Objective:To investigate the influencing factors of breakthrough cancer pain (BTcP) in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer.Methods:According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, patients with advanced pancreatic cancer who were diagnosed and followed up by outpatient service in the 909th Hospital of the Joint Logistic Support Force from January 2019 to December 2020 were prospectively selected as the study subjects. According to whether breakthrough cancer pain occurred, all patients were divided into observation group (breakthrough cancer pain) and control group (no breakthrough cancer pain). The relevant clinical data of the included patients including age, gender, presence or absence of vomit, constipation, sleep disruption, frequency of basic pain every week, with or without regular medication, heavy physical labor, with or without vascular invasion, bone metastasis, abdominal metastasis and lung metastasis, as well as whether surgery, radiotherapy or chemotherapy were collected and the data of evaluation indicators during follow-up were recorded. Digital pain score (NRS) and visual analog score (VAS) were used as pain evaluation score. Univariate and logistic regression were used to analyze the related influencing factors of breakthrough cancer pain. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was drawn, and area under curve (AUC), sensitivity and specificity were calculated to analyze the predictive value for breakthrough cancer pain.Results:A total of 173 patients were included in the study, with 49 cases in the observation group and 124 cases in the control group. Univariate analysis showed that aged ≥50 years old, constipation, sleep disruption, frequency of basic pain ≥3 times, irregular medication, heavy physical labor, bone metastasis, lung metastasis, radiochemotherapy, high NRS score and high VAS score were the influencing factors for breakthrough cancer pain (all P value <0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that irregular medication ( OR=1.879, 95% CI 2.473-4.757, P=0.002), basal pain ≥3 times ( OR=2.067, 95% CI 1.364-6.825, P=0.004), bone metastasis ( OR=2.756, 95% CI 1.153-5.846, P<0.001), NRS score ( OR=3.787, 95% CI 2.647-5.958, P<0.001), VAS score ( OR=2.684, 95% CI 1.545-7.878, P<0.001), were the risk factors for breakthrough cancer pain. The AUC of NRS score for predicting the occurrence of breakthrough cancer pain was 0.665 (95% CI0.573-0.757, P=0.001), and the cut-off value was 2.5 score with a sensitivity of 61.2% and a specificity of 77.1%. The AUC for predicting breakthrough cancer pain by VAS score was 0.608 (95% CI0.515-0.701, P=0.028), and the cut-off value was 2.5 score with a sensitivity of 67.9% and a specificity of 63.7%. The AUC of NRS+ VAS score for predicting breakthrough cancer pain was 0.692 (95% CI0.604-0.780), and the cut-off value was 4.5 score with a sensitivity of 81.6% and a specificity of 79.8%. Conclusions:Patients with advanced pancreatic cancer have a high incidence of breakthrough cancer pain, which was related to a variety of factors. NRS combined with VAS score can effectively predict the occurrence of breakthrough cancer pain.

Objective:To identify the risk factors for acute lung injury (ALI) after pediatric living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) and evaluate the predictive value.Methods:The pediatric patients (all diagnosed with congenital biliary atresia) who underwent parental liver transplantation in our center from January to December 2021 were selected. Perioperative data were obtained through the electronic medical record system, and the pediatric patients were divided into non-ALI group and ALI group according to whether ALI occurred or not at 1 week after surgery. The factors of which P values were less than 0.05 between groups would enter the multivariate logistic regression analysis to stratify the risk factors for ALI after pediatric LDLT, and the value of the risk factors in predicting intraoperative ALI was evaluated using the receiver operating characteristic curve. Results:A total of 140 pediatric patients were enrolled in the analysis, and the incidence of ALI was 30.7%. The results of the multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that preoperative pediatric end-stage liver disease score, preoperative serum NT-pro-BNP concentrations, intraoperative volume of fluid transfused, and duration of postreperfusion syndrome were independent risk factors for ALI after LDLT in pediatric patients ( P<0.05). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the preoperative N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide(NT-pro-BNP) concentration in predicting postoperative ALI was 0.737 ( P<0.001), with a cutoff value of 222.1 ng/L, sensitivity of 0.628, and specificity of 0.732. Conclusions:Preoperative pediatric end-stage liver disease score, serum NT-pro-BNP concentrations, intraoperative volume of fluid transfused, and duration of postreperfusion syndrome are independent risk factors for ALI after LDLT in pediatric patients; preoperative serum NT-pro-BNP concentrations can effectively predict the development of ALI after pediatric LDLT surgery.

