The main pathogenesis of chronic cough in children is the disorder of ascending and descending of qi movement caused by healthy qi deficiency and pathogenic qi retention. The deficiency of lung， spleen， and kidney is the root of the disease， and the retention of phlegm-fluid， food accumulation， and fire from constraint is the branch pathogenesis of the disease. In the treatment， we should reinforce and tonify healthy qi， dispel pathogen and regulate qi， with Yupingfeng Powder （玉屏风散） as the basic prescription. For lung qi deficiency syndrome， modified Yupingfeng Powder could be used for supplementing lung to consolidate the exterior； for lung and spleen qi deficiency syndrome， modified Yupingfeng Powder plus Shenling Baizhu Powder （参苓白术散） could be used for supplementing lung and fortifying the spleen， treating with both supplementation and transformation； for lung kidney qi deficiency syndrome， modified Yupingfeng Powder combined with Suzi Jiangqi Decoction （苏子降气汤） could be used for supplementing lung and replenishing kidneys， absorbing qi to the root. All the above prescriptions could combine the method of dispelling phlegm， promoting digestion and guiding out food stagnation， soothing the liver and draining fire to remove the solid pathogens， in order to treat the root and branch simultaneously， and the cough will stop if the ascending and descending of qi movement recover as usual.

Electrochemiluminescence(ECL)refers to the process of luminescence triggered by high-energy electron transfer between intermediate products during the oxidation-reduction reaction on the electrode surface.In the co-reactants involved ECL process,the presence of co-reaction accelerators can effectively catalyze the decomposition of co-reactants,leading to the generation of abundant free radical intermediates,thereby significantly enhancing the ECL signals.This plays a critical role in constructing simple,sensitive,and efficient ECL sensing platforms.This review focused on the novel co-reaction accelerators developed in recent years.Based on different types of co-reaction accelerator materials,including single atom catalysts,metal-based nanomaterials,polymers and other materials,the ECL reaction process and signal enhancement mechanisms,as well as their relevant applications in constructing ECL sensing platforms,were elucidated.Furthermore,the current research challenges and development prospect of co-reaction accelerators were also discussed.

Objective To investigate the distribution of the traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)constitution types in the patients with nonspecific low back pain(NLBP)and to explore the correlation of the thickness of ligamentum flavum with the age,body mass index(BMI),gender,the presence of diabetes mellitus,and the grading of hypertension.Methods Sixty patients with NLBP admitted to Guangdong Second Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital from January 2023 to June 2023 were selected as the study subjects.The TCM constitution types of the patients were identified,the thickness of the ligamentum flavum at lumbar vertebrae 4/5 segment(L4/5)disc level was measured by computerized tomography(CT)scanning,and the patients'age,genders,TCM constitution types,BMI,the presence or absence of diabetes mellitus,and hypertension grading were recorded.Correlation analysis and linear regression analysis were used for the exploration of the relevant influencing factors for the thickness of the ligamentum flavum of patients with NLBP.Results(1)The average thickness of ligamentum flavum in the 60 patients with NLBP was(2.60±0.72)mm.(2)The TCM constitutions of NLBP patients were classified into four types,of which blood stasis constitution was the most common,accounting for 21 cases(35.0%),followed by 19 cases(31.7%)of damp-heat constitution,12 cases(20.0%)of phlegm-damp constitution,and 8 cases(13.3%)of qi deficiency constitution.(3)The results of correlation analysis showed that BMI,gender,TCM constitution type and the presence or absence of diabetes mellitus had no influence on the thickness of ligamentum flavum in NLBP patients(P＞0.05),while the age and hypertension grading had an influence on the thickness of ligamentum flavum(P＜0.01).(4)The results of linear regression analysis showed that the age had an influence on the thickness of the ligamentum flavum(b = 0.034,t = 6.282,P＜0.01),while the influence of the hypertension grading had no influence on the thickness of the ligamentum flavum(P＞0.05).Conclusion The TCM constitution type of NLBP patients is predominated by blood stasis constitution,the thickness of ligamentum flavum is significantly affected by the age,and hypertension may be a potential factor affecting the thickness of ligamentum flavum.

