Objectives: This study compared the nutritional intakes of early and late preterm infants in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and at home. The dietary problems and the need for community care services for premature infants were further investigated. Methods: This is a cross-sectional and descriptive study on 125 preterm infants and their parents (Early preterm n = 70, Late preterm n = 55). The data were collected by surveying the parents of preterm infants and from hospital medical records. Results: No significant differences were obtained between the early and late preterm infant groups when considering the proportion of feeding types in the NICU and at home. Early preterm infants were fed with a greater amount of additional calories at home and had more hours of tube feeding (P = 0.022). Most preterm infants had feeding problems. However, there was no significant difference between early and late preterm infants in the mental pain of parents, sleeping, feeding, and weaning problems at home. Many parents of preterm babies had no external support, and more than half the parents required community care to take care of their preterm babies. Conclusions Regardless of the gestational age, most preterm infants have several problems with dietary intake. Our study indicates the need to establish community care services for preterm infants.

No abstract available.
Myxoma

Three-dimensional (3D) printing is an additive manufacturing process by which precursor materials are deposited layer by layer to form complex 3D geometries from computer-aided designs, and bioprinting offers the ability to create 3D architecture living cells. Bioprinting methods have been developed rapidly pattern living cells, biological macromolecules, and biomaterials, and an advantage of the 3D microenviroment over traditional 2-dimensional cell culture is the ability to obtain more accurate and reliable data from model about tumor formation, progression, and response to anticancer therapies. This review focuses on recent advances in the use of biopriniting technologies for cancer research, bioprinting physiologically relevant testing platforms for anticancer drug development, and computational modeling for improvement bioprinting technique.
Biocompatible Materials ; Bioprinting ; Cell Culture Techniques ; Computer-Aided Design

Cancer is the tissue complex consisted with heterogeneous cellular compositions, and microenvironmental cues. During the various stages of cancer initiation, development, and metastasis, cell–cell interactions as well as cell-extracellular matrix play major roles. Conventional cancer models both 2-dimensional and 3-dimensional (3D) present numerous limitations, which restrict their use as biomimetic models for drug screening and fundamental cancer biology studies. Recently, bioprinting biofabrication platform enables the creation of high-resolution 3D structures. Moreover this platform has been extensively used to model multiple organs and diseases, and this versatile technique has further found its creation of accurate models that figure out the complexity of the cancer microenvironment. In this review we will focus on cancer biology and limitations with current cancer models and we discuss vascular structures bioprinting that are critical to the construction of complex 3D cancer organoids. We finally conclude with current literature on bioprinting cancer models and propose future perspectives.
Biology ; Biomimetics ; Bioprinting* ; Cues ; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Organoids ; Tumor Microenvironment*

Tissue engineering is limited by our inability to adequately vascularize tissues post implantation because all tissue-engineered substitutes (with the exception of cornea and cartilage) require a vascular network to provide the nutrient and oxygen supply needed for their survival. This review gives a brief overview of the processes and factors involved in the vascularization and angiogenesis and summarizes the different strategies to overcome the issue of slow vascularization and angiogenesis in a range of tissue-engineered substitutes. Moreover, we will announce some potential future plans.
Cornea ; Methods* ; Oxygen ; Tissue Engineering

PURPOSE: We aimed to compare the detection of breast cancer using full-field digital mammography (FFDM), FFDM with computer-aided detection (FFDM+CAD), ultrasound (US), and FFDM+CAD plus US (FFDM+CAD+US), and to investigate the factors affecting cancer detection. METHODS: In this retrospective study conducted from 2008 to 2012, 48,251 women underwent FFDM and US for cancer screening. One hundred seventy-one breast cancers were detected: 115 invasive cancers and 56 carcinomas in situ. Two radiologists evaluated the imaging findings of FFDM, FFDM+CAD, and US, based on the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System lexicon of the American College of Radiology by consensus. We reviewed the clinical and the pathological data to investigate factors affecting cancer detection. We statistically used generalized estimation equations with a logit link to compare the cancer detectability of different imaging modalities. To compare the various factors affecting detection versus nondetection, we used Wilcoxon rank sum, chi-square, or Fisher exact test. RESULTS: The detectability of breast cancer by US (96.5%) or FFDM+CAD+US (100%) was superior to that of FFDM (87.1%) (p=0.019 or p<0.001, respectively) or FFDM+ CAD (88.3%) (p=0.050 or p<0.001, respectively). However, cancer detectability was not significantly different between FFDM versus FFDM+CAD (p=1.000) and US alone versus FFDM+CAD+US (p=0.126). The tumor size influenced cancer detectability by all imaging modalities (p<0.050). In FFDM and FFDM+CAD, the nondetecting group consisted of younger patients and patients with a denser breast composition (p<0.050). In breast US, carcinoma in situ was more frequent in the nondetecting group (p=0.014). CONCLUSION: For breast cancer screening, breast US alone is satisfactory for all age groups, although FFDM+ CAD+US is the perfect screening method. Patient age, breast composition, and pathological tumor size and type may influence cancer detection during screening.
Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Carcinoma in Situ ; Consensus ; Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted ; Early Detection of Cancer ; Female ; Humans ; Information Systems ; Mammography* ; Mass Screening* ; Methods ; Retrospective Studies ; Ultrasonography* ; Ultrasonography, Mammary

