【Objective】 To investigate the clinical application of self-developed magnetic anchoring device for assisting thoracoscopic pulmonary resection. 【Methods】 Eleven patients underwent thoracoscopic pulmonary assisted with resection magnetic anchoring technique at the Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, from March to May 2019. Their clinical data were retrospectively analyzed. The operation time, blood loss, blood transfusion volume, postoperative hospital stay, and postoperative complications were recorded. 【Results】 There were seven male and four female patients, with the average age of (51.6±13.9) years (range from 22 to 69 years). Three single-port and eight single-utility-port thoracoscopic surgeries were performed. Magnetic instruments provided good surgical field exposure in all operations. Among 11 surgeries, one was converted to thoracotomy and one to three-hole surgery due to enlargement and adhesion of hilar lymph nodes. The operation time was (107.8±63.1) minutes (range of 27-182 minutes). The blood loss was 50 (10-50)mL (range of 5-1 000 mL). No blood transfusion was needed during the operation. The postoperative hospital stay was (5.0±1.8) days (range of 3-9 days). No postoperative complications occurred in all the patients. 【Conclusion】 Magnetic anchor technique can effectively alleviate the "chopstick effect" in thoracoscopic surgery. Magnetic anchor technique is safe and feasible in assisting thoracoscopic pulmonary resection.

ObjectiveTo study the correlation of high-risk human papillomavirus 16 and 18 (HPV16/18) infections with the risk of prostate cancer (PCa) and their association with the clinicopathologic indexes of PCa.

METHODSWe collected tissue samples from 75 cases of PCa and 73 cases of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). We detected HPV16/18 infections in the samples by immunohistochemistry and PCR combined with reverse dot blot (RDB) assay.

RESULTSImmunohistochemistry revealed 16 cases of HPV16/18 positive in the PCa (21.3%) and 7 cases in the BPH samples (9.5%), with statistically significant difference between the two groups (P=0.049). PCR combined with RDB assay showed 17 cases of HPV16 infection (22.6%) and 13 cases of HPV18 infection (17.8%), including 4 cases of HPV16/18 positive, in the PCa group, remarkably higher than 6 cases of HPV16 infection (8.2%), 3 cases of HPV18 infection (4.1%) and no HPV16/18 positive in the BPH controls (P=0.001). No significant differences were observed between the result of immunohistochemistry and that of PCR combined with RDB assay (P=0.069). The risk of HPV16/18 infections was found to be correlated with the clinical T-stage and Gleason score of PCa (P<0.05 ) but not with the patient's age, PSA level or lymph node metastasis (P>0.05 ).

CONCLUSIONSHigh-risk HPV16/18 infections are correlated with the risk of prostate cancer.

Human papillomavirus 16 ; Human papillomavirus 18 ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Male ; Neoplasm Grading ; Papillomavirus Infections ; epidemiology ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; epidemiology ; virology ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; epidemiology ; virology

OBJECTIVETo study the possible clonal origin of neuroendocrine cells in colorectal adenocarcinoma.

METHODSTwenty-six microsatellite loci were screened using laser capture microdissection, DNA extraction and whole genome amplification. Microsatellite instability (MSI) and loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in adenocarcinoma cells and neuroendocrine cells amongst 30 cases of colorectal carcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation were detected using polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP)-silver staining. The mutation status of p53 was evaluated by PCR-sequencing. The clonal origin of neuroendocrine cells in colorectal adenocarcinoma was determined.

RESULTSAmongst the 30 cases studied, the prevalence of MSI was 16.9% while that of LOH was 8.5%. The rate showed no statistically significant difference between adenocarcinoma cells and neuroendocrine cells. In 6 cases, the microsatellite alteration was entirely consistent. In 23 cases, the rate of microsatellite alteration consistency was greater than that of inconsistency. In 1 case, the consistency and inconsistency rates were identical. There was statistically significant difference between consistency and inconsistency of microsatellite alteration. The prevalence of p53 mutation was 16.7% which was the same for both adenocarcinoma cells and neuroendocrine cells.

CONCLUSIONSAdenocarcinoma cells and neuroendocrine cells in colorectal adenocarcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation have similar biologic changes. It is likely that they are of identical origin.

Adenocarcinoma ; genetics ; pathology ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; genetics ; pathology ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; Humans ; Laser Capture Microdissection ; Loss of Heterozygosity ; Microsatellite Instability ; Neuroendocrine Cells ; pathology ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 ; genetics

BACKGROUNDDysregulated metallothionein 2A (MT2A) has been implicated in carcinogenesis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression of MT2A in gastric cancer (GC) and its correlation with prognosis.

METHODSReverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and real-time polymerase chain reaction were used to detect the mRNA expression of MT2A in 12 GC cell lines, normal gastric epithelial GES-1 cells, and 36 GC and adjacent normal tissues. MT2A protein expression was determined in 258 GC tissues and 171 adjacent normal tissues by immunohistochemistry.

RESULTSMT2A mRNA expression was lower in GC cells and primary tumors than in GES-1 cells and adjacent normal tissues, respectively. High protein expression of MT2A was present in 130 of 171 normal tissues (76.0%) and in 56 of 258 GC tissues (21.7%; P < 0.001). MT2A protein expression was higher in well/moderately differentiated GC (22/54; 40.7%) than in poorly differentiated GC (34/204; 16.7%; P < 0.001). Moreover, the protein expression of MT2A was lower in diffuse-type GC (6/82; 7.3%) than in intestinal-type GC (50/176; 28.4%; P = 0.0001). Importantly, MT2A expression was an independent prognostic factor for GC, and decreased MT2A expression was associated with poor clinical outcome (P < 0.001). The expression status of MT2A could predict prognosis in intestinal and diffuse-type GCs.

CONCLUSIONExpression status of MT2A might be a useful prognostic biomarker for GC, especially when used in combination with Lauren's classification.

Adult ; Aged ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Female ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Metallothionein ; analysis ; genetics ; MicroRNAs ; analysis ; Middle Aged ; Prognosis ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Stomach Neoplasms ; chemistry ; classification ; pathology

BACKGROUNDRoux-en-Y gastric bypass (GBP) is the main surgical procedure used in type 2 diabetes. The objective of this study was to evaluate the different types of GBP in treatment of type 2 diabetes.

METHODSPatients with type 2 diabetes were randomly divided into two groups: those who underwent gastrojejunal loop anastomosis bypass and those who underwent gastrojejunal Roux-en-Y bypass. Blood glucose alterations, operation time, and operation complications were observed.

RESULTSGastrojejunal loop anastomosis bypass and gastrojejunal Roux-en-Y bypass were both effective in the treatment of selected patients with type 2 diabetes. Compared with gastrojejunal Roux-en-Y bypass, gastrojejunal loop anastomosis bypass had the advantages of easier implementation, shorter operation time, and fewer operation complications.

CONCLUSIONSGastrojejunal loop anastomosis is effective in treatment of type 2 diabetes. It is safe, easy to implement, and worthy of clinical popularization.

Adult ; Anastomosis, Roux-en-Y ; Blood Glucose ; metabolism ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; blood ; surgery ; Female ; Gastric Bypass ; methods ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Treatment Outcome

This study was aimed to observe the effects of siRNA on Livin expression and function in K562 cells. Livin siRNA were designed and synthesized, then were transfected into K562 cells by using AMAXA nucle transfactor. Expressions of Livin mRNA and protein in transfected K562 cells was detected by RT-PCR and Western blot respectively. Non-transfected cells were used as control. The enhanced green fluorescent protein plasmid was used as positive control and the transfection efficiency was detected by flow cytometry. Cell apoptosis was measured by flow cytometry with Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining. The results showed that the transfection efficiency of electroporation method was about 50. The synthesized siRNA inhibited livin expression at both mRNA and protein levels. The rate of K562 cell apoptosis increased from (9.63 ± 0.89) in control group to (12.07 ± 1.39) and (27.41 ± 2.30) at 24 h and 48 h after transfection, respectively (P < 0.05). It is concluded that the siRNA can inhibit anti-apoptosis of livin gene via down-regulating livin gene expression, which may provide the new method for anti-leukemia study.
Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing ; genetics ; Apoptosis ; genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic ; Humans ; Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins ; genetics ; K562 Cells ; Neoplasm Proteins ; genetics ; RNA, Small Interfering ; genetics

Administration, Oral ; Adolescent ; Female ; Histiocytosis, Langerhans-Cell ; complications ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; pathology ; Prednisone ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Retrospective Studies ; Skin Ulcer ; drug therapy ; etiology ; pathology ; Thalidomide ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo investigate whether whole tumor cell vaccination strategies in combination with bone marrow transplantation (BMT) can stimulate graft-versus-tumor effect (GVT).

METHODSTwenty-six BALB/c mice were randomly divided into 3 groups: BMT group (group A, n = 10), BMT + vaccination group (group B, n = 10), control group (group C, n = 6). (BALB/c × C57BL/6) F1 mice [CB6F1, H-2K(b/d)] were used as donors. BALB/c mice of group C were only inoculated with Renca cell (2.6 × 10(6)). Mice of group A and B were conditioned with 8 Gy irradiation, followed by infusion by bone marrow cell of CB6F1 mice on day 1, then inoculated with Renca cell (2.6 × 10(6)) on day 8. All mice of group B were immunized subcutaneous on the back with 5 × 10(5) irradiated Renca tumor cells on day 9 and day 16. All mice of group C were inoculated with Renca cell (2.6 × 10(6)) on day 8. In group A and B, all mice were analyzed by fluorescence activated cell sorter (FACS) on day 14, and 28 day after BMT. Mice were killed on day 32 after inoculation with tumor cell and collected blood sample. All tumors were taken out to be weighed and then fixed in 10% buffered formalin, embedded in paraffin, and cut into 5 µm slices. The slices were stained with HE and examined by TdT mediated-dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL). Liver, skin, intestine, and spleen were biopsied for histopathological examination.

