Sarcoidosis is an inflammatory condition affecting multiple systems in the body, distinguished by the presence of noncaseating granulomas. It is believed that specific exposures to external antigens in individuals with genetic predisposition lead to the development of these granulomas. When diagnosing sarcoidosis, tuberculosis (TB) is a potential alternative explanation for the symptoms. Our case describes a rare coexistence of cutaneous sarcoidosis and TB pleurisy in a 75-year-old male. He was diagnosed with cutaneous sarcoidosis on his face. During the investigation for possible involvement of other organs, pleural effusion was discovered, and it was determined to be caused by mycobacterial infection. The patient received a 6-month course of anti-TB drugs to treat the TB pleurisy, while a topical calcineurin inhibitor was applied to the cutaneous sarcoidosis. This case serves as a reminder to dermatologists that the coexistence of TB with sarcoidosis is possible, not just as a differential diagnosis.

Sarcoidosis is an inflammatory condition affecting multiple systems in the body, distinguished by the presence of noncaseating granulomas. It is believed that specific exposures to external antigens in individuals with genetic predisposition lead to the development of these granulomas. When diagnosing sarcoidosis, tuberculosis (TB) is a potential alternative explanation for the symptoms. Our case describes a rare coexistence of cutaneous sarcoidosis and TB pleurisy in a 75-year-old male. He was diagnosed with cutaneous sarcoidosis on his face. During the investigation for possible involvement of other organs, pleural effusion was discovered, and it was determined to be caused by mycobacterial infection. The patient received a 6-month course of anti-TB drugs to treat the TB pleurisy, while a topical calcineurin inhibitor was applied to the cutaneous sarcoidosis. This case serves as a reminder to dermatologists that the coexistence of TB with sarcoidosis is possible, not just as a differential diagnosis.

Sarcoidosis is an inflammatory condition affecting multiple systems in the body, distinguished by the presence of noncaseating granulomas. It is believed that specific exposures to external antigens in individuals with genetic predisposition lead to the development of these granulomas. When diagnosing sarcoidosis, tuberculosis (TB) is a potential alternative explanation for the symptoms. Our case describes a rare coexistence of cutaneous sarcoidosis and TB pleurisy in a 75-year-old male. He was diagnosed with cutaneous sarcoidosis on his face. During the investigation for possible involvement of other organs, pleural effusion was discovered, and it was determined to be caused by mycobacterial infection. The patient received a 6-month course of anti-TB drugs to treat the TB pleurisy, while a topical calcineurin inhibitor was applied to the cutaneous sarcoidosis. This case serves as a reminder to dermatologists that the coexistence of TB with sarcoidosis is possible, not just as a differential diagnosis.

Sarcoidosis is an inflammatory condition affecting multiple systems in the body, distinguished by the presence of noncaseating granulomas. It is believed that specific exposures to external antigens in individuals with genetic predisposition lead to the development of these granulomas. When diagnosing sarcoidosis, tuberculosis (TB) is a potential alternative explanation for the symptoms. Our case describes a rare coexistence of cutaneous sarcoidosis and TB pleurisy in a 75-year-old male. He was diagnosed with cutaneous sarcoidosis on his face. During the investigation for possible involvement of other organs, pleural effusion was discovered, and it was determined to be caused by mycobacterial infection. The patient received a 6-month course of anti-TB drugs to treat the TB pleurisy, while a topical calcineurin inhibitor was applied to the cutaneous sarcoidosis. This case serves as a reminder to dermatologists that the coexistence of TB with sarcoidosis is possible, not just as a differential diagnosis.

