Objective: To analyze the change trends in the body shape indicators and proportions of students in Harbin from 2010 to 2024, and to investigate ergonomic compatibility of functional dimensions of school desks and chairs with current student shape indicators, so as to provide a reference for revising furniture standards of desks and chairs. Methods: Between September and November of both 2010 and 2024, a combination of convenience sampling and stratified cluster random sampling was conducted across three districts in Harbin, yielding samples of 6 590 and 6 252 students, respectively. Anthropometric shape indicators cluding height, sitting height, crus length, and thigh length-and their proportional changes were compared over the 15-year period. The 2024 data were compared with current standard functional dimensions of school furniture. The statistical analysis incorporated t-test and Mann-Whitney U- test. Results: From 2010 to 2024, average height increased by 1.8 cm for boys and 1.5 cm for girls; sitting height increased by 1.5 cm for both genders; crus length increased by 0.3 cm for boys and 0.4 cm for girls; and thigh length increased by 0.5 cm for both genders. The ratios of sitting height to height, and sitting height to leg length increased by less than 0.1 . The difference between desk chair height and 1/3 sitting height ranged from 0.4-0.8 cm. Among students matched with size 0 desks and chairs, 22.0% had a desk to chair height difference less than 0, indicating that the desk to chair height difference might be insufficient for taller students. The differences between seat height and fibular height ranged from -1.4 to 1.1 cm; and the differences between seat depth and buttock popliteal length ranged from -9.8 to 3.4 cm. Among obese students, the differences between seat width and 1/2 hip circumference ranged from -20.5 to -8.7 cm, while it ranged from -12.2 to -3.8 cm among non obese students. Conclusion Current furniture standards basically satisfy hygienic requirements; however, in the case of exceptionally tall and obese students, ergonomic accommodations such as adaptive seating allocation or personalized adjustments are recommended to meet hygienic requirements.

AIM: To assess the gap between the peak of the base curve to the surface of the cornea, as well as examines the correlation between the thickness of the tear film and the fitting of the orthokeratology lens through optical coherence tomography(OCT), providing an intuitive and quantitative clinical evaluation method for the fitting of the orthokeratology lens.METHODS: Myopia patients who fitted orthokeratology at our hospital from January to December 2023 were included. Examinations, including naked vision, slit lamp, non-contact intraocular pressure, ocular fundus, eye position, corneal diameter, corneal topography, tear film rupture time, optometry, etc., were performed on all patients before fitting. The trial lens parameter was selected according to the examination results, and fluorescein staining was performed to evaluate lens fitting state after patients adapted to wearing glasses. According to the performance of fluorescein staining, the inspected eyes are divided into three groups: lens loose group, lens fitting group, and lens tight group. In addition, the tear film thickness of three groups of subjects was measured by OCT, and the differences between the three groups of data were evaluated.RESULTS: A total of 49 myopic patients(77 eyes)were included. The average sphere degree was -3.10±1.25 D, the average cylinder degree was -0.43(-0.75, 0)D, the average horizontal keratometry(HK)was 42.48±0.81 D, and vertical keratometry(VK)was 42.98(42.25, 43.50)D. There were 21 cases(34 eyes)in the lens fitting group, with 13 cases of bilateral eyes, 8 cases of one eye, 14 cases(22 eyes)in the lens loose group, with 8 cases of bilateral eyes, 6 cases of one eye, and 14 cases(21 eyes)in the lens tight group, with 7 cases of bilateral eyes, 7 cases of one eye. There was no statistical difference in the main basic data of the subjects in the three groups(all P>0.05). OCT showed that the tear film thickness of the lens fitting group, the lens loose group, and the lens tight group was 231.18(219.0, 243.0), 220.41(214.0, 224.3), and 249.00(241.5, 258.0)μm, respectively, and there was statistical significance in the thickness among the three groups(P<0.05).CONCLUSION: OCT can serve as a safe and reliable method for measuring the tear film thickness, which can help evaluate the suitability of orthokeratology and provide a non-invasive, more intuitive, and quantitative evaluation method for the fitting and evaluation of orthokeratology.

