Alzheimer disease (AD) diagnosis is confirmed using a medley of modalities, such as the detection of amyloid-β (Aβ) neuritic plaques and neurofibrillary tangles with positron electron tomography (PET) or the appraisal of irregularities in cognitive function with examinations. Although these methods have been efficient in confirming AD pathology, the rising demand for earlier intervention during pathogenesis has led researchers to explore the diagnostic potential of fluid biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma. Since CSF sample collection is invasive and limited in quantity, biomarker detection in plasma has become more attractive and modern advancements in technology has permitted more efficient and accurate analysis of plasma biomolecules. In this study, we found that a composite of standard factors, Aβ40 and total tau levels in plasma, divided by the variation factor, plasma Aβ42 level, provide better correlation with amyloid neuroimaging and neuropsychological test results than a level comparison between total tau and Aβ42 in plasma. We collected EDTA-treated blood plasma samples of 53 subjects, of randomly selected 27 AD patients and 26 normal cognition (NC) individuals, who received amyloid-PET scans for plaque quantification, and measured plasma levels of Aβ40, Aβ42, and total tau with digital enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in a blinded manner. There was difficulty distinguishing AD patients from controls when analyzing biomarkers independently. However, significant differentiation was observed between the two groups when comparing individual ratios of total-tau×Aβ40/Aβ42. Our results indicate that collectively comparing fluctuations of these fluid biomarkers could aid in monitoring AD pathogenesis.

Alzheimer disease (AD) diagnosis is confirmed using a medley of modalities, such as the detection of amyloid-β (Aβ) neuritic plaques and neurofibrillary tangles with positron electron tomography (PET) or the appraisal of irregularities in cognitive function with examinations. Although these methods have been efficient in confirming AD pathology, the rising demand for earlier intervention during pathogenesis has led researchers to explore the diagnostic potential of fluid biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma. Since CSF sample collection is invasive and limited in quantity, biomarker detection in plasma has become more attractive and modern advancements in technology has permitted more efficient and accurate analysis of plasma biomolecules. In this study, we found that a composite of standard factors, Aβ40 and total tau levels in plasma, divided by the variation factor, plasma Aβ42 level, provide better correlation with amyloid neuroimaging and neuropsychological test results than a level comparison between total tau and Aβ42 in plasma. We collected EDTA-treated blood plasma samples of 53 subjects, of randomly selected 27 AD patients and 26 normal cognition (NC) individuals, who received amyloid-PET scans for plaque quantification, and measured plasma levels of Aβ40, Aβ42, and total tau with digital enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in a blinded manner. There was difficulty distinguishing AD patients from controls when analyzing biomarkers independently. However, significant differentiation was observed between the two groups when comparing individual ratios of total-tau×Aβ40/Aβ42. Our results indicate that collectively comparing fluctuations of these fluid biomarkers could aid in monitoring AD pathogenesis.

Alzheimer disease (AD) diagnosis is confirmed using a medley of modalities, such as the detection of amyloid-β (Aβ) neuritic plaques and neurofibrillary tangles with positron electron tomography (PET) or the appraisal of irregularities in cognitive function with examinations. Although these methods have been efficient in confirming AD pathology, the rising demand for earlier intervention during pathogenesis has led researchers to explore the diagnostic potential of fluid biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma. Since CSF sample collection is invasive and limited in quantity, biomarker detection in plasma has become more attractive and modern advancements in technology has permitted more efficient and accurate analysis of plasma biomolecules. In this study, we found that a composite of standard factors, Aβ40 and total tau levels in plasma, divided by the variation factor, plasma Aβ42 level, provide better correlation with amyloid neuroimaging and neuropsychological test results than a level comparison between total tau and Aβ42 in plasma. We collected EDTA-treated blood plasma samples of 53 subjects, of randomly selected 27 AD patients and 26 normal cognition (NC) individuals, who received amyloid-PET scans for plaque quantification, and measured plasma levels of Aβ40, Aβ42, and total tau with digital enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in a blinded manner. There was difficulty distinguishing AD patients from controls when analyzing biomarkers independently. However, significant differentiation was observed between the two groups when comparing individual ratios of total-tau×Aβ40/Aβ42. Our results indicate that collectively comparing fluctuations of these fluid biomarkers could aid in monitoring AD pathogenesis.

