Objective: As the demand for community mental health services continues to grow, the need for well-equipped and organized services has become apparent. This study aimed to optimize the roles and infrastructure of mental health services, by establishing, among other initiatives, standardized operating models. Methods: The study was conducted in multiple phases from May 12, 2021, to December 29, 2021. Stakeholders within South Korea and metropolitan mental health welfare centers were targeted, but addiction management support centers, including officials, patients, and their families, were integrated as well. A literature review and survey, focus group interviews, a Delphi survey, and expert consultation contributed to comprehensive revisions and improvements of the mental health service model. Results: The proposed model for community mental health welfare centers emphasizes the expansion of personnel and infrastructure, with a focus on severe mental illnesses and suicide prevention. The model for metropolitan mental health welfare centers delineates essential tasks in areas such as project planning and establishment, community research, and education about severe mental illnesses. The establishment of a 24-hour emergency intervention center was a crucial feature. In the integrated addiction support center model, the need to promote addiction management is defined as an essential task and the establishment of national governance for addiction policies is recommended. Conclusion This study proposed standard operating models for three types of mental health service centers. To meet the increasing need for community care, robust mental health service delivery systems are of primary importance.

Objective: As the demand for community mental health services continues to grow, the need for well-equipped and organized services has become apparent. This study aimed to optimize the roles and infrastructure of mental health services, by establishing, among other initiatives, standardized operating models. Methods: The study was conducted in multiple phases from May 12, 2021, to December 29, 2021. Stakeholders within South Korea and metropolitan mental health welfare centers were targeted, but addiction management support centers, including officials, patients, and their families, were integrated as well. A literature review and survey, focus group interviews, a Delphi survey, and expert consultation contributed to comprehensive revisions and improvements of the mental health service model. Results: The proposed model for community mental health welfare centers emphasizes the expansion of personnel and infrastructure, with a focus on severe mental illnesses and suicide prevention. The model for metropolitan mental health welfare centers delineates essential tasks in areas such as project planning and establishment, community research, and education about severe mental illnesses. The establishment of a 24-hour emergency intervention center was a crucial feature. In the integrated addiction support center model, the need to promote addiction management is defined as an essential task and the establishment of national governance for addiction policies is recommended. Conclusion This study proposed standard operating models for three types of mental health service centers. To meet the increasing need for community care, robust mental health service delivery systems are of primary importance.

Objective: As the demand for community mental health services continues to grow, the need for well-equipped and organized services has become apparent. This study aimed to optimize the roles and infrastructure of mental health services, by establishing, among other initiatives, standardized operating models. Methods: The study was conducted in multiple phases from May 12, 2021, to December 29, 2021. Stakeholders within South Korea and metropolitan mental health welfare centers were targeted, but addiction management support centers, including officials, patients, and their families, were integrated as well. A literature review and survey, focus group interviews, a Delphi survey, and expert consultation contributed to comprehensive revisions and improvements of the mental health service model. Results: The proposed model for community mental health welfare centers emphasizes the expansion of personnel and infrastructure, with a focus on severe mental illnesses and suicide prevention. The model for metropolitan mental health welfare centers delineates essential tasks in areas such as project planning and establishment, community research, and education about severe mental illnesses. The establishment of a 24-hour emergency intervention center was a crucial feature. In the integrated addiction support center model, the need to promote addiction management is defined as an essential task and the establishment of national governance for addiction policies is recommended. Conclusion This study proposed standard operating models for three types of mental health service centers. To meet the increasing need for community care, robust mental health service delivery systems are of primary importance.

Objective: As the demand for community mental health services continues to grow, the need for well-equipped and organized services has become apparent. This study aimed to optimize the roles and infrastructure of mental health services, by establishing, among other initiatives, standardized operating models. Methods: The study was conducted in multiple phases from May 12, 2021, to December 29, 2021. Stakeholders within South Korea and metropolitan mental health welfare centers were targeted, but addiction management support centers, including officials, patients, and their families, were integrated as well. A literature review and survey, focus group interviews, a Delphi survey, and expert consultation contributed to comprehensive revisions and improvements of the mental health service model. Results: The proposed model for community mental health welfare centers emphasizes the expansion of personnel and infrastructure, with a focus on severe mental illnesses and suicide prevention. The model for metropolitan mental health welfare centers delineates essential tasks in areas such as project planning and establishment, community research, and education about severe mental illnesses. The establishment of a 24-hour emergency intervention center was a crucial feature. In the integrated addiction support center model, the need to promote addiction management is defined as an essential task and the establishment of national governance for addiction policies is recommended. Conclusion This study proposed standard operating models for three types of mental health service centers. To meet the increasing need for community care, robust mental health service delivery systems are of primary importance.