Objective To investigate the baseline clinical characteristics,ascending aortic root anatomical characteristics,and related factors of the surgical strategy of patients with new-onset conduction disturbance(NOCD)after transcatheter aortic valve replacement(TAVR)with self-expanding valve(SEV)implantation.Methods A retrospective study was conducted on 245 patients who underwent TAVR at the Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital Xiamen University between December 2014 and November 2022.According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria,167 patients with SEV implantation during surgery were continuously included.They were divided into tricuspid aortic valve group(TAV group,113 cases)and bicuspid aortic valve group(BAV group,54 cases)according to aortic valve morphology.The TAV group was divided into NOCD group(43 cases)and non NOCD group(70 cases)according to postoperative electrocardiogram characteristics.The BAV group was divided into NOCD group(16 cases)and non NOCD group(38 cases).Collect clinical data such as preoperative electrocardiogram and ascending aortic root CT angiography from patients.Results The right-non valvular calcification quantification(P=0.005)in the non-NOCD group was significantly greater than that in the NOCD group,but the aortic angle(P=0.002)was smaller in TAV patients.Multivariate analysis suggested that the risk of NOCD after TAVR is reduced by 2.6％for every 10 mm3 increase in right-non valvular calcification in patients(OR 0.974,P=0.039),the risk of postoperative NOCD nearly 7.3％for every degree increase in aortic angulation(OR 1.073,P=0.003).In BAV patients the increase of the risk of NOCD after TAVR is nearly 3.3％for every l ms increase in preoperative PR interval(OR 1.033,P=0.041),the risk of NOCD is reduced by 6.6％for every 10 mm3 increase in calcification quantification in the right coronary valve area(OR 0.934,P=0.013).Conclusions In TAV patient,right-non valvular calcification may have a protective effect on the cardiac conduction system,but a larger aortic angle increases the risk of NOCD.In BAV patients,a longer preoperative PR interval is a risk factor for NOCD,and the right coronary valve area may protect the cardiac conduction system.

Major depressive disorder (MDD) has become an increasingly serious public health issue, characterized by high incidence and high disability rates. It often coexists with other mental health problems and physical diseases, with a significant negative impact on patients' quality of life. In clinical practice, MDD is considered a heterogeneous disease. The complexity of the pathological mechanisms and the variability in treatment responses lead to a lack of clear therapeutic targets, which complicates the treatment process. In recent years, with advancements in neuroscience, the crucial role of microglia in the pathogenesis of MDD has been revealed. As the main immune cells in the brain, microglia are not only involved in the regulation of neuroinflammation but also play important roles in neurogenesis and neuronal regulation in MDD. This article mainly discusses the role of microglia in the pathophysiological mechanisms of MDD, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for microglia as a potential target for the treatment of MDD.

