Background: This study aimed to determine whether a shorter high-dose rifampicin regimen is non-inferior to the standard 6-month tuberculosis regimen. Methods: This multicenter, randomized, open-label, non-inferiority trial enrolled participants with respiratory specimen positivity by Xpert MTB/RIF assay or Mycobacterium tuberculosis culture without rifampicin-resistance. Participants were randomized at 1:1 to the investigational or control group. The investigational group received high-dose rifampicin (30 mg/kg/day), isoniazid, and pyrazinamide until culture conversion, followed by high-dose rifampicin and isoniazid for 12 weeks. The control group received the standard 6-month regimen. The primary outcome was the rate of unfavorable outcomes at 18 months post-randomization. The non-inferiority margin was set at <6% difference in unfavorable outcomes rates. The study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04485156) Results: Between 4 November 2020 and 3 January 2022, 76 participants were enrolled. Of these, 58 were included in the modified intention-to-treat analysis. Unfavorable outcomes occurred in 10 (31.3%) of 32 in the control group and 10 (38.5%) of 26 in the investigational group. The difference was 7.2% (95% confidence interval, ∞ to 31.9%), failing to prove non-inferiority. Serious adverse events and grade 3 or higher adverse events did not differ between the groups. Conclusion The shorter high-dose rifampicin regimen failed to demonstrate non-inferiority but had an acceptable safety profile.

Background: This study aimed to determine whether a shorter high-dose rifampicin regimen is non-inferior to the standard 6-month tuberculosis regimen. Methods: This multicenter, randomized, open-label, non-inferiority trial enrolled participants with respiratory specimen positivity by Xpert MTB/RIF assay or Mycobacterium tuberculosis culture without rifampicin-resistance. Participants were randomized at 1:1 to the investigational or control group. The investigational group received high-dose rifampicin (30 mg/kg/day), isoniazid, and pyrazinamide until culture conversion, followed by high-dose rifampicin and isoniazid for 12 weeks. The control group received the standard 6-month regimen. The primary outcome was the rate of unfavorable outcomes at 18 months post-randomization. The non-inferiority margin was set at <6% difference in unfavorable outcomes rates. The study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04485156) Results: Between 4 November 2020 and 3 January 2022, 76 participants were enrolled. Of these, 58 were included in the modified intention-to-treat analysis. Unfavorable outcomes occurred in 10 (31.3%) of 32 in the control group and 10 (38.5%) of 26 in the investigational group. The difference was 7.2% (95% confidence interval, ∞ to 31.9%), failing to prove non-inferiority. Serious adverse events and grade 3 or higher adverse events did not differ between the groups. Conclusion The shorter high-dose rifampicin regimen failed to demonstrate non-inferiority but had an acceptable safety profile.

Background: This study aimed to determine whether a shorter high-dose rifampicin regimen is non-inferior to the standard 6-month tuberculosis regimen. Methods: This multicenter, randomized, open-label, non-inferiority trial enrolled participants with respiratory specimen positivity by Xpert MTB/RIF assay or Mycobacterium tuberculosis culture without rifampicin-resistance. Participants were randomized at 1:1 to the investigational or control group. The investigational group received high-dose rifampicin (30 mg/kg/day), isoniazid, and pyrazinamide until culture conversion, followed by high-dose rifampicin and isoniazid for 12 weeks. The control group received the standard 6-month regimen. The primary outcome was the rate of unfavorable outcomes at 18 months post-randomization. The non-inferiority margin was set at <6% difference in unfavorable outcomes rates. The study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04485156) Results: Between 4 November 2020 and 3 January 2022, 76 participants were enrolled. Of these, 58 were included in the modified intention-to-treat analysis. Unfavorable outcomes occurred in 10 (31.3%) of 32 in the control group and 10 (38.5%) of 26 in the investigational group. The difference was 7.2% (95% confidence interval, ∞ to 31.9%), failing to prove non-inferiority. Serious adverse events and grade 3 or higher adverse events did not differ between the groups. Conclusion The shorter high-dose rifampicin regimen failed to demonstrate non-inferiority but had an acceptable safety profile.

