ObjectiveTo investigate the mechanisms of Panax notoginseng saponins （PNS） in inhibiting high shear-induced platelet aggregation and thrombosis via the Piezo1-mediated calcium signaling pathway. MethodBioflux1000z was used for the microfluidic assay， where platelets were stimulated with physiological shear rate （500 s^-1）， pathological shear rate （12 000 s^-1）， or Piezo1 agonist Yoda1 under the physiological shear rate （500 s^-1）. The shear-induced platelet calcium influx and the binding of platelet with von Willebrand factor （vWF） were measured by flow cytometry. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） was employed to measure the vWF release from platelets. The microfluidic channels were used to determine the vWF-mediated platelet aggregation and integrin αⅡbβ3 activation. A mouse model of arterial thrombosis induced by high shear stress combined with endothelial injury was established. The ultrasonic Doppler flow meter was used to monitor the cyclic flow reduction （CFR） caused by the repeated formation and shedding of thrombi， and flow cytometry was employed to examine platelet-vWF binding， on the basis of which the effect of PNS on high shear-induced arterial thrombosis was evaluated. ResultThe microfluidic assay showed that PNS decreased the high shear rate （12 000 s^-1） or Yoda1-induced calcium influx， platelet-vWF binding， vWF-mediated platelet-fibrinogen binding， and vWF release from platelet alpha-granules in a dose-dependent manner. In the mouse model of high shear-induced thrombosis， PNS markedly reduced the CFR and occlusion time of the common carotid artery and inhibited platelet-vWF binding. ConclusionPNS can mitigate pathological shear-induced platelet aggregation and arterial thrombosis via influencing Piezo1/GPIbα-vWF signaling.

To study the effects of different drying methods on the quality of male flowers of Eucommia ulmoides(MFOEU), we treated fresh MFOEU samples with drying in the shade(DS), vacuum freeze drying(VFD), high-or low-temperature hot air drying(HTHAD, LTHAD), microwave drying(MD), and vacuum drying(VD), respectively. The color, total flavonoid content, total polysaccharide content, and main active components such as geniposide, geniposidic acid, rutin, chlorogenic acid, galuteolin, pinoresinol diglucoside, and aucubin in MFOEU were taken as the evaluation indicators. The quality of MFOEU was comprehensively evaluated by entropy weight method combined with color index method, partial least squares discriminant analysis and content clustering heat map. The experimental results showed that VFD and DS basically kept the original color of MFOEU. The MFOEU treated with MD had higher content of total polysaccharides, phenylpropanoids, lignans, and iridoids. The MFOEU treated with LTHAD had higher content of total flavonoids and that treated with VD had lower content of active components. According to the results of comprehensive evaluation, the quality of MFOEU dried with different methods followed the order of MD>HTHAD>VFD>LTHAD>DS>VD. Considering the color of MFOEU, the suitable drying methods were DS and VFD. Considering the color, active components, and economic benefits of MFOEU, MD was the suitable drying method. The results of this study are of a reference value for the determination of suitable methods for MFOEU processing in the producing areas.
Eucommiaceae/chemistry* ; Flowers/chemistry* ; Flavonoids/analysis* ; Rutin/analysis* ; Chlorogenic Acid/analysis*

Ischemic stroke is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. In Han dynasty， HUA Tuo proposed the original preventive medicine idea that "with good blood circulation， the disease cannot be born"， which opened a broad space for the cross-research of blood-related mechanical factors and pharmacology. In the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke， mechanical factors comprehensively affect the function and crosstalk of platelets and endothelial cells. In recent years， as the well-known effects on thrombosis and stroke， more attention has been paid to hemodynamic factors as the participants involved in pathological mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets of ischemic stroke. The mechanical force ion channel Piezo1 widely exists on the surface of many types of cells. Besides being regulated by chemical and endogenous substances， Piezo1 responds to different mechanical conditions， regulates the opening and closing of channels， and activates different downstream signaling pathways. Piezo1 is now regarded as an important connection between mechanical and biochemical signals. A variety of Chinese medicine can affect the activity of Piezo1 protein， which may prevent and treat thrombotic diseases such as ischemic stroke through Piezo1 protein. In this paper， the effects of Piezo1 protein on the physiological and pathological functions of endothelial cells and platelet under different mechanical conditions and the role of Piezo1 in the process of thrombosis were reviewed， as well as the effects of Chinese medicine， chemical medicine， and endogenous substances targeting Piezo1 channel. These could provide new ideas for further exploring the mechanisms of Chinese medicines in activating blood circulation， developing new drugs， and deepening biomechanical-pharmacology research.