Objective:To explore the inhibitory mechanism of herb cake-partitioned moxibustion on tumor growth in colitis-associated colorectal cancer(CAC)based on histone lysine demethylase 4D(KDM4D). Methods:Inbred male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a normal group,a CAC group,a herb cake-partitioned moxibustion group,and an inhibitor group.Except the normal group,rats in the other three groups were treated with azoxymethane(AOM)combined with dextran sulfate sodium(DSS)to make CAC rat models.Rats in the normal group and the CAC group did not receive interventions;rats in the herb cake-partitioned moxibustion group received moxibustion at Qihai(CV6)and bilateral Tianshu(ST25),2 cones for one point each time,once a day for 30 d with 1-day rest every week;rats in the inhibitor group received intraperitoneal injection of KDM4D inhibitor,5-chloro-8-hydroxyquinoline(5-c-8HQ),once a day for 30 d.After intervention,the general condition,colon length,tumor number and volume,and histopathological colon changes were observed.The expression of adenomatous polyposis coli(APC),axis inhibitor(Axin),cyclin D1,matrix metalloproteinase(MMP)-7 and MMP-9 mRNAs were detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction.The proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA),cleaved caspase3,KDM4D,APC,and Axin proteins were detected by immunohistochemistry. Results:Compared with the normal group,the general condition was poor,the colon length was significantly shortened(P<0.01),the number and volume of colonic tumors were increased(P<0.01),the structure of glandular duct was obviously disordered with"back-to-back"and cowall phenomenon,and also high-grade adenocarcinoma formed;the protein expression levels of PCNA and KDM4D were significantly increased(P<0.01),while cleaved caspase3,APC,and Axin were significantly reduced(P<0.01);the mRNA expression levels of cyclin D1,MMP-7,and MMP-9 were significantly increased(P<0.01),while APC and Axin were significantly reduced(P<0.01)in the CAC group.Compared with the CAC group,the general condition was improved,the length of colon was significantly increased(P<0.01),the number and volume of the colonic tumors were reduced(P<0.05),and the colon tissues showed epithelial cell proliferation with enlarged and deep staining nuclei,dysplasia and inflammatory cell infiltration;the protein expression levels of PCNA and KDM4D were significantly reduced(P<0.01),while the cleaved caspase3,APC,and Axin were significantly increased(P<0.01);the mRNA expression levels of cyclin D1,MMP-7,and MMP-9 were reduced(P<0.05),while the APC and Axin were increased(P<0.05)in the colon tissues of rats in the herb cake-partitioned moxibustion group and the inhibitor group. Conclusion:Herb cake-partitioned moxibustion regulated abnormally expressed KDM4D in CAC rats,activated APC and Axin,the upstream molecules of Wnt/β-catenin pathway,inhibited abnormally activated downstream molecules of Wnt/β-catenin pathway.This may be a key mechanism of herb cake-partitioned moxibustion in inhibiting CAC tumor growth.

Referring to ZHANG Xichun's experience in treating dysentery from cold-fire accumulation， the treatment of ulcerative colitis （UC） in this paper can be divided into three stages including cold-fire accumulation stage， excessive heat and putrid intestine stage， and healthy qi deficiency and pathogen lingering stage. For people with slippery and excess pulse in the cold-fire accumulation stage， Xiaochengqi Decoction （小承气汤） added with Baishao （Radix Paeoniae Alba） and Gancao （Radix et Rhizoma Glycyrrhizae） can be used for purgation， while those with deficient pulse， Huazhi Decoction （化滞汤） or Xieli Decoction （燮理汤） can be used. In the excessive heat and putrid intestine stage， Tongbian Baitouweng Decoction （通变白头翁汤） and Jiedu Shenghua Elixir （解毒生化丹） are suggested. In the healthy qi deficiency and pathogen lingering stage， it is advised to use Jiedu Shenghua Elixir added with Shanyao （Rhizoma Dioscoreae）， and Sanbao Porridge （三宝粥）. Additionally， the medication rules， dosage and administration characteristics of Huanglian （Rhizoma Coptidis）-Rougui （Cortex Cinnamomi）， Yadanzi （Fructus Bruceae）， Diyu （Radix Sanguisorbae）， Shanyao and Liuhuang （Sulphur） by ZHANG Xichun have been summarized with the help of modern pharmacological research， so as to provide new ideas for the treatment of UC by TCM.

Currently,human health due to corona virus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic has been seriously threatened.The coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)spike(S)protein plays a crucial role in virus transmission and several S-based therapeutic approaches have been approved for the treatment of COVID-19.However,the efficacy is compromised by the SARS-CoV-2 evolvement and mutation.Here we report the SARS-CoV-2 S protein receptor-binding domain(RBD)inhibitor licorice-saponin A3(A3)could widely inhibit RBD of SARS-CoV-2 variants,including Beta,Delta,and Omicron BA.1,XBB and BQ1.1.Furthermore,A3 could potently inhibit SARS-CoV-2 Omicron virus in Vero E6 cells,with EC50 of 1.016 pM.The mechanism was related to binding with Y453 of RBD deter-mined by hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry(HDX-MS)analysis combined with quan-tum mechanics/molecular mechanics(QM/MM)simulations.Interestingly,phosphoproteomics analysis and multi fluorescent immunohistochemistry(mIHC)respectively indicated that A3 also inhibits host inflammation by directly modulating the JNK and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)path-ways and rebalancing the corresponding immune dysregulation.This work supports A3 as a promising broad-spectrum small molecule drug candidate for COVID-19.