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of"triple-posture positive bone-setting"chiropractic manipulation combined with Tongluo Huoxue Formula for the treatment of lumbar spinal stenosis(LSS)with qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome.Methods Sixty patients with LSS of qi deficiency and blood stasis type were randomly divided into trial group and control group,with 30 cases in each group.The trial group was treated with"triple-posture positive bone-setting"chiropractic manipulation(a chiropractic manipulation performed under the positive cooperation of the patients at three postures)combined with Tongluo Huoxue Formula,while the control group was treated with"triple-posture positive bone-setting"chiropractic manipulation combined with conventional western medicine.The course of treatment for the two groups covered 4 weeks.Before and after treatment,the patients of the two groups were observed in the changes of pain visual analogue scale(VAS)score,Japanese Orthopedic Association(JOA)score of lumbar function,Oswestry Disability Index(ODI)score,straight-leg raising test results and serum interleukin 6(IL-6)and C-reactive protein(CRP)levels.After treatment,the clinical efficacy and safety of the two groups were evaluated.Results(1)After 4 weeks of treatment,the total effective rate of the trial group was 96.67％(29/30)and that of the control group was 63.33％(19/30).The intergroup comparison(tested by Fisher's exact test)showed that the clinical efficacy of the trial group was significantly superior to that of the control group(P＜0.05).(2)After treatment,the lumbar function indicators of pain VAS scores and ODI scores in the trial group were significantly lower(P＜0.05),and the JOA scores were significantly higher than those before treatment(P＜0.05),while in the control group,only the ODI scores were significantly lower than those before treatment(P＜0.05).The intergroup comparison showed that the decrease of VAS and ODI scores and the increase of JOA scores in the trial group were significantly superior to those in the control group(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).(3)After treatment,the Laseque s sign of the trial group was significantly improved compared with that before treatment(P＜0.05),while no significant improvement was presented in the control group(P＞0.05).The intergroup comparison showed that the improvement of Laseque's sign in the trial group was significantly superior to that in the control group(P＜0.01).(4)After treatment,the levels of serum inflammatory factors of IL-6 and CRP in the two groups were lower than those before treatment(P＜0.05),and the decrease of serum IL-6 level in the trial group was significantly superior to that in the control group(P＜0.05),but CRP level in the two groups after treatment did not differ from that before treatment,no statistically significant difference was shown between the two groups after treatment,either(P＞0.05).(5)The incidence of adverse reactions in the trial group was 6.67％(2/30)and that in the control group was 13.33％(4/30),and the intergroup comparison(by Fisher's exact test)showed that there was no significant difference between the two groups(P＞0.05).Conclusion The therapeutic effect of"triple-posture positive bone-setting"chiropractic manipulation combined with Tongluo Huoxue Formula exert certain effect for the treatment of LSS patients with qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome,and it has more obvious advantages in improving the lumbar function,promoting the rehabilitation of the patients,and lowering the level of serum inflammatory factors than"triple-posture positive bone-setting"chiropractic manipulation combined with conventional western medication.

[Abstract] Objective To establish an inflammation model by stimulating BV2 microglia by lipopolysaccharide, and to explore the regulation effect of ginsenoside Rg1 on inflammation by activating peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ(PPARγ) receptor protein. Methods BV2 microglia were randomly divided into control group, model group, ginsenoside Rg1 group, rosiglitazone group and GW9662 group. The control group did not do any treatment, the model group was treated with 1 mg/ L lipopolysaccharide, and the other groups were treated with lipopolysaccharide added with 0. 4 mmol/ L ginsenoside Rg1, 10 μmol/ L rosiglitazone or 10 μmol/ L respectively. GW9662. The proliferation of BV2 microglia in each group was detected by CCK-8 method; PPAR-γ, phospho-NF-κB p65 (p-NF-κB p65), induced expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS) and human arginase 1(ARG-1) proteins. ELISA was used to detect the inflammatory factors interleukin-1β(IL-1β), interleukin-6(IL-6), interleukin-8(IL-8) and the content of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Results Compared with the control group, the cell proliferation rate in the model group was significantly increased, and the contents of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α increased significantly. The result of immunofluorescence and Western blotting showed that iNOS and p-NF-κB p65 increased significantly, and the positive expressions of PPARγ and ARG-1 decreased significantly(both P<0. 01). The expression level of TNF-α decreased, the positive expressions of iNOS and p-NF-κB p65 decreased significantly, and the positive expressions of PPARγ and ARG-1 increased significantly(all P<0. 01). Conclusion Ginsenoside Rg1 inhibits the inflammatory response of BV2 microglia after lipopolysaccharide stimulation, and its mechanism may be related to the regulation of PPARγ/ NF-κB pathway to promote the M2-type polarization of microglia.

