Skeletal Class II malocclusion often leads to excessive overjet due to differences in arch growth, and in some cases, an unstable contact point of the mandibular incisors can result in deep bite. When the relationship of anterior teeth is unstable, the extruded height of the mandibular incisors must be adjusted, followed by restoration of the maxillary incisors. During this process, an interim restoration period is necessary to evaluate aesthetics, phonetics, and function of the anterior teeth, and if extractions and implants are involved, the restoration steps may increase. In this case, facial scan was utilized to obtain extraoral data for stepwise fabrication of provisional restorations, ultimately transitioning them into final restorations. This approach aimed to improve both function and aesthetics for the patient, who required multiple implants and fixed prostheses on natural teeth, including in the anterior region.

Skeletal Class II malocclusion often leads to excessive overjet due to differences in arch growth, and in some cases, an unstable contact point of the mandibular incisors can result in deep bite. When the relationship of anterior teeth is unstable, the extruded height of the mandibular incisors must be adjusted, followed by restoration of the maxillary incisors. During this process, an interim restoration period is necessary to evaluate aesthetics, phonetics, and function of the anterior teeth, and if extractions and implants are involved, the restoration steps may increase. In this case, facial scan was utilized to obtain extraoral data for stepwise fabrication of provisional restorations, ultimately transitioning them into final restorations. This approach aimed to improve both function and aesthetics for the patient, who required multiple implants and fixed prostheses on natural teeth, including in the anterior region.

Skeletal Class II malocclusion often leads to excessive overjet due to differences in arch growth, and in some cases, an unstable contact point of the mandibular incisors can result in deep bite. When the relationship of anterior teeth is unstable, the extruded height of the mandibular incisors must be adjusted, followed by restoration of the maxillary incisors. During this process, an interim restoration period is necessary to evaluate aesthetics, phonetics, and function of the anterior teeth, and if extractions and implants are involved, the restoration steps may increase. In this case, facial scan was utilized to obtain extraoral data for stepwise fabrication of provisional restorations, ultimately transitioning them into final restorations. This approach aimed to improve both function and aesthetics for the patient, who required multiple implants and fixed prostheses on natural teeth, including in the anterior region.

Skeletal Class II malocclusion often leads to excessive overjet due to differences in arch growth, and in some cases, an unstable contact point of the mandibular incisors can result in deep bite. When the relationship of anterior teeth is unstable, the extruded height of the mandibular incisors must be adjusted, followed by restoration of the maxillary incisors. During this process, an interim restoration period is necessary to evaluate aesthetics, phonetics, and function of the anterior teeth, and if extractions and implants are involved, the restoration steps may increase. In this case, facial scan was utilized to obtain extraoral data for stepwise fabrication of provisional restorations, ultimately transitioning them into final restorations. This approach aimed to improve both function and aesthetics for the patient, who required multiple implants and fixed prostheses on natural teeth, including in the anterior region.

Skeletal Class II malocclusion often leads to excessive overjet due to differences in arch growth, and in some cases, an unstable contact point of the mandibular incisors can result in deep bite. When the relationship of anterior teeth is unstable, the extruded height of the mandibular incisors must be adjusted, followed by restoration of the maxillary incisors. During this process, an interim restoration period is necessary to evaluate aesthetics, phonetics, and function of the anterior teeth, and if extractions and implants are involved, the restoration steps may increase. In this case, facial scan was utilized to obtain extraoral data for stepwise fabrication of provisional restorations, ultimately transitioning them into final restorations. This approach aimed to improve both function and aesthetics for the patient, who required multiple implants and fixed prostheses on natural teeth, including in the anterior region.

In order to treat edentulous patients with fixed implant prosthesis, the final prosthesis form should be predetermined based on the anatomic structures of the arch, the opposing dentition, and the occlusal plane. The design and occlusion of the interim prosthesis can provide useful information when fabricating the definitive prosthesis. In this case report, scan data of the edentulous region and the interim prosthesis were superimposed through an intraoral scanning digital workflow. In this way, the interim prosthesis information was incorporated into the design of the final prosthesis. Furthermore, the interim prosthesis data acquired through intraoral scanning was utilized to plan the positions and angles of the implants based on the final prosthesis design. Surgical guides were used to accurately place the implants in the planned three-dimensional positions. In this case report, satisfactory esthetic and functional clinical outcomes were achieved through application of digital techniques.