Purpose: This study aimed to systematically evaluate school-based suicide prevention programs for adolescents, focusing on their impact on suicide attempts, knowledge and attitudes about suicide, and help-seeking behaviors. Methods: A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. Databases searched included PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, KMBASE, KoreaMed, and ScienceON. Randomized controlled trials of school-based interventions for middle and high school students were included. The Risk of Bias 2.0 tool was used to assess study quality. Results: Out of 1,738 screened records, eight studies met the inclusion criteria. SOS (Signs of Suicide) and SEYLE (Saving and Empowering Young Lives in Europe) programs significantly reduced suicide attempts by 40% and 55%, respectively. Sources of Strength improved help-seeking behavior (ES=0.62, p<.001), though results were inconsistent across interventions. All programs enhanced knowledge and attitudes about suicide, but methodological limitations, such as variability in implementation and reporting, affected reliability. Conclusion School-based suicide prevention programs effectively reduce suicide attempts and improve awareness but show mixed results for help-seeking behaviors. Standardized, scalable interventions and rigorous evaluations are needed to enhance their impact.

Purpose: This study aimed to systematically evaluate school-based suicide prevention programs for adolescents, focusing on their impact on suicide attempts, knowledge and attitudes about suicide, and help-seeking behaviors. Methods: A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. Databases searched included PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, KMBASE, KoreaMed, and ScienceON. Randomized controlled trials of school-based interventions for middle and high school students were included. The Risk of Bias 2.0 tool was used to assess study quality. Results: Out of 1,738 screened records, eight studies met the inclusion criteria. SOS (Signs of Suicide) and SEYLE (Saving and Empowering Young Lives in Europe) programs significantly reduced suicide attempts by 40% and 55%, respectively. Sources of Strength improved help-seeking behavior (ES=0.62, p<.001), though results were inconsistent across interventions. All programs enhanced knowledge and attitudes about suicide, but methodological limitations, such as variability in implementation and reporting, affected reliability. Conclusion School-based suicide prevention programs effectively reduce suicide attempts and improve awareness but show mixed results for help-seeking behaviors. Standardized, scalable interventions and rigorous evaluations are needed to enhance their impact.

Purpose: This study aimed to systematically evaluate school-based suicide prevention programs for adolescents, focusing on their impact on suicide attempts, knowledge and attitudes about suicide, and help-seeking behaviors. Methods: A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. Databases searched included PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, KMBASE, KoreaMed, and ScienceON. Randomized controlled trials of school-based interventions for middle and high school students were included. The Risk of Bias 2.0 tool was used to assess study quality. Results: Out of 1,738 screened records, eight studies met the inclusion criteria. SOS (Signs of Suicide) and SEYLE (Saving and Empowering Young Lives in Europe) programs significantly reduced suicide attempts by 40% and 55%, respectively. Sources of Strength improved help-seeking behavior (ES=0.62, p<.001), though results were inconsistent across interventions. All programs enhanced knowledge and attitudes about suicide, but methodological limitations, such as variability in implementation and reporting, affected reliability. Conclusion School-based suicide prevention programs effectively reduce suicide attempts and improve awareness but show mixed results for help-seeking behaviors. Standardized, scalable interventions and rigorous evaluations are needed to enhance their impact.

Background: This study aimed to determine whether a shorter high-dose rifampicin regimen is non-inferior to the standard 6-month tuberculosis regimen. Methods: This multicenter, randomized, open-label, non-inferiority trial enrolled participants with respiratory specimen positivity by Xpert MTB/RIF assay or Mycobacterium tuberculosis culture without rifampicin-resistance. Participants were randomized at 1:1 to the investigational or control group. The investigational group received high-dose rifampicin (30 mg/kg/day), isoniazid, and pyrazinamide until culture conversion, followed by high-dose rifampicin and isoniazid for 12 weeks. The control group received the standard 6-month regimen. The primary outcome was the rate of unfavorable outcomes at 18 months post-randomization. The non-inferiority margin was set at <6% difference in unfavorable outcomes rates. The study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04485156) Results: Between 4 November 2020 and 3 January 2022, 76 participants were enrolled. Of these, 58 were included in the modified intention-to-treat analysis. Unfavorable outcomes occurred in 10 (31.3%) of 32 in the control group and 10 (38.5%) of 26 in the investigational group. The difference was 7.2% (95% confidence interval, ∞ to 31.9%), failing to prove non-inferiority. Serious adverse events and grade 3 or higher adverse events did not differ between the groups. Conclusion The shorter high-dose rifampicin regimen failed to demonstrate non-inferiority but had an acceptable safety profile.