Objective: As the demand for community mental health services continues to grow, the need for well-equipped and organized services has become apparent. This study aimed to optimize the roles and infrastructure of mental health services, by establishing, among other initiatives, standardized operating models. Methods: The study was conducted in multiple phases from May 12, 2021, to December 29, 2021. Stakeholders within South Korea and metropolitan mental health welfare centers were targeted, but addiction management support centers, including officials, patients, and their families, were integrated as well. A literature review and survey, focus group interviews, a Delphi survey, and expert consultation contributed to comprehensive revisions and improvements of the mental health service model. Results: The proposed model for community mental health welfare centers emphasizes the expansion of personnel and infrastructure, with a focus on severe mental illnesses and suicide prevention. The model for metropolitan mental health welfare centers delineates essential tasks in areas such as project planning and establishment, community research, and education about severe mental illnesses. The establishment of a 24-hour emergency intervention center was a crucial feature. In the integrated addiction support center model, the need to promote addiction management is defined as an essential task and the establishment of national governance for addiction policies is recommended. Conclusion This study proposed standard operating models for three types of mental health service centers. To meet the increasing need for community care, robust mental health service delivery systems are of primary importance.

Purpose: This study was conducted to deeply explore the work experiences of nurses in COVID-19 isolation wards. Methods: Data were collected through one-on-one in-depth interviews with 11 nurses working in COVID-19 isolation wards from November 3 to November 23, 2023. The data were analyzed using Braun and Clarke's inductive thematic analysis. Results: The study identified three categories, seven themes, and 16 sub-themes. The categories were: ‘the reality of unprepared COVID-19 isolation wards’, ‘the ongoing process of change and coordination’, and ‘experiencing confusion in the process of returning to normal’. A common experience among nurses was ‘confusion due to changes’. Initially, there was confusion caused by the unfamiliar environment and lack of a work manual. Subsequently, confusion arose due to changes in the direction of the COVID-19 response. Finally, they experienced confusion in the process of returning to normal life, continually facing uncertainty. Conclusion Strategies are needed to improve the work environment of nurses in isolation wards for future infectious diseases and pandemics. Allocating nursing staff considering infection control tasks and patient care demands, and addressing communication problems in isolation wards is necessary. Routine education on infection control and preparation for emerging infectious diseases should be implemented, and an operational manual for duties in isolation ward should be prepared. Additionally, promoting psychological support systems for disaster response personnel and developing policies to alleviate physical difficulties are needed.

Purpose: This study was conducted to deeply explore the work experiences of nurses in COVID-19 isolation wards. Methods: Data were collected through one-on-one in-depth interviews with 11 nurses working in COVID-19 isolation wards from November 3 to November 23, 2023. The data were analyzed using Braun and Clarke's inductive thematic analysis. Results: The study identified three categories, seven themes, and 16 sub-themes. The categories were: ‘the reality of unprepared COVID-19 isolation wards’, ‘the ongoing process of change and coordination’, and ‘experiencing confusion in the process of returning to normal’. A common experience among nurses was ‘confusion due to changes’. Initially, there was confusion caused by the unfamiliar environment and lack of a work manual. Subsequently, confusion arose due to changes in the direction of the COVID-19 response. Finally, they experienced confusion in the process of returning to normal life, continually facing uncertainty. Conclusion Strategies are needed to improve the work environment of nurses in isolation wards for future infectious diseases and pandemics. Allocating nursing staff considering infection control tasks and patient care demands, and addressing communication problems in isolation wards is necessary. Routine education on infection control and preparation for emerging infectious diseases should be implemented, and an operational manual for duties in isolation ward should be prepared. Additionally, promoting psychological support systems for disaster response personnel and developing policies to alleviate physical difficulties are needed.

