increased with age, and the difference was statistically significant (F = 8.36, P < 0.05). The micronucleus rates of workers with > 10 and > 30 years of service were significantly higher than those of workers with < 10 years of service (χ² = −44.79, −60.47, P < 0.05). The micronucleus rate in females was significantly higher than that in males (t = 3.93, P < 0.05). The micronucleus rates in the diagnostic radiology group and the industrial detection group were significantly higher than that in the control group (t = 3.51, 3.65, P < 0.05). Conclusion The micronucleus rate has increased among the radiation workers exposed to low-level ionizing radiation for a long time. It is necessary to further strengthen occupational health monitoring and radiation protection education for radiation workers, especially the medical workers that constitute the largest population of radiation exposure workers.

Colitis-associated cancer(CAC)is a specific type of colorectal cancer that develops from inflammatory bowel disease(IBD).Myeloid-derived suppressor cells(MDSCs)are a group of myeloid cells with immunosuppressive properties,and MDSCs in the tumor microenvironment proliferate and activate during the development of colitis-associated cancer,inhibiting T-cell production and impairing their function,which impedes the immunotherapeutic effect of colitis-associated cancer.In this paper,we review the immunosuppressive mechanisms of MDSCs in the development of inflammatory bowel disease to colitis-associated cancers and the current drugs targeting MDSCs for immunotherapy of inflammatory colorectal cancers,with a view to providing new strategies for the treatment of colitis-associated cancers.

Objective To investigate the effects of cinbufagin(CB)on the proliferation,migration and invasion ability as well as epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)of human colon cells HCT116.Methods Logarithmically grown HCT116 cells were randomly divided into blank group and experimental-L,-M,-H groups;the blank group did not receive any treatment(0 nmol·L-1),and experimental-L,-M,-H groups were cultured in 1 640 medium containing 17.5,35 and 70 nmol·L-1 cinbufagin for 48 h.Cell counting kit-8(CCK-8)was used to detect the effect of cinbufagin on the survival rate of HCT116 cells;cloning assay was used to detect the effect of cinbufagin on the proliferation of HCT116 cells;cell scratch assay and Transwell assay were used to detect the effect of cinbufagin on the migration and invasive ability of HCT116 cells;Western blot was used to detect the expression levels of janus kinase 2(JAK2)/signal transducers and activators of transcription 3(STAT3)pathway and EMT-related proteins of HCT116 cells.Results The number of clone formation in blank group and experimental-L,-M,-H groups were 122.67±24.42,73.67±15.82,44.33±4.51 and 21.67±1.53;the rates of migration of scratches were(44.64±9.15)％,(26.91±2.94)％,(19.28±1.52)％and(6.33±2.30)％;the number of invaded cells were 120.33±1.15,58.33±9.07,33.33±1.53 and 18.33±3.21;the relative protein expression of phosphorylated JAK-2(p-JAK-2)/JAK-2 were 1.02±0.06,0.94±0.05,0.75±0.22 and 0.49±0.22;relative protein expression of phosphorylated STAT3(p-STAT3)/STAT3 were 0.89±0.10,0.72±0.04,0.65±0.06 and 0.52±0.18;relative protein expression of E-cadherin were 0.30±0.14,0.41±0.13,0.49±0.14 and 0.69±0.17;relative protein expression of N-cadherin were 0.96±0.11,0.78±0.04,0.69±0.12 and 0.40±0.15;Snail relative protein expression were 0.89±0.08,0.62±0.15,0.44±0.15 and 0.27±0.09;Vimentin relative protein expression were 0.92±0.09,0.76±0.13,0.63±0.01 and 0.43±0.09,respectively.The above indexes in experimental-H group showed statistically significant differences compared to blank group(all P＜0.05).Conclusion HCT116 can inhibit the invasion and metastasis of human colorectal cancer cells HCT116 by inhibiting epithelial-mesenchymal transition through JAK2/STAT3 pathway.