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) has shown promising results in patients with locally advanced penile cancer. However, no consensus exists on its applications for locally advanced penile cancer. Thus, it is unclear which kind of chemotherapy regimen is the best choice. Consequently, a systematic search of PubMed, Web of Science, and EMBASE was performed in March 2021 to assess the efficacy and safety of NAC for the treatment of patients with locally advanced penile cancer. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to assess the risk of bias in each study. This study synthesized 14 published studies. The study revealed that patients who achieved an objective response to NAC obtained a better survival outcome compared with those who did not achieve an objective response. In addition, the objective response rates (ORRs) and pathological complete response (pCR) rates were 0.57 and 0.11, respectively. The incidence of grade ≥3 toxicity was 0.36. Subgroup analysis found that the ORR and pCR of the taxane-platinum (TP) regimen group performed better than those of the nontaxane-platinum (NTP) regimen group (0.57 vs 0.54 and 0.14 vs 0.07, respectively). Moreover, the TP regimen group had more frequent toxicity than the NTP regimen group (0.41 vs 0.26). However, further studies were warranted to confirm the findings.
Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use* ; Humans ; Male ; Neoadjuvant Therapy/methods* ; Penile Neoplasms/drug therapy* ; Platinum ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the disease spectrums underlying orthostatic intolerance (OI) and sitting intolerance (SI) in Chinese children, and to understand the clinical empirical treatment options. METHODS: The medical records including history, physical examination, laboratory examination, and imagological examination of children were retrospectively studied in Peking University First Hospital from 2012 to 2021. All the children who met the diagnostic criteria of OI and SI were enrolled in the study. The disease spectrums underlying OI and SI and treatment options during the last 10 years were analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 2 110 cases of OI and SI patients were collected in the last 10 years, including 943 males (44.69%) and 1 167 females (55.31%) aged 4－18 years, with an average of (11.34±2.84) years. The overall case number was in an increasing trend over the year. In the OI spectrum, postural tachycardia syndrome (POTS) accounted for 826 cases (39.15%), followed by vasovagal syncope (VVS) (634 cases, 30.05%). The highest proportion of SI spectrum was sitting tachycardia (STS) (8 cases, 0.38%), followed by sitting hypertension (SHT) (2 cases, 0.09%). The most common comorbidity of OI and SI was POTS coexisting with STS (36 cases, 1.71%). The highest proportion of treatment options was autonomic nerve function exercise (757 cases, 35.88%), followed by oral rehydration salts (ORS) (687 cases, 32.56%), metoprolol (307 cases, 14.55%), midodrine (142 cases, 6.73%), ORS plus metoprolol (138 cases, 6.54%), and ORS plus midodrine (79 cases, 3.74%). The patients with POTS coexisting with VVS were more likely to receive pharmacological intervention than the patients with POTS and the patients with VVS (41.95% vs. 30.51% vs. 28.08%, χ²= 20.319, P < 0.01), but there was no significant difference in the proportion of treatment options between the patients with POTS and the patients with VVS. CONCLUSION POTS and VVS in children are the main underlying diseases of OI, while SI is a new disease discovered recently. The number of children with OI and SI showed an increasing trend. The main treatment methods are autonomic nerve function exercise and ORS. Children with VVS coexisting with POTS were more likely to take pharmacological treatments than those with VVS or POTS only.
Child ; Electrolytes ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Metoprolol ; Midodrine ; Orthostatic Intolerance/therapy* ; Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome/diagnosis* ; Retrospective Studies ; Salts ; Sitting Position ; Syncope, Vasovagal/diagnosis* ; Tilt-Table Test

The Dendrobium species are rare and endangered medicinal plants, and it is difficult to investigate their wild resources with conventional methods because of typical epiphytic herbaceous. We explored Dendrobium resources(include culture resource) of Qinba Mountains and the boundary Mountain area in Hubei, Chongqing using the methods of literatures and field investigation, and found that the cultural base of Dendrobium were profound in Qinba Mountains region. Furthermore, its germplasm resources of Dendrobium were established for the first time in Wanzhou Luotian town. In case the advantages of local rock resources and poverty alleviation demand, we have actively carried out the cultivating mode of Dendrobium which grow on rock, and the poverty alleviation model of local characteristic Dendrobium industry were established preliminarily. Our application case can provide reference for the mining and transformation of traditional Chinese medicine resources census results.
Agriculture ; economics ; China ; Dendrobium ; growth & development ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Plants, Medicinal ; growth & development ; Poverty