Objective:To evaluate the effect of stroke volume variation(SVV) goal-directed fluid therapy on postoperative pulmonary complications(PPCs) after pediatric living donor liver transplantation.Methods:One hundred and twenty pediatric patients undergoing pediatric living-donor liver transplantation(all diagnosed with congenital biliary atresia) were divided into 2 groups( n=60 each) using the random number table method: control group and SVV group. Intraoperative fluid management was guided by central venous pressure and mean arterial pressure in control group, while by SVV combined with cardiac output in SVV group. Intraoperative circulation, fluid intake and usage of vasoactive drug were recorded. Central venous blood samples were collected to determine the concentrations of serum Clara cell 16 kDa protein, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha before anesthesia(T 0), at the end of anhepatic phase(T 1), at 3 h of neohepatic phase(T 2), at the end of surgery(T 3) and at 24 h after operation(T 4). Pulmonary ultrasonography was performed before surgery, at the end of surgery and at 1, 3 and 7 days after surgery. The pediatric patients were followed up for 1 week after surgery to record the PPCs, including acute lung injury, pulmonary infection, pulmonary atelectasis, pleural effusion and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Results:Compared with control group, the incidence of PPCs, acute lung injury and pulmonary infection was significantly decreased, the pulmonary ultrasound score was decreased at the end of surgery and at 1, 3 and 7 days after surgery, the usage of intraoperative dobutamine was increased, the duration of postreperfusion syndrome was shortened, the fluid intake and epinephrine usage were reduced, and the serum Clara cell 16 kDa protein, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 concentrations were decreased at T 1-T 4 in SVV group( P<0.05). Conclusions:SVV goal-directed fluid management can reduce the development of PPCs in pediatric living donor liver transplantation.

Objective:To explore the effect of intensive insulin therapy on hemodynamics and cardiac function in organ donors.Methods:A total of 60 organ donors were randomly divided into two groups of intensive insulin therapy(IIT)and control(30cases each group). Blood glucose was adjusted at 6.2~10.0 mmol/L in control group and 4.4~6.1 mmol/L in IIT group.Blood glucose and insulin dosage during maintenance were recorded.Cardiac function values as well as serum inflammatory factor concentrations at admission and during donation were compared between two groups.Results:During maintenance, blood glucose was significantly lower in IIT group than that in control group [(5.1±0.6)vs(8.2±1.5)mmol/L, P<0.05] and insulin dosage was higher than that in control group [(9.5±3.2)vs(5.8±1.5)U/h, P<0.05]. As compared with control group, cardiac cycle efficiency(CCE), maximal rate of elevated pressure(DP/DT max)and left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF)in were significantly higher in IIT group than those of control group.And serum cardiac troponin I(cTnI), N-terminal B-type natriuretic peptide(NT-Pro-BNP), interleukin-6(IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)and high mobility group box-1 protein(HMGB1)as well as vasoactive-inotropic score(VIS)were significantly lower than those in control group( P<0.05). As compared with control group, cardiac donation rate of IIT group was significantly higher(30% vs 16.7%, P<0.05). Conclusions:Intensive insulin therapy and blood glucose control may blunt inflammatory response in organ donors, lessen myocardial injury and myocardial depression, stabilize hemodynamics and boost the rate of cardiac donation.

Objective:To evaluate the myocardial protective effect of goal-directed circulation management guided by cardiac index (CI) monitored by pressure recording analytical method (PRAM) in infants undergoing pediatric liver transplantation.Methods:A total of 120 pediatric patients, aged 5-15 months, weighing 5.5-10.0 kg, scheduled for elective living donor liver transplantation (all diagnosed with congenital biliary atresia) were selected and divided into 2 groups ( n=60 each) using a random number table method: routine group (group R) and goal-directed management guided by CI group (group CI-G). Patients in group R received routine hemodynamic monitoring according to central venous pressure (CVP), continuous invasive arterial pressure, blood gas analysis and other monitoring methods to guide intraoperative circulation management.Patients in CI-G group received intraoperative hemodynamic monitoring through radial artery using PRAM/Mostcare, and related treatments were guided by PRAM hemodynamic monitoring indicators.The intraoperative volume of fluid intake, highest and lowest values of parameters of hemodynamics such as heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP) and CVP, the maximum fluctuations (△ RHR, △ RMAP and △ RCVP) and the development of reperfusion syndrome within 5 min of reperfusion were recorded.At the beginning of anesthesia (T 0), at 5 min before reperfusion (T 1), at 30 min of neohepatic phase (T 2), at 3 h of neohepatic phase (T 3) and at 12 h after operation (T 4), concentrations of serum cardiac troponin I (cTnI), N-terminal plasma brain natriuretic peptide precursor (NT-pro-BNP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and high mobility group protein B1 (HMGB1) were determined.Mechanical ventilation time, duration of intensive care unit (ICU) stay, the development of heart failure and pulmonary infection, length of hospital stay were recorded. Results:Compared with group R, the intraoperative volume of fluid intake, highest value of CVP, △ RHR, △ RMAP and the incidence of reperfusion syndrome were significantly decreased, lowest value of MAP was increased, concentrations of serum cTnI, NT-pro-BNP, IL-6, TNF-α and HMGB1 was decreased, mechanical ventilation time and duration of ICU were shortened, and the incidence of heart failure during ICU stay were decreased in group CI-G( P<0.05). Conclusion:The goal-directed circulation management guided by CI monitored by PRAM can accurately guide the use of volume and vasoactive drugs, stabilize circulation, which can produce myocardial protective effect to some extent in infants undergoing pediatric liver transplantation.