Background Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), one of the main components of fine particulate matter (PM_2.5), have a certain impact on ambient air quality, and long-term exposure to PAHs may pose potential health risks to human beings. Objective To identify the distribution characteristics and sources of PAHs in atmospheric PM_2.5 in a district of Taizhou City from 2019 to 2021, and to evaluate the health risks of PAHs to the population in the area through the inhalation pathway. Methods From 2019 to 2021, air PM_2.5 sampling was carried out at a state-controlled surveillance point in a district of Taizhou City for 7 consecutive days on the 10th-16th of each month, the sampling time was 24 h·d⁻¹, and the sampling flow rate was 100 L·min⁻¹. PM_2.5 mass concentration was calculated by gravimetric method. A total of 16 PAHs were determined by ultrasonic extraction-liquid chromatography. Kruskal-Wallis H test was used to compare the distribution charac teristics of PAHs concentrations by years and seasons, characteristic ratio and principal component analysis (PCA) was used to analyze their sources, and a lifetime carcinogenic risk (ILCR) model was used to assess the health risk of PAHs. Results From 2019 to 2021, the annual average concentrations [M (P₂₅, P₇₅)] of ∑PAHs in atmospheric PM_2.5 in the selected district of Taizhou City were 6.52 (2.46, 10.59), 8.52 (4.56, 12.29), and 3.72 (1.51, 7.11) ng·m⁻³, respectively, and the annual benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) excess rates (national limit: 1 ng·m⁻³) were 27.38% (23/84), 47.62% (40/84), and 19.04% (16/84), respectively, both presenting 2020> 2019 > 2021 (P<0.001, P<0.05). The ∑PAHs concentration distribution showed a seasonal variation, with the highest value in winter and the lowest value in summer (P<0.05). Among the atmospheric PM_2.5 samples, the proportion of 5-ring PAHs was the highest, the proportion of 2-3-ring PAHs was the lowest; the proportion of 2-4-ring PAHs showed a yearly upward trend, and the proportion of 5-6-ring PAHs showed yearly downward trend (P<0.05). The characteristic ratio and PCA results suggested that the sources of sampled PAHs were mainly mixed sources such as dust, fossil fuel (natural gas), coal combustion, industrial emissions, and motor vehicle exhaust emissions. The ILCR (R_ILCR) of PAHs by inhalation for men, women, and children were 1.83×10⁻⁶, 2.35×10⁻⁶, and 2.04×10⁻⁶, respectively, and the annual average R_ILCR was 2.07×10⁻⁶, all greater than 1×10⁻⁶. Conclusion For the sampled time period, the main sources of PAHs pollution in atmospheric PM_2.5 in the target district of Taizhou City are dust, fossil fuel (natural gas), coal combustion, industrial emissions, motor vehicle emissions, etc., and PAHs may have a potential carcinogenic risk to local residents.