Infectious bone defect is bone defect with infection or as a result of treatment of bone infection. It requires surgical intervention, and the treatment processes are complex and long, which include bone infection control,bone defect repair and even complex soft tissue reconstructions in some cases. Failure to achieve the goals in any step may lead to the failure of the overall treatment. Therefore, infectious bone defect has been a worldwide challenge in the field of orthopedics. Conventionally, sequestrectomy, bone grafting, bone transport, and systemic/local antibiotic treatment are standard therapies. Radical debridement remains one of the cornerstones for the management of bone infection. However, the scale of debridement and the timing and method of bone defect reconstruction remain controversial. With the clinical application of induced membrane technique, effective infection control and rapid bone reconstruction have been achieved in the management of infectious bone defect. The induced membrane technique has attracted more interests and attention, but the lack of understanding the basic principles of infection control and technical details may hamper the clinical outcomes of induced membrane technique and complications can possibly occur. Therefore, the Chinese Orthopedic Association organized domestic orthopedic experts to formulate An evidence-based clinical guideline for the treatment of infectious bone defect with induced membrane technique ( version 2023) according to the evidence-based method and put forward recommendations on infectious bone defect from the aspects of precise diagnosis, preoperative evaluation, operation procedure, postoperative management and rehabilitation, so as to provide useful references for the treatment of infectious bone defect with induced membrane technique.

BACKGROUND: The relationship between quality of life at three months after lung cancer surgery and different surgical approaches is remains unclear. This study aimed to compare the quality of life of patients three months after uniportal and multiportal thoracoscopic lobectomy. METHODS: Data from patients who underwent lung surgery at the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sichuan Cancer Hospital between April 2021 and October 2021 were collected. The European Organization for Research and Treatment of Quality of Life Questionnaire-Core 30 (EORTC QLQ-C30) and Quality of Life Questionnaire-Lung Cancer 29 (EORTC QLQ-LC29) were used to collect quality of life data of the patients. Potential confounding factors in the baseline data were included in a multivariate regression model for adjustment, and the quality of life of the two groups three months postoperatively was compared with traditional clinical outcomes. RESULTS: A total of 130 lung cancer patients were included, with 57 males (43.8%) and 73 females (56.2%), and an average age of (57.1±9.5) yr. In the baseline data of the two groups, there was a statistical difference in the number of chest drainage tubes placed (P<0.001). After adjustment with the regression model, at three months postoperatively, there were no significant differences in all symptoms and functional status scores between the two groups (all P>0.05). The multiportal group had longer surgery time (120.0 min vs 85.0 min, P=0.001), postoperative hospital stay (6.0 d vs 4.0 d, P=0.020), and a higher incidence of early ≥ grade 2 complications (39.0% vs 10.1%, P=0.011) compared to the uniportal group. CONCLUSIONS Patients undergoing uniportal and multiportal thoracoscopic lobectomy have similar quality of life at three months postoperatively. The uniportal group may have certain advantages in terms of traditional clinical outcome indicators such as operation time, postoperative hospital stay, and early postoperative complications.
Male ; Female ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms/surgery* ; Quality of Life ; Thoracic Surgery, Video-Assisted/adverse effects* ; Pneumonectomy/adverse effects* ; Postoperative Complications/surgery* ; Retrospective Studies