Objective:To detect serum levels of vitamin A (Vit A), vitamin D(Vit D)25-hydroxy vitamin D[25-(OH)D] and vitamin E(Vit E) in children aged 0-6 years in Tibetan Plateau of Garzi Prefecture, thus providing references for physical examinations and prevention of 4 key diseases (rickets, malnutrition anemia, pneumonia and diarrhea) in children in plateau areas by relevant government departments.Methods:A total of 2 122 children who participated in physical examination in 12 townships of Xiangcheng County and 14 townships of Daocheng County, Garzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan Province from April 2017 to April 2019 with 0-6 years old were recruited for surveying physical measurements and collection of venous blood.Serum Vit A and Vit E levels were detected by high performance liquid chromatography.Serum levels of 25-(OH)D were detected by high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry.The relationship between Vit A, Vit E and 25-(OH)D levels with the gender, age, seasonal change and altitude was analyzed.Results:The serum Vit A level, subclinical Vit A deficiency rate and marginal vitamin A deficiency rate were(1.05±0.27) μmol/L, 8.15%(173/2 122 cases) and 45.99%(976/2 122 cases), respectively in 2 122 children with 0-6 years old.There were significant differences in the serum Vit A level, the subclinical Vit A deficiency rate and the marginal vitamin A deficiency rate in children with different ages, seasons and altitudes (all P<0.05). The serum level of 25-(OH)D and 25-(OH)D deficiency rate insufficient rate were (24.65±6.45) ng/L, 6.03%(128/2 122 cases) and 16.59%(352/2 122 cases), respectively.There were significant differences in the serum level of 25-(OH)D, 25-(OH)D deficiency rate and 25-(OH)D insufficient rate in children with different ages and seasons (all P<0.05). The mean serum Vit E level, Vit E deficiency rate and Vit E insufficient rate were (7.81±1.74) mg/L, 2.78%(59/2 122 cases) and 29.59%(628/2 122 cases), respectively.There were significant differences in serum Vit E level, Vit E deficiency rate and Vit E insufficient rate in children with different ages and seasons (all P<0.05). The mean serum levels of Vit A and Vit D remained the lowest before the age of 1 year, and their deficiencies at this age were the most significant.The mean serum level of Vit E remained the lowest in >1-2 years old, and its deficiency and insufficient at this age were the most significant.Vit A, D and E levels were significantly affected by seasonal changes, which were significantly higher in the summer than in the spring, autumn and winter.In addition, Vit A and 25-(OH)D were significantly affected by the altitude, which were the lowest above 4 km altitude. Conclusions:The overall serum levels of Vit A, 25-(OH) D and E in children with 0-6 years old in Tibetan Plateau areas of Ganzi Prefecture are lower than those in plain areas.Vit A, 25-(OH) D and Vit E levels significantly differed in the age, season and altitude, which are related to the lack of local resources, insufficient maternal nutrition during pregnancy and insufficient intake after birth, as well as temperature and light caused by changes in local seasons and altitude.Therefore, it is necessary to make reasonable supplements during pregnancy to prevent vitamin deficiency.