Alzheimer disease (AD) diagnosis is confirmed using a medley of modalities, such as the detection of amyloid-β (Aβ) neuritic plaques and neurofibrillary tangles with positron electron tomography (PET) or the appraisal of irregularities in cognitive function with examinations. Although these methods have been efficient in confirming AD pathology, the rising demand for earlier intervention during pathogenesis has led researchers to explore the diagnostic potential of fluid biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma. Since CSF sample collection is invasive and limited in quantity, biomarker detection in plasma has become more attractive and modern advancements in technology has permitted more efficient and accurate analysis of plasma biomolecules. In this study, we found that a composite of standard factors, Aβ40 and total tau levels in plasma, divided by the variation factor, plasma Aβ42 level, provide better correlation with amyloid neuroimaging and neuropsychological test results than a level comparison between total tau and Aβ42 in plasma. We collected EDTA-treated blood plasma samples of 53 subjects, of randomly selected 27 AD patients and 26 normal cognition (NC) individuals, who received amyloid-PET scans for plaque quantification, and measured plasma levels of Aβ40, Aβ42, and total tau with digital enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in a blinded manner. There was difficulty distinguishing AD patients from controls when analyzing biomarkers independently. However, significant differentiation was observed between the two groups when comparing individual ratios of total-tau×Aβ40/Aβ42. Our results indicate that collectively comparing fluctuations of these fluid biomarkers could aid in monitoring AD pathogenesis.

BACKGROUND: Displaced anterior column fractures have increasingly been treated surgically by the ilioinguinal approach and fixation with lag screws and a buttress plate on the pelvic brim. However, a major disadvantage of the ilioinguinal approach is possible damage to the neurovascular bundle and the lymphatic structures in the intermediate part of the approach. This study aims to present a novel surgical technique of the less invasive anterior iliac approach and compression osteosynthesis for high anterior column fractures of the acetabulum. METHODS: In this retrospective case series, 19 patients treated operatively for isolated high anterior column fractures using the less invasive anterior iliac approach and compression osteosynthesis were included. Patient demographics, the cause of injury, associated injuries, time to surgical reconstruction, and operation time were collected from the medical records. The quality of reduction was assessed by postoperative standard radiographic views and computed tomography scans and graded according to Matta's criteria. Clinical and radiographic grades were assessed according to Matta's criteria at the last follow-up. RESULTS: This less invasive surgical technique was successful for reduction and fixation in all high anterior column fractures and provided sufficient stability to allow immediate mobilization of the patients after surgery. Twelve fractures were combined with the quadrilateral plate fracture and seven fractures did not involve the quadrilateral plate. According to Matta's criteria, anatomical reduction was obtained in 17 patients and imperfect reduction in two patients. Clinical results were excellent in 17 patients and good in two patients. Radiographic results were excellent in 17 patients and good in two patients. Ten patients had neurapraxia of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve related to the approach, which was resolved completely in seven. One patient had deep vein thrombosis. CONCLUSIONS: Our less invasive surgical technique of the anterior iliac approach and compression osteosynthesis is a useful addition to the existing techniques in the treatment of high anterior column fractures of the acetabulum. Despite being a limited approach and fixation, this technique provides sufficient exposure for reducing and fixing the fracture and adequate stability to allow immediate mobilization of the patient after surgery.
Acetabulum* ; Demography ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Medical Records ; Retrospective Studies ; Venous Thrombosis

Although studies on malrotation of the humerus possibly leading to dysfunction of the shoulder have been reported, studies on its causes are inadequate. The authors encountered a patient complaining of malrotation accompanied by dysfunction of the shoulder which occurred during treatment of a distal humeral fracture. The patient recovered the shoulder function by only correcting malrotation of the humerus without direct treatment on the shoulder, and we report it herein with a review of the literature.
Humans ; Humeral Fractures ; Humerus* ; Shoulder*

Clavicle medial end fracture is rare, and it has not been studied extensively. Although there is debate regarding its treatment methods, because of the complications of conservative treatment, surgical treatment has been considered more than conservative treatment. This study describes a surgical method using double-plate fixation for treatment of clavicle medial end fractures in which plates were used on each anterior and superior border according to the anatomical structure of the clavicle. In addition, we report operative results of three patients treated by double-plate fixation.
Clavicle* ; Humans

Clavicle medial end fracture is rare, and it has not been studied extensively. Although there is debate regarding its treatment methods, because of the complications of conservative treatment, surgical treatment has been considered more than conservative treatment. This study describes a surgical method using double-plate fixation for treatment of clavicle medial end fractures in which plates were used on each anterior and superior border according to the anatomical structure of the clavicle. In addition, we report operative results of three patients treated by double-plate fixation.
Clavicle ; Humans

Anaphylaxis is an acute life-threatening reaction, usually mediated by immunologic and non- immunologic mechanisms. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can produce anaphylactic reactions by different pathogenic mechanisms. The most of these reactions are elicited by different NSAIDs depending on the potency of the cyclooxygenase inhibition, but other reactions provoked by IgE-dependent mechanism. The NSAIDs most often involved in these kinds of reactions are pyrazolones and aspirin. Diclofenac is a widely used NSAID derivative of phenylacetic acid. Anaphylaxis to diclofenac with aspirin tolerance has been rarely described. Here we report two cases of selective anaphylaxis to diclofenac with good tolerance to aspirin. It may be suggested by IgE-dependent reaction, not by cyclooxygenase inhibition.
Anaphylaxis* ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal ; Aspirin* ; Diclofenac* ; Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases ; Pyrazolones