Objective:To explore the clinical characteristics of the co-morbidity of vasovagal syncope (VVS) and postural tachycardia syndrome (POTS) with allergic diseases in children.Methods:A retrospective analysis was launched to summarize the clinical data of children with VVS and POTS.They were divided into allergic group and non-allergic group according to the history of allergic diseases.The participants' clinical characteristics were compared between allergic group and non-allergic group using independent sample t test or rank sum test;composition comparisons were completed by Chi-square test.Bi-variate correlation analysis was used to explore the association between eosinophil percentage/count and symptom scores/frequency of syncope episodes.A P value ＜ 0.05 was defined as statistically significant.Results:Sixty-seven children complaining of orthostatic intolerance (43 patients diagnosed as VVS and 24 cases diagnosed as POTS) were enrolled.Totally 21 cases (31％) had allergic diseases,inclu ding allergic rhinitis,atopic eczema,asthma,as well as food allergy.And allergic rhinitis is the most common co-morbidity.There were no significant differences between the two groups in age,gender ratio,height,body weight and basement blood pressure.Compared with the non-allergic group,the allergic group showed later onset age (year) (11 ± 2 vs.9 ± 3,P ＜ 0.05) of orthostatic intolerance and shorter course of the diseases (month) [8.0 (0.1,0.1) vs.24.0 (0.1,144.0),P＜0.05].The frequency of syncope episodes in the allergic group among VVS children (times per month) [2.50 (0.08,30.00) vs.O.25 (0.03,5.00),P ＜ 0.05] was much higher than that in the non-allergic group.Additionally,the eosinophil percentage (％) [3.50 (0.70,0.59) vs.1.65 (0.30,6.20),P＜0.001] and eosino phil count (×109) [0.18 (0.05,0.71) vs.0.10 (0.02,0.38),P＜0.001] were increased in the allergic group.However,there were no remarkable differences in the results of head-up tilt test in children with VVS or in the maximum change of heart rate during standing test in children with POTS were involved.Conclusion:Allergic diseases are common co-morbidities in children with both VVS and POTS.Allergic rhinitis is the most common co-morbidity.Children with co-morbidity of VVS/POTS and allergic diseases had a later onset of symptoms of orthostatic intolerance,and were more likely to be hospitalized for intensive attacks of symptoms during a short period when compared with those without allergic diseases.Children diagnosed as VVS combined with allergic diseases had more frequent episodes of syncope.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the risk factors for the development of congenital anal atresia in neonates.

METHODSA total of 70 neonates who were admitted to 17 hospitals in Foshan, China from January 2011 to December 2014 were enrolled as case group, and another 70 neonates who were hospitalized during the same period and had no anal atresia or other severe deformities were enrolled as control group. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to investigate the risk factors for the development of congenital anal atresia.

RESULTSThe univariate analysis revealed that the age of mothers, presence of oral administration of folic acid, infection during early pregnancy, and polyhydramnios, and sex of neonates showed significant differences between the case and control groups (P<0.05). The multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that infection during early pregnancy (OR=18.776) and male neonates (OR=9.304) were risk factors for congenital anal atresia, and oral administration of folic acid during early pregnancy was the protective factor (OR=0.086).

CONCLUSIONSInfection during early pregnancy is the risk factor for congenital anal atresia, and male neonates are more likely to develop congenital anal atresia than female neonates. Supplementation of folic acid during early pregnancy can reduce the risk of congenital anal atresia.

Anus, Imperforate ; etiology ; Female ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Pregnancy ; Risk Factors

[Abstract ] Objective: To assess the safety and efficacy of retractorless surgery in spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage .Methods :Fity‐six cases of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage treated by retractorless surgery and 59 cases treated by retractor surgery from January 2013 to December 2015 were included .Brain retraction injury rate , hematoma removal rate ,rebleeding rate ,operation time ,90‐day modified Rankin score and mortality rate were observed in the two groups .Results:All operations in the retractorless group were successfully completed without the retractor .There was no significant difference in hematoma removal rate ,rebleeding rate ,operation time and mortality between the two groups .The brain retraction injury rate in the retractorless group was significantly lower than that in the retractor group (P<0 .01) .90‐day modified Rankin score in the retractorless group was significantly better than that in the retractor group . Conclusions :Retractorless surgery can not only reduce the brain retraction injury , but also improve the prognosis of patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage in the operation of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage .

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of decitabine and plasma of ITP patients on in vitro cultrue of megakaryocytes in bone marrow of steroid-resistant ITP patients.

METHODSBone marrow mononuclear cells were isolated from 20 steroid-resistant ITP patients, both methyl cellulose semisolid culture system (to observe and count the number of megakaryocytes colony-forming unit) and liquid culture system (to analysis the expression rate of CD41a(+) cells) were used for megakaryocyte cultrue. The experiments were divided into 4 groups according to the different components of the culture system, group A was control, group B was added with decitabine, group C with ITP plasma, group D with both decitabine and ITP plasma, and the rest of the culture components were the same in the 4 groups except the above-mentioned materials. Morphology of megakaryocytes was observed by inverted and light microscopy. The expression rate of CD41a⁺ cells in culture was analysed by flow cytometric.

RESULTSDifferent concentration of decitabine showed different effect on megakaryocyte growth of steroid-resistant ITP patients and the optimal concentration to differentiate into megakaryocyte for bone marrow mononuclear cells is 3.0 µmol/L. Compared with group A, both megakaryocyte colony forming units (CFU) and expression rate of CD41a⁺ cells in group B were statistically significantly higher (P < 0.05). As compared with group A, the megakaryocyte colony-forming units in group C decreased with statistically significant difference, while compared with group C, the megakaryocyte colony-forming units in group D obviously increased with statistically significant difference.

CONCLUSIONSDecitabine is able to induce bone marrow mononuclear cells of steroid-resistant ITP patients to differentiate into megakaryocyte and the optimal concentration is 3.0 µmol/L; ITP plasma is able to inhibit the megakaryocyte growth of steroid-resistant ITP patients.

Azacitidine ; analogs & derivatives ; Bone Marrow ; Bone Marrow Cells ; Drug Resistance ; Flow Cytometry ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells ; Humans ; Inosine Triphosphate ; Megakaryocytes ; Stem Cells ; Steroids