BACKGROUND: Psoriasis is a chronic, relapsing inflammatory disease that affects approximately 2~3% of the population worldwide and often requires lifelong care. Recent advances in understanding the immunogenesis of psoriasis has led to the development of biological agents that target specific immunological pathways. Ustekinumab is a human monoclonal antibody that binds to the p40 subunit common to interleukin-12 and 23, key cytokines in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to address the efficacy and safety of ustekinumab in Korean patients with moderate-to-severe psoriasis. METHODS: The clinical records of 32 consecutive patients treated with ustekinumab were reviewed retrospectively. Treatment effectiveness was estimated based on reported Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) 50, 75, and 90 response rates, defined as a > or =50%, > or =75%, or > or =90% reduction from baseline PASI scores, respectively. A stereotyped questionnaire was completed by the physician, and information about adverse events and quality of life was collected. RESULTS: The average baseline PASI score was 25.7. Overall 38%, 56%, and 80% patients achieved PASI 75 response rates at weeks 4, 16, and 52 respectively. Thirteen patients (41%) experienced a mild adverse event such as upper respiratory infection, pruritus, urticaria, nasopharyngitis, headache, hyperglycemia, abnormal hepatic function, or arthralgia. CONCLUSION: Ustekinumab provides an effective, safe, and well-tolerated alternative for the symptomatic treatment of Korean patients with moderate-to-severe psoriasis.
Arthralgia ; Biological Factors ; Cytokines ; Headache ; Humans ; Hyperglycemia ; Interleukin-12 ; Nasopharyngitis ; Pruritus ; Psoriasis* ; Quality of Life ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome ; Urticaria ; Ustekinumab

BACKGROUND: c-Jun along with JunB, JunD, and the Fos group proteins comprise the core members of the activator protein 1 (AP1) family of transcription factors. Recently, many studies have demonstrated the key roles of AP1 in regulating a wide spectrum of biological processes, including tumorigenesis. We therefore hypothesized that c-Jun and JunB influence the differentiation and malignant change of various skin tumors. OBJECTIVE: We measured the expression levels of c-Jun and JunB in different skin tumors. METHODS: The expressions of c-Jun and JunB were examined by performing the immunohistochemical staining of 55 specimens of skin tumors, including 13 cases of seborrheic keratosis, 4 cases of keratoacanthoma, 9 cases of actinic keratosis, 4 cases of Bowen's disease, 4 cases of basal cell carcinoma, 16 cases of squamous cell carcinoma, and 5 cases of malignant melanoma. RESULTS: Immunohistochemical analysis of the skin tumor tissue samples revealed a significantly higher expression of c-Jun in malignant skin tumors (basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, malignant melanoma) than in benign (seborrheic keratosis, keratoacanthoma) or premalignant skin tumors (actinic keratosis, Bowen's disease). The expression of JunB, however, was significantly lower in malignant skin tumors than in benign skin tumors. CONCLUSION: These findings showed that c-Jun has a positive association with skin malignancies, while JunB has a negative association with skin malignancies. The role of AP1 as key regulators of cell proliferation and epidermal tumor progression is suggested.
Biological Processes ; Bowen's Disease ; Carcinogenesis ; Carcinoma, Basal Cell ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Cell Proliferation ; Humans ; Keratoacanthoma ; Keratosis ; Keratosis, Actinic ; Keratosis, Seborrheic ; Melanoma ; Skin* ; Transcription Factor AP-1 ; Transcription Factors

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study is to investigate the characteristics of drinking patterns and the prevalence of hazardous drinking and alcohol use disorder with the assessment of alcohol policy needs in community population of urban city in Korea. METHODS: Data was collected from 1,000 residents in a single urban city in Korea, from June 1 to July 31, 2011 by a questionnaire. As research tools, socio-demographic characteristics composed of variables based on study purpose, alcohol problems and alcohol use disorder state scales composed with Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test(AUDIT) and Cut down, Annoyed, Guilty, Eye-opener(CAGE), and the assessment of alcohol policy needs in community population questions were used. RESULTS: The lifetime experience of alcohol drinking was 97.4%. For the frequency of drinking, 21.9% of population responded 2 to 4 times per weekly. 24.4% of male had one time or more high risk drinking, defined as having four or more drinks in a sitting, per week. 51.6% experienced the first time drinking of alcohol in adolescence. The lifetime prevalence of hazardous drinking and alcohol use disorder were 14.9% and 3.3%, respectively using AUDIT. Alcohol use disorder were 9.6% with the CAGE scale. Problem drinking were 8.4% in this study. They requested the program such as prevention education(57.2%), construction of liaison system to treatment facilities( 50.1%), alcohol counseling and intervention(41.7%), and rehabilitation program(39.8%). CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate that alcohol problem and alcohol use disorder were much prevalent, and these problem started in the earlier age. It is necessary to develop an effective alcohol prevention program or policy with considering the needs in community population.
Adolescent ; Alcohol Drinking ; Counseling ; Drinking ; Humans ; Korea ; Male ; Prevalence ; Questionnaires ; Weights and Measures

Scedosporium apiospermum, an asexual state of Pseudallescheria boydii, is a widely distributed mould that can be found in the soil, manure, stagnant water and decaying vegetation. It has become an emerging pathogen among immunosuppressed patients but it can also cause infections in immunocompetent patients by penetrating trauma. This fungus is a classical cause of mycetoma and the localized skin infections caused by this mould are much rarer than mycetoma. We report a case of cutaneous S. apiospermum infection in a 79-year-old woman. She had erythematous plaque with crust and violaceous supprative nodules on the right forearm. The culture from pus showed typical white to gray colored cottony colonies of S. apiospermum. Treatment was started with voriconazole effectively. Skin lesions completely cured with no reccurence. Thus, voriconazole shows to be an effective treatment for Scedosporium infection.
Female ; Forearm ; Fungi ; Humans ; Manure ; Mycetoma ; Pseudallescheria ; Pyrimidines ; Scedosporium ; Skin ; Soil ; Suppuration ; Triazoles