Objective To explore the mechanism of inhibition of colorectal cancer cells HT29 proliferation,migration and invasion by bufalin through Janus kinase 2(JAK2)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(STAT3)pathway.Methods Human colorectal cancer HT29 cells were randomly divided into control group and experimental-L,-M,-H groups.The cells in the control group were not treated,and the cells in the experimental-L,-M,-H groups were treated with 2.5,5.0 and 10.0 μmol·L-1 bufalin for 48 h.After HT29 cells were infected with FLAG STAT3 lentivirus,the cells were divided into lentivirus infection group and experiment-H(10.0 pmol·L-1 bufalin)+lentivirus infection group.Cell viability was detected by cell counting kit 8(CCK-8).Cloning experiment to verify cell proliferation rate;Transwell experiment verified the migration ability of cells after bufalin treatment;the transfection efficiency of lentivirus and the expression of cell-related proteins were detected by Western blot.Results After 48 h of drug action,the number of cells in the control group,experimental-L,-M,-H groups were 1 003.25±255.53,698.00±152.25,562.13±31.56 and 449.50±82.40,respectively;the number of invasive cells were 932.00±188.84,742.22±108.64,514.67±124.82 and 343.56±86.42,respectively;the protein expression level of p-JAK2 were 1.37±0.27,0.97±0.06,0.74±0.06 and 0.39±0.12,respectively.The number of cells in the control group,experimental-H group,lentivirus infection group,and experimental-H+lentivirus infection group were 906.88±211.71,389.00±143.08,1 279.38±210.34 and 604.75±12.52,respectively;the number of invasive cells were 671.22±44.74,246.11±28.16,1 080.78±119.13 and 574.78±16.23,respectively.Compared with the control group,there were statistically significant differences in the number of cell proliferation,the number of cell invasion and the relative levels of p-JAK2 in the experimental-M and-H groups(all P＜0.05).Compared with the control group,the number of cell proliferation and the number of cell invasion in the experimental-H group,the lentivirus infection group,and the high-dose experimental+lentivirus infection group were statistically significant(all P＜0.05).Conclusion Bufalin can inhibit the proliferation,migration and invasion of colorectal cancer by activating the JAK2/STAT3 signalling pathway.

MicroRNAs(microRNAs,miRNAs)are a class of endogenous,single-stranded,short and highly conserved non-coding RNAs.miR-135b,as a member of miRNAs,is aberrantly expressed in digestive malignancies.Its mechanism of action involves a variety of target genes and participates in tumorigenesis and development by regulating cell proliferation,metastasis,and drug resistance.Clinical studies have shown that high expression of miR-135b is associated with poor patient prognosis and decreased survival.As a potential biomarker,miR-135b may be useful in the diagnosis,prognostic assessment,and therapeutic monitoring of malignant tumors of the digestive system.Therefore,miR-135b and its regulated pathways may become future therapeutic targets and provide new ideas for the treatment and management of tumor patients.

Objective This study aimed to understand the epidemic status and phylogenetic relationships of rotavirus group A(RVA)in the Pearl River Delta region of Guangdong Province,China. Methods This study included individuals aged 28 days-85 years.A total of 706 stool samples from patients with acute gastroenteritis collected between January 2019 and January 2020 were analyzed for 17 causative pathogens,including RVA,using a Gastrointestinal Pathogen Panel,followed by genotyping,virus isolation,and complete sequencing to assess the genetic diversity of RVA. Results The overall RVA infection rate was 14.59%(103/706),with an irregular epidemiological pattern.The proportion of co-infection with RVA and other pathogens was 39.81%(41/103).Acute gastroenteritis is highly prevalent in young children aged 0-1 year,and RVA is the key pathogen circulating in patients 6-10 months of age with diarrhea.G9P[8](58.25%,60/103)was found to be the predominant genotype in the RVA strains,and the 41 RVA-positive strains that were successfully sequenced belonged to three different RVA genotypes in the phylogenetic analysis.Recombination analysis showed that gene reassortment events,selection pressure,codon usage bias,gene polymorphism,and post-translational modifications(PTMs)occurred in the G9P[8]and G3P[8]strains. Conclusion This study provides molecular evidence of RVA prevalence in the Pearl River Delta region of China,further enriching the existing information on its genetics and evolutionary characteristics and suggesting the emergence of genetic diversity.Strengthening the surveillance of genotypic changes and gene reassortment in RVA strains is essential for further research and a better understanding of strain variations for further vaccine development.