Objective:To investigate the application effects of a novel framework: the external septal retention bionic framework in East Asian rhinoplasty.Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed based on the clinical data of the patients who received treatments in Department of Plastic and Aesthetic ( Burn) Surgery, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University from January 2022 to July 2023 using an external septal retention bionic framework with autologous costal cartilage rhinoplasty. The patients were all treated with a V-shaped incision at the nasal columella, which continued to both sides of the nose to form a bird-shaped incision. During the operation, the sixth or seventh costal cartilage was sculpted to form the nasal columella support grafts (sturt), external nasal septal graft, cap grafts, and shield grafts, in which the nasal column support graft and external nasal septal graft were implanted in a mortise-and-tenon joint structure to form a septum bionic retained external stent in order to lengthen the nasal columellar column and strengthen the septum. A capsular graft was used to shape the tip of the nose and the rectus abdominis fascia was covered to soften the tip of the nose, and the shield grafts were used to fill out the subnasal lobules. A bulb was sculpted, shaped and implanted in the dorsal space to elevate the nasal dorsum. To observe the postoperative results and complications, a postoperative satisfaction survey was completed using the rhinoplasty outcome evaluation (ROE) and the visual analogue scale (VAS) with regular follow-up. Comparison of preoperative and postoperative scale scores was performed using paired samples t-test. Nasal stent stability was assessed by measuring the patients’ preoperative and postoperative nasolabial angle and nasal tip protrusion. The comparison of preoperative and postoperative nasolabial angle was performed using the paired-sample t-test, and the comparison of nasal tip protrusion was performed using the Wilcoxon signed rank-sum test, P<0.05 considered a statistically significant difference. Results:A total of 33 patients were enrolled, including 4 males and 29 females, with average age of 23.8 years(15-42 years). The follow-up period is (14.52 ± 4.72) months (3 to 21 months). Thirty-three patients recovered well after surgery, and no short-term complications such as infection or bleeding occurred. The patients' nasal aesthetic problems such as saddle nose, deviated nasal columella, bilateral asymmetry of the nose, bilateral nasal base depression, and rounded shield of the nasal tip were improved after surgery. Satisfaction survey results: ROE and VAS scores were significantly higher than those before surgery, which were [(17.92±2.56) vs.(12.78±3.14)] and [(8.08±1.66)vs(5.15±1.99)], ( P<0.05), 87.9% (27/33)of the patients were satisfied with the aesthetic and functional outcomes of the nose. Comparisons of nasolabial angle [(87.28±2.58)° vs. (97.64±1.95)°] and tip protrusion [1.88 (1.78, 1.95) cm vs. 2.16(2.01, 2.32) cm] measurements between preoperative and postoperative period of the 33 patients, the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). Conclusion:Rhinoplasty for East Asians employs an external septal retention bionic framework to retain the nasal septum. This technique can avoid septal cartilage resorption caused by compression of grafts transplanted in the future, and cause less damage to the anatomy and physiology of the nose. The framework is relatively easy to construct, with a stable and strong stent, and good patient satisfaction. It can achieve a more desirable aesthetic effect of the nose.

Objective To analyze the colorectal cancer screening of community residents in Pudong New Area in Shanghai and provide reference for the promotion and strategy optimization of colorectal cancer screening programs. Methods Residents aged 50-74 years in the colorectal cancer screening project of Pudong New Area in Shanghai from 2013 to 2023 were recruited in this analysis. The situation of primary screening and colonoscopy in the community was described, and results of different age groups in primary screening and colonoscopy surveys were evaluated. Chi-square test was used to determine differences between groups. Results From 2013 to 2023, 907 030 residents were screened in Pudong New Area, of which 183 724 residents were positive, and the positive rate was 20.3%. The positive rate was the lowest in the 50-54 age group and the highest in the 70-74 age group. The positive rate was higher in men than in women. The overall colonoscopy rate was 27.1%, with the highest rates in the 50-54 age group in men and the 55-59 age group in women, respectively. The participation rate of colonoscopy increased with the increase of the year. A total of 19 094 cases of intestinal lesions were found by colonoscopy. Among these lesions, 1 147 cases were colorectal cancer, accounting for 6.0%, and the population detection rate was 126.5/100 000. In addition, 4 751 cases of precancerous lesions were found, accounting for 24.9%, and the detection rate was 523.8/100 000. Conclusion Colorectal cancer screening improves the detection rate of precancerous lesions and early cancer and is of great significance for reducing the incidence and mortality of colon cancer. Measures should be taken to optimize the screening strategy based on age differences and increase the participation rate of primary screening and colonoscopy to achieve the best effect of local colorectal cancer prevention and treatment.