Purpose: This study aimed to systematically evaluate school-based suicide prevention programs for adolescents, focusing on their impact on suicide attempts, knowledge and attitudes about suicide, and help-seeking behaviors. Methods: A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. Databases searched included PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, KMBASE, KoreaMed, and ScienceON. Randomized controlled trials of school-based interventions for middle and high school students were included. The Risk of Bias 2.0 tool was used to assess study quality. Results: Out of 1,738 screened records, eight studies met the inclusion criteria. SOS (Signs of Suicide) and SEYLE (Saving and Empowering Young Lives in Europe) programs significantly reduced suicide attempts by 40% and 55%, respectively. Sources of Strength improved help-seeking behavior (ES=0.62, p<.001), though results were inconsistent across interventions. All programs enhanced knowledge and attitudes about suicide, but methodological limitations, such as variability in implementation and reporting, affected reliability. Conclusion School-based suicide prevention programs effectively reduce suicide attempts and improve awareness but show mixed results for help-seeking behaviors. Standardized, scalable interventions and rigorous evaluations are needed to enhance their impact.

Background: This study aimed to determine whether a shorter high-dose rifampicin regimen is non-inferior to the standard 6-month tuberculosis regimen. Methods: This multicenter, randomized, open-label, non-inferiority trial enrolled participants with respiratory specimen positivity by Xpert MTB/RIF assay or Mycobacterium tuberculosis culture without rifampicin-resistance. Participants were randomized at 1:1 to the investigational or control group. The investigational group received high-dose rifampicin (30 mg/kg/day), isoniazid, and pyrazinamide until culture conversion, followed by high-dose rifampicin and isoniazid for 12 weeks. The control group received the standard 6-month regimen. The primary outcome was the rate of unfavorable outcomes at 18 months post-randomization. The non-inferiority margin was set at <6% difference in unfavorable outcomes rates. The study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04485156) Results: Between 4 November 2020 and 3 January 2022, 76 participants were enrolled. Of these, 58 were included in the modified intention-to-treat analysis. Unfavorable outcomes occurred in 10 (31.3%) of 32 in the control group and 10 (38.5%) of 26 in the investigational group. The difference was 7.2% (95% confidence interval, ∞ to 31.9%), failing to prove non-inferiority. Serious adverse events and grade 3 or higher adverse events did not differ between the groups. Conclusion The shorter high-dose rifampicin regimen failed to demonstrate non-inferiority but had an acceptable safety profile.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by excessive accumulation of fat in the liver, and there is a global increase in its incidence owing to changes in lifestyle and diet. Recent findings suggest that p53 is involved in the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; however, the association between p53 expression and the disease remains unclear. Doxorubicin, an anticancer agent, increases the expression of p53. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the role of doxorubicin-induced p53 upregulation in free fatty acid (FFA)-induced intracellular lipid accumulation. HepG2 cells were pretreated with 0.5 μg/mL of doxorubicin for 12 h, followed by treatment with FFA (0.5 mM) for 24 h to induce steatosis. Doxorubicin pretreatment upregulated p53 expression and downregulated the expression of endoplasmic reticulum stress- and lipid synthesis-associated genes in the FFA -treated HepG2 cells. Additionally, doxorubicin treatment upregulated the expression of AMP-activated protein kinase, a key modulator of lipid metabolism. Notably, siRNA-targeted p53 knockdown reversed the effects of doxorubicin in HepG2 cells.Moreover, doxorubicin treatment suppressed FFA -induced lipid accumulation in HepG2 spheroids. Conclusively, these results suggest that doxorubicin possesses potential application for the regulation of lipid metabolism by enhance the expression of p53 an in vitro NAFLD model.