Purpose: This study was conducted to deeply explore the work experiences of nurses in COVID-19 isolation wards. Methods: Data were collected through one-on-one in-depth interviews with 11 nurses working in COVID-19 isolation wards from November 3 to November 23, 2023. The data were analyzed using Braun and Clarke's inductive thematic analysis. Results: The study identified three categories, seven themes, and 16 sub-themes. The categories were: ‘the reality of unprepared COVID-19 isolation wards’, ‘the ongoing process of change and coordination’, and ‘experiencing confusion in the process of returning to normal’. A common experience among nurses was ‘confusion due to changes’. Initially, there was confusion caused by the unfamiliar environment and lack of a work manual. Subsequently, confusion arose due to changes in the direction of the COVID-19 response. Finally, they experienced confusion in the process of returning to normal life, continually facing uncertainty. Conclusion Strategies are needed to improve the work environment of nurses in isolation wards for future infectious diseases and pandemics. Allocating nursing staff considering infection control tasks and patient care demands, and addressing communication problems in isolation wards is necessary. Routine education on infection control and preparation for emerging infectious diseases should be implemented, and an operational manual for duties in isolation ward should be prepared. Additionally, promoting psychological support systems for disaster response personnel and developing policies to alleviate physical difficulties are needed.

Purpose: This study was conducted to deeply explore the work experiences of nurses in COVID-19 isolation wards. Methods: Data were collected through one-on-one in-depth interviews with 11 nurses working in COVID-19 isolation wards from November 3 to November 23, 2023. The data were analyzed using Braun and Clarke's inductive thematic analysis. Results: The study identified three categories, seven themes, and 16 sub-themes. The categories were: ‘the reality of unprepared COVID-19 isolation wards’, ‘the ongoing process of change and coordination’, and ‘experiencing confusion in the process of returning to normal’. A common experience among nurses was ‘confusion due to changes’. Initially, there was confusion caused by the unfamiliar environment and lack of a work manual. Subsequently, confusion arose due to changes in the direction of the COVID-19 response. Finally, they experienced confusion in the process of returning to normal life, continually facing uncertainty. Conclusion Strategies are needed to improve the work environment of nurses in isolation wards for future infectious diseases and pandemics. Allocating nursing staff considering infection control tasks and patient care demands, and addressing communication problems in isolation wards is necessary. Routine education on infection control and preparation for emerging infectious diseases should be implemented, and an operational manual for duties in isolation ward should be prepared. Additionally, promoting psychological support systems for disaster response personnel and developing policies to alleviate physical difficulties are needed.

Background: Primary cicatricial alopecia (PCA) is a rare disease that causes irreversible destruction of hair follicles and affects the quality of life (QOL). Objective: We aimed to investigate the disease awareness, medical use behavior, QOL, and real-world diagnosis and treatment status of patients with PCA. Methods: A self-administered questionnaire was administered to patients with PCA and their dermatologists. Patients aged between 19 and 75 years who visited one of 27 dermatology departments between September 2021 and September 2022 were included. Results: In total, 274 patients were included. The male-to-female ratio was 1:1.47, with a mean age of 45.7 years. Patients with neutrophilic and mixed PCA were predominantly male and younger than those with lymphocytic PCA. Among patients with lymphocytic PCA, lichen planopilaris was the most common type, and among those with neutrophilic PCA, folliculitis decalvans was the most common type. Among the total patients, 28.8% were previously diagnosed with PCA, 47.0% were diagnosed with PCA at least 6 months after their first hospital visit, 20.0% received early treatment within 3 months of disease onset, and 54.4% received steady treatment. More than half of the patients had a moderate to severe impairment in QOL. Topical/intralesional steroid injections were the most common treatment. Systemic immunosuppressants were frequently prescribed to patients with lymphocytic PCA, and antibiotics were mostly prescribed to patients with neutrophilic PCA. Conclusion This study provides information on the disease awareness, medical use behavior, QOL, diagnosis, and treatment status of Korean patients with PCA. This can help dermatologists educate patients with PCA to understand the necessity for early diagnosis and steady treatment.