RESULTSThe results of chimera showed that engraftments of group A, B were full donor chimerism, and the chimerism of those remained above 90% and preserved even after 28 days. The tumor weight, tumor volume increment in the group B was lower than group A and C (P < 0.05). The tumor suppressing rates of the group A and B were 54%, 60% respectively. The area ratio of tumor necrosis and apoptosis index (AI) of the tumor in the group B were higher than group A and C (P < 0.05). Graft-versus-host disease was not observed in each group.

CONCLUSIONThe mechanism of GVT after haploidentical allogeneic bone marrow transplantation with tumor vaccination may be the promotion of tumor necrosis and apoptosis.

Animals ; Bone Marrow Transplantation ; immunology ; Cancer Vaccines ; immunology ; Carcinoma, Renal Cell ; immunology ; therapy ; Cells, Cultured ; Disease Models, Animal ; Graft vs Tumor Effect ; immunology ; Kidney Neoplasms ; immunology ; therapy ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Transplantation Chimera ; immunology

BACKGROUNDHuman epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2) is one of the most important prediction factors, but only 25% - 30% of breast cancer patients HER2 are positive. It is unknown whether there are other molecular markers that could be used to predict prognosis and recurrence in HER2 negative patients. This study investigated correlations of cyclin A2 and HER2 levels with clinical outcomes in 281 patients with invasive breast cancer in order to identify whether cyclin A2 can serve as a prognostic factor in HER2 negative patients.

METHODSImmunohistochemical staining was used to detect cyclin A2 and HER2 expression in 281 patients. Cyclin A2 and HER2 gene amplifications were analyzed using gene analysis and RT-PCR in 12 patients. Risk and survival estimates were analyzed using Log-rank, Kaplan-Meier, and Cox regression analysis; cyclin A2 and HER2 consistency with survival were analyzed using Kappa analysis.

RESULTSPatients with higher cyclin A2 and HER2 expressions had significantly shorter disease-free survival periods (P = 0.047 and P = 0.05, respectively). Kappa analysis performed that cyclin A2 and HER2 showed a low Kappa index (kappa = 0.37), allowing us to conclude that cyclin A2 and HER2 detect different pathologies. Gene analysis and RT-PCR showed that cyclin A2 was upregulated in patients with early relapse; the average increase was 3.69 - 2.74 fold.

CONCLUSIONSCyclin A2 and HER2 are associated with proliferation and high recurrence, particularly when combined. Cyclin A2 is easily detected by nuclear staining and might be a useful biomarker for recurrence risk in HER2 negative patients.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Breast Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; Cyclin A2 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Middle Aged ; Multivariate Analysis ; Receptor, ErbB-2 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction

OBJECTIVEto explore the characteristic factors of arteriovenous malformation (AVM) which have statistically significant correlation with hemodynamic aneurysms.

METHODSfrom August 1999 to July 2009, the clinical and imaging indices of 363 consecutive patients with AVM were retrospectively reviewed and entirely statistically analyzed. There were 229 male patients and 137 female patients, the mean age at the time of presentation was 28 ± 13 years. By using SPSS 16.0 medical statistic software, the correlation were analyzed between hemodynamic aneurysms and 13 characteristic factors associated with AVM through the methods of unit-factor and multi-factor analysis. Finally, the risk of the correlative factors filtered were evaluated.

RESULTSthe crosstabs analysis of unit-factor strongly suggested that the following factors, including age, location (supertentorium, subtentorium), size, number of main feeding arteries, number of drainage veins, ectasis of drainage veins, contralateral supply, and supply by both anterior and posterior circulation, were correlated with hemodynamic aneurysms. And the results of regression analysis of multi-factors indicated the following factors, including age, number of main feeding arteries, and contralateral supply, were positively correlated with hemodynamic aneurysms and the number of drainage veins were negatively correlated with hemodynamic aneurysms.

CONCLUSIONthe factors including age, number of main feeding arteries, number of drainage veins and contralateral supply, are highly correlated with hemodynamic aneurysms.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Age Factors ; Aged ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Intracranial Aneurysm ; etiology ; Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations ; complications ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Multivariate Analysis ; Retrospective Studies ; Young Adult