The treatment of patients with severe periodontitis should be proceeded step-bystep through an accurate diagnosis of each patients’ individual tooth and with a strategic treatment plan. Implant-supported fixed prosthetic restoration has the advantage of high patient satisfaction and stable vertical dimension compared to the removable partial denture. However, multiple teeth defect areas lacking hard tissue may be disadvantageous in aesthetic failure and longer treatment time. In addition, it takes a certain period of time to manufacture and install a conventional fixed prosthesis, and during this process, the provisional prosthesis must satisfy the mechanical, biological, and aesthetic requirements of teeth. The purpose of this article is to describe the fabrication of implant-supported fixed prosthesis through a step-by-step approach in a partially edentulous patient.

The development of digital technology is causing great changes in dentistry. This digital workflow combines various 3D data in the prosthetic treatment area for diagnosis and prosthetic manufacturing. The planned diagnosis and the fabrication of prosthesis in a virtual patient formed by synthesizing digital data can simulate the results of prosthetic treatment more intuitively than conventional methods, thereby increasing the predictability of aesthetic prosthetic treatment. In this case report, functionally and aesthetically satisfied clinical results were obtained by fabricating a fixed partial dentures through a digital workflow on congenital missing teeth in the maxillary anterior region.

Purpose: In this trial, we investigated the efficacy and safety of adjuvant letrozole for hormone receptor (HR)-positive breast cancer. Here, we report the clinical outcome in postmenopausal women with HR-positive breast cancer treated with adjuvant letrozole according to estrogen receptor (ER) expression levels. Methods: In this multi-institutional, open-label, observational study, postmenopausal patients with HR-positive breast cancer received adjuvant letrozole (2.5 mg/daily) for 5 years unless they experienced disease progression or unacceptable toxicity or withdrew their consent. The patients were stratified into the following 3 groups according to ER expression levels using a modified Allred score (AS): low, intermediate, and high (AS 3–4, 5–6, and 7–8, respectively). ER expression was centrally reviewed. The primary objective was the 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) rate. Results: Between April 25, 2010, and February 5, 2014, 440 patients were enrolled. With a median follow-up of 62.0 months, the 5-year DFS rate in all patients was 94.2% (95% confidence interval [CI], 91.8–96.6). The 5-year DFS and recurrence-free survival (RFS) rates did not differ according to ER expression; the 5-year DFS rates were 94.3% and 94.1%in the low-to-intermediate and high expression groups, respectively (p = 0.6), and the corresponding 5-year RFS rates were 95.7% and 95.4%, respectively (p = 0.7). Furthermore, 25 patients discontinued letrozole because of drug toxicity. Conclusion Treatment with adjuvant letrozole showed very favorable treatment outcomes and good tolerability among Korean postmenopausal women with ER-positive breast cancer, independent of ER expression.

Purpose: In this trial, we investigated the efficacy and safety of adjuvant letrozole for hormone receptor (HR)-positive breast cancer. Here, we report the clinical outcome in postmenopausal women with HR-positive breast cancer treated with adjuvant letrozole according to estrogen receptor (ER) expression levels. Methods: In this multi-institutional, open-label, observational study, postmenopausal patients with HR-positive breast cancer received adjuvant letrozole (2.5 mg/daily) for 5 years unless they experienced disease progression or unacceptable toxicity or withdrew their consent. The patients were stratified into the following 3 groups according to ER expression levels using a modified Allred score (AS): low, intermediate, and high (AS 3–4, 5–6, and 7–8, respectively). ER expression was centrally reviewed. The primary objective was the 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) rate. Results: Between April 25, 2010, and February 5, 2014, 440 patients were enrolled. With a median follow-up of 62.0 months, the 5-year DFS rate in all patients was 94.2% (95% confidence interval [CI], 91.8–96.6). The 5-year DFS and recurrence-free survival (RFS) rates did not differ according to ER expression; the 5-year DFS rates were 94.3% and 94.1%in the low-to-intermediate and high expression groups, respectively (p = 0.6), and the corresponding 5-year RFS rates were 95.7% and 95.4%, respectively (p = 0.7). Furthermore, 25 patients discontinued letrozole because of drug toxicity. Conclusion Treatment with adjuvant letrozole showed very favorable treatment outcomes and good tolerability among Korean postmenopausal women with ER-positive breast cancer, independent of ER expression.