Objective:To explore the effect of cardiac output-guided hemodynamic management on acute kidney injury(AKI)during pediatric liver transplantation.Methods:A total of 120 pediatric living-donor liver transplantation recipients were randomly divided into two groups of control and experiment(60 cases each group). Control group received routine hemodynamic management of central venous pressure(CVP), continuous invasive arterial pressure and blood gas analysis.Experiment group was subjected to cardiac output-guided hemodynamic management guided by cardiac index, stroke volume index, stroke volume variation and left ventricular contractility index (DP/DTmax). Intraoperative hemodynamics and incidence of AKI were recorded.And the serum changes of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin(NGAL), cystatin C(CysC)and inflammatory factors were analyzed.Results:The incidence of AKI was lower in experiment group than that in control group(26.7% vs 45%). The incidence of postreperfusion syndrome(PRS), intraoperative fluid infusion and maximal value of CVP were lower while minimal value of mean arterial pressure(MAP)higher in experiment group than those in control group( P<0.05). The serum levels of NGAL, CysC, interleukin-6(IL-6), interleukin-18(IL-18)and tumor necrosis level-alpha(TNF-α)were lower in experiment group than those in control group at each timepoint from 3 h post-reperfusion to 48 h post-operation( P<0.05). Conclusions:During pediatric living-donor liver transplantation, cardiac output-guided hemodynamic management is conducive to more accurate fluid management.It can stabilize circulation, minimize PRS and reduce the occurrence of AKI during perioperative period.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the clinical value of individualized pharmaceutical services for patients receiving vancomycin for severe infections and establish clinical monitoring procedures during vancomycin treatment. METHODS: Data were collected from patients with severe infections who received vancomycin treatment with individualized pharmacy services (test group, 144 cases) or without such services (control group, 884 cases) between January, 2017 and December, 2018. Using propensity score matching, the patients in the two groups with comparable baseline data were selected for inclusion in the study (62 in each group), and the efficacy, safety and economic indicators were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: The curative effects of the treatment did not differ significantly between the two groups, with the overall response rates of 95.16% in the test group and 91.94% in the control group ( CONCLUSIONS The participation of clinical pharmacists during the treatment can improve the clinical benefits of vancomycin in patients with severe infections.
Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use* ; Humans ; Infections/drug therapy* ; Pharmaceutical Services ; Retrospective Studies ; Vancomycin/therapeutic use*

Objective To evaluate the role of necroptosis in intestinal injury induced by autologous orthotopic liver transplantation ( AOLT) in rats. Methods Twenty-four SPF adult male Sprague-Dawley rats, aged 10-12 weeks, weighing 250-280 g, were divided into 3 groups ( n=8 each) using a random number table method: sham operation group ( group S) , AOLT group ( group T) and necroptosis inhibitor necrostatin-1 group ( group N) . Necrostatin-11. 0 mg∕kg and the equal volume of dimethyl sulfoxide ( DM-SO) were intraperitoneally injected at 30 min before surgery in N and T groups, respectively. Blood samples were collected from the inferior vena cava at 6 h after opening the portal vein ( at 6 h after the end of surgery in group S) for determination of serum diamine oxidase ( DAO) , D-lactic acid ( D-LA) and intestinal fatty acid binding protein ( I-FABP ) concentrations by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Rats were sacrificed after blood sampling, and the intestine was removed for examination of the pathological changes ( with a light microscope ) and for determination of malondialdehyde ( MDA ) contents and superoxide dismutase ( SOD) activities ( using a spectrophotometer) , and the expression of receptor-interacting protein kinase-1 ( RIPK1) , RIPK3 and mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein ( MLKL) in intestinal tissues ( by Western blot) . Intestinal damage was assessed and scored using Chiu' s scoring system. Results Compared with group S, the serum DAO, D-LA and I-FABP concentrations, MDA content and Chiu's score were signifi-cantly increased, SOD activity was decreased, and the expression of RIPK1, RIPK3 and MLKL was up-regulated in group T ( P<0. 05) . Compared with group T, the serum DAO, D-LA and I-FABP concentra-tions, MDA content and Chiu's score were significantly decreased, the SOD activity was increased, and the expression of RIPK1, RIPK3 and MLKL was down-regulated in group N ( P<0. 05) . Conclusion Ne-croptosis is involved in the pathophysiological process of intestinal injury induced by AOLT in rats.

CD36, the major scavenger receptor, is intimately involved in the uptake of oxLDL in macrophages. To further study the function of CD36 in macrophages, we constructed CD36 gene silence cell lines (J774A.1) by lentivirus-mediated RNA interference technique, and analyzed the effect of CD36 in caveolin-1 protein expression. At first, 5 shRNA fragments were designed and synthesized according to the coding sequence (CDS) region of CD36 gene. Next, the CD36-shRNA was inserted into lentiviral vector to yield pLKO.1-CD36-shRNA plasmid. After DNA sequencing, the pLKO.1-CD36-shRNA plasmid and psiCHECK-II-CD36 were co-transfected into the 293T cells to screen the efficient CD36-shRNA. The efficient CD36-shRNA plasmid and the helper plasmid were co-transfected into the 293T cells to package the lentivirus, and then infected the J774A.1 cells. After screening by puromycin, CD36 gene silence cell lines (J774A.1) was established. Western blotting and confocal fluorescence microscopy results showed that the CD36 silencing efficiency in the gene silence cell line was 90%. Accompanied by a decrease in CD36 protein on cell surface, oxLDL binding to CD36 was significantly inhibited, indicating that the CD36 gene silence cell line is successfully established. Finally, the oxLDL stimulation and inhibitor experiments results showed that the CD36 knockdown significantly suppresses the phosphorylation of JNK and ERK, thereby inhibiting the oxLDL-induced caveolin-1 protein expression, demonstrating that CD36 modulates the caveolin-1 protein expression through the JNK/ERK-mediated signaling transduction.