In this study, we employed Q Exactive to determine the main differential metabolites of Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex du-ring the "sweating" process. Further, we quantified the color parameters and determined the activities of polyphenol oxidase(PPO), peroxidase(POD), and tyrosinase of Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex during the "sweating" process. Gray correlation analysis was performed for the color, chemical composition, and enzyme activity to reveal the effect of enzymatic reaction on the color of Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex during the "sweating" process. Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex sweating in different manners showed similar metabolite changes. The primary metabolites that changed significantly included amino acids, nucleotides, and sugars, and the secondary metabolites with significant changes were phenols and phenylpropanoids. Despite the different sweating methods, eleven compounds were commonly up-regulated, including L-glutamic acid, acetylarginine, hypoxanthine, and xanthine; six compounds were commonly down-re-gulated, including L-arginine, L-aspartic acid, and phenylalanine. The brightness value(L~*), red-green value(a~*), and yellow-blue value(b~*) of Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex kept decreasing during the "sweating" process. The changes in the activities of PPO and POD during sweating were consistent with those in the color parameter values. The gray correlation analysis demonstrated that the main differential metabolites such as amino acids and phenols were closely related to the color parameters L~*, a~* and b~*; POD was correlated with amino acids and phenols; PPO had strong correlation with phenols. The results indicated that the color change of Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex during "sweating" was closely related to the reactions of enzymes dominated by PPO and POD. The study analyzed the correlations among the main differential metabolites, color parameters, and enzyme activities of Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex in the "sweating" process. It reveals the common law of material changes and ascertains the relationship between color changes and enzymatic reactions of Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex during "sweating". Therefore, this study provides a reference for studying the "sweating" mechanism of Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex and is of great significance to guarantee the quality of Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex.
Magnolia/chemistry* ; Quality Control ; Sweating

Different from other trauma, the scar and pigmentation formed after healing of burn wound not only hinder beauty but also easily lead to a series of sequential psychological problems, such as depression and anxiety. Music therapy, as a supplementary treatment, is widely used in many fields including medical and health care and psychological regulation. However, affected by factors such as medical resources, the awareness and acceptance of music therapy among burn treatment workers in China are still low. Based on the clinical characteristics of burns, this paper matches the applicability of music therapy with it, summarizes the supplementary application of music therapy in the field of burn treatment, expounds this natural science with both science and aesthetics, and puts forward feasible suggestions for its future development.
Anxiety ; Burns/therapy* ; Cicatrix ; Humans ; Music Therapy ; Wound Healing

Metabolic changes are recognized as one of the hallmarks of cancer cells. Previous studies have shown that hypoxia can change the glucose metabolism of cancer cells. However, the mechanisms still need to be studied in detail. In this study, by using RNA-Sequencing (RNA-seq) and bioinformatics analysis, we found that there is a significant change in the expression of 334 genes in BT549 cells and 215 genes in MDA-MB-231 cells induced by hypoxia at the mRNA level. Most of these genes were associated with glucose metabolism. RNA-seq data, Western blot, enzyme activity assays, and metabolite quantification experiments showed that the glucose uptake increased by elevating the expression of glucose transporter protein 1 (GLUT1) in BT549 cells and GLUT1 and GLUT3 in MDA-MB-231 cells induced by hypoxia. Hypoxia promotes glycolysis by increasing the expression of at least one isozyme or enzyme protein subunit of the enzymes that catalyze the each reaction in the glycolysis pathway, as well as the regulatory enzymes 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2, 6-biphosphatase 3 (PFKFB3) and 4 (PFKFB4) isozymes. Hypoxia increases the expression of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 (PDK1) and PDK3 and reduces the expression of isocitrate dehydrogenase 3(IDH3), succinate dehydrogenase subunit B(SDHB) and D(SDHD) to reduce the aerobic oxidation pathway. The expression of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) and glycogen synthase was significantly increased to promote the pentose phosphate pathway and glycogen synthesis pathway. The mRNA levels of enzyme genes had no significant difference in gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis. The breast cancer database suggests that the mRNA levels of the glucose metabolism enzymes were consistent in vivo and in vitro. Hypoxia regulates the reprogramming of glucose metabolism by altering the gene expression of isozymes or subunits of these enzymes. The study comprehensively analyzed the effects of hypoxia on the expression of all enzyme genes and major regulatory enzymes in six glucose metabolism pathways and provides an understanding of glucose metabolism in cancer cells under a hypoxia environment.