Objective To study the effect of dual-mediated brain targeting liposomes(RVGPR9-SSL)as delivery vehicles on the blood brain barrier(BBB)permeability of doxorubicin(DOX),providing a new strategy for brain drug delivery.Methods The dual-mediated brain targeting liposomes(RVGPR9-SSL)were prepared by thin film dispersion/leading compound method.And the chemo-therapeutic drug DOX was encapsulated in RVGPR9-SSL(DOX@RVGPR9-SSL).Brain microvascular endothelial cells(BMVEC)were cultured and used to construct in vitro BBB models.The BBB model was then evaluated by a 4h leakage test,transmembrane resist-ance value(TEER)measurement,and tight junctions between cells observed by scanning transmission electron microscope(SEM).After the successful construction of the BBB model,the integrity of RVGPR9-SSL after crossing the BBB was investigated by confocal laser scanning microscopy using fluorescence a resonance energy transfer(FRET)pair.The effect of RVGPR9-SSL administration on BBB in-tegrity was evaluated by comparative analysis of BBB morphology and TEER values before and after liposome administration.The BBB per-meability of DOX@RVGPR9-SSL was investigated by fluorescence spectrophotometry.Results The encapsulation efficiency of DOX@RVGPR9-SSL was 97.25％.The TEER values of the constructed BBB model were all greater than 200Ω·cm2,and it was observed by SEM that the BMVEC cells were closely arranged and there were obvious tight junctions,indicating that the in vitro BBB model was suc-cessfully established and could be used for the investigation of BBB permeability.The 4h BBB cumulative permeability of DOX@RVGPR9-SSL was greater than 10％,which was significantly higher than that of free DOX.And both BBB and liposomes maintained good integrity after administration.Conclusion RVGPR9-SSL can significantly improve the BBB permeability of DOX,indicating that it is a very promising brain drug delivery vehicle.

Objective When the competition risk exists,the method based on restricted mean time lost(RMTL)has fewer model assumptions and more intuitive explanation.The intergroup effect size is RMTL difference(RMTLd).The corresponding hypothesis test is based on large samples,but the performance effect under small samples is unknown.Methods In this study,we explore the performance of RMTLd under small samples,and develop several variable conversion methods of RMTL to improve the statistical performance,and evaluate their type I error and power in different situations by Monte-Carlo simulation.Results In the case of small samples,the original method of RMTLd test has the phenomenon of type I error expansion,while the logic transformation method,which is one of the four transformation methods,can maintain good statistical performance.Conclusion When analyzing small sample competitive risk data,it is recommended to use the logical transformation of RMTL for statistical analysis.

Objective: The prevalence of atrial fibrillation (AF) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) patients under primary care in Hong Kong was yet to be explored. We aimed to evaluate the prevalence of AF in patients with DM so as to provide evidence-based recommendations to incorporate AF screening as a component in regular diabetic risk and complication assessment. The performance of automated BP machine Microlife WatchBP Office AFIB as a screening tool for the detection of AF was also evaluated.Method This was a cross-sectional study. Patients with type 2 DM who attended the regular diabetic risk and complication assessment in the participating clinics from 24 August 2021 to 27 January 2022 were recruited. Blood pressure measurement by Microlife WatchBP Office AFIB and 12-lead ECGs were performed for AF screening. Results: Among 2015 DM patients in primary care, the prevalence of AF was found to be 1.9% (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.3–2.6). The prevalence of AF increased with age, from 0.5% in patients aged < 65 years, to 2.2% in patients aged 65–74 years and 4.3% in patients aged ≥ 75 years. The sensitivity and specificity of Microlife WatchBP Office AFIB to detect AF were 80% (95% Cl 61.8–92.3) and 97.9%. (95% CI 97.3–98.5), respectively. The positive and negative predictive values were 32.8% (95% CI 21.9–45.1) and 99.7% (95% CI 99.5–99.9) respectively. Conclusions AF screening with the use of Microlife WatchBP Office AFIB is a simple procedure and can be considered as a standard assessment in the regular comprehensive diabetic risk and complication assessment in primary care setting.

Objective To investigate the effects of PRPF19 knockdown on the proliferation, migration, and invasion of pancreatic cancer cells. Methods The expression of PRPF19 in pancreatic cancer and normal tissues was analyzed using the GEPIA database. The protein and mRNA expression levels of PRPF19 in pancreatic cancer cells were detected by Western blot and qRT-PCR. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) was used to silence the expression of PRPF19 in pancreatic cancer cells, and the knockdown efficiency was verified by Western blot and qRT-PCR. CCK-8, colony forming, and Transwell assay were used to detect the effects of knockdown of PRPF19 on the proliferation, colony forming, migration, and invasion of pancreatic cancer cells. Results GEPIA analysis showed that PRPF19 was highly expressed in pancreatic cancer tissues compared with normal pancreatic tissues. In comparison with normal pancreatic cells, PRPF19 was highly expressed in various pancreatic cancer cell lines such as MIA PaCa-2 and PANC-1 (P < 0.05). In comparison with the control group, PRPF19 knockdown significantly reduced the proliferation rate, colony forming, cell migration, and invasion of pancreatic cancer cells (P < 0.05). Conclusion PRPF19 knockdown inhibits the proliferation, migration, and invasion of pancreatic cancer cells. PRPF19 may play an important role as an oncogene of pancreatic cancer.