Objective:To analyze the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection in children in Jiangsu Province from 2014 to 2023.Methods:The acute respiratory infection cases in children aged 0-14 years were selected from outpatient/emergency or inpatient departments in 2 surveillance sentinel hospitals, respectively, in Nanjing, Suzhou and Taizhou of Jiangsu from 1 July 2014 to 31 December 2023, and RSV nucleic acid test was conducted and the intensity of the RSV infection was accessed by WHO influenza epidemiological threshold method, and case information and clinical data were collected. χ2 test was used to compare the differences between groups, and the Bonferroni method was used for pairwise comparisons between groups. Results:In 4 946 cases of acute respiratory infections, the RSV positive rate was 8.21% (406/4 946), and the age M( Q1, Q3) of the cases was 1 (0, 3) years. The RSV positive rate was 10.92% (258/2 362) during 2014-2019 and 6.06% (118/1 948) during 2019-2023, the difference was significant ( χ2=31.74, P<0.001). RSV infection mainly occurred from October to March during 2014-2019, with the incidence peak in December and moderate or higher intensity. The seasonality of RSV infection was not obvious during 2019-2023, with low intensity. The RSV positive rate was highest in children in age group 0- years (17.85%, 151/846), and the positive rate declined gradually with age ( χ2=184.51, P<0.001). The RSV positive rate was higher in inpatient cases (9.84%, 244/2 480) than in outpatient/emergency cases (6.57%, 162/2 466) ( χ2=17.54, P<0.001). In the 155 RSV infection cases with complete clinical data, the clinical symptoms mainly included cough (99.35%, 154/155), fever (55.48%, 86/155), and shortness of breath (45.16%, 70/155). In the cases aged <6 months, the proportion of those with fever was low, but the proportion of those with shortness of breath, transferred to intensive care units, and receiving oxygen therapy were higher (all P<0.05). Children aged <6 months and those with underlying diseases were more likely to have severe RSV infection (all P<0.05). Conclusions:RSV infection in children in Jiangsu Province showed seasonal prevalence in winter from 2014 to 2019. Since 2020, the seasonal characteristics of the epidemic have changed, the epidemic period has been dispersed and the epidemic intensity has decreased. Infants <1 year old were at high risk for RSV infection, and those <6 months old and with underlying diseases might have severe infection.

Objective This study aimed to investigate the potential relationship between urinary metals copper (Cu), arsenic (As), strontium (Sr), barium (Ba), iron (Fe), lead (Pb) and manganese (Mn) and grip strength. Methods We used linear regression models, quantile g-computation and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) to assess the relationship between metals and grip strength.Results In the multimetal linear regression, Cu (β=-2.119), As (β=-1.318), Sr (β=-2.480), Ba (β=0.781), Fe (β= 1.130) and Mn (β=-0.404) were significantly correlated with grip strength (P < 0.05). The results of the quantile g-computation showed that the risk of occurrence of grip strength reduction was -1.007 (95％ confidence interval:-1.362, -0.652; P < 0.001) when each quartile of the mixture of the seven metals was increased. Bayesian kernel function regression model analysis showed that mixtures of the seven metals had a negative overall effect on grip strength, with Cu, As and Sr being negatively associated with grip strength levels. In the total population, potential interactions were observed between As and Mn and between Cu and Mn (Pinteractions of 0.003 and 0.018, respectively).Conclusion In summary, this study suggests that combined exposure to metal mixtures is negatively associated with grip strength. Cu, Sr and As were negatively correlated with grip strength levels, and there were potential interactions between As and Mn and between Cu and Mn.