The growth of minimally invasive techniques in spine surgery has accelerated in recent years, leading to development of new techniques and technology such as robotic-assisted spine surgery and full-endoscopic surgery. While robotic spine surgery offers the potential of increased precision and accuracy in instrumentation, endoscopic techniques are beneficial in reducing collateral tissue damage and allowing patients a faster return to function. We describe a case where we combine a robotic guidance system with a full-endoscopic technique, the trans-superior articular process decompression. We aim to share our experience as well as an overview of the surgical technique.

The growth of minimally invasive techniques in spine surgery has accelerated in recent years, leading to development of new techniques and technology such as robotic-assisted spine surgery and full-endoscopic surgery. While robotic spine surgery offers the potential of increased precision and accuracy in instrumentation, endoscopic techniques are beneficial in reducing collateral tissue damage and allowing patients a faster return to function. We describe a case where we combine a robotic guidance system with a full-endoscopic technique, the trans-superior articular process decompression. We aim to share our experience as well as an overview of the surgical technique.

The growth of minimally invasive techniques in spine surgery has accelerated in recent years, leading to development of new techniques and technology such as robotic-assisted spine surgery and full-endoscopic surgery. While robotic spine surgery offers the potential of increased precision and accuracy in instrumentation, endoscopic techniques are beneficial in reducing collateral tissue damage and allowing patients a faster return to function. We describe a case where we combine a robotic guidance system with a full-endoscopic technique, the trans-superior articular process decompression. We aim to share our experience as well as an overview of the surgical technique.

The growth of minimally invasive techniques in spine surgery has accelerated in recent years, leading to development of new techniques and technology such as robotic-assisted spine surgery and full-endoscopic surgery. While robotic spine surgery offers the potential of increased precision and accuracy in instrumentation, endoscopic techniques are beneficial in reducing collateral tissue damage and allowing patients a faster return to function. We describe a case where we combine a robotic guidance system with a full-endoscopic technique, the trans-superior articular process decompression. We aim to share our experience as well as an overview of the surgical technique.

The growth of minimally invasive techniques in spine surgery has accelerated in recent years, leading to development of new techniques and technology such as robotic-assisted spine surgery and full-endoscopic surgery. While robotic spine surgery offers the potential of increased precision and accuracy in instrumentation, endoscopic techniques are beneficial in reducing collateral tissue damage and allowing patients a faster return to function. We describe a case where we combine a robotic guidance system with a full-endoscopic technique, the trans-superior articular process decompression. We aim to share our experience as well as an overview of the surgical technique.

Objective: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a significant respiratory disorder in premature infants, and its prevalence remains high at 35% to 40% of very low gestational age (<28 weeks gestation). The aim of this study is to analyze the respiratory outcomes of BPD in neonatal intensive care unit as well as respiratory outcomes over a corrected age of 18 to 24 months using 3 different definitions of BPD (National Institutes of Health [NIH] 2001, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development [NICHD] 2018 and Jensen 2019). Methods: We conducted a study on infants under 32 weeks of gestation between 2012 and 2021 at Ajou university hospital. First, we compared the incidence of BPD, mortality, and length of hospital stays. To evaluate long-term respiratory outcomes, the number of re-admissions and prescriptions due to respiratory problems were analyzed. Results: NIH 2001 showed an incidence of 281 (40.0%), NICHD 2018 showed 139 (19.7%), and Jensen 2019 showed 137 (19.5%). In grade III of Jensen 2019, it demonstrated the highest severity with mortality rate of 29.4% and an average length of hospital stay of 42.5 weeks. Also, it was confirmed that the period of use of invasive ventilator was the longest at 87.8±60.3 days. In the analysis of readmission and prescription counts, grade III showed statistically significant higher occurrences in both NICHD 2018 and Jensen 2019 than NIH 2001. Conclusion The latest definitions of BPD have demonstrated to better represent both short-term and long-term respiratory severity in premature infants less than 32 weeks.

Objective: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a significant respiratory disorder in premature infants, and its prevalence remains high at 35% to 40% of very low gestational age (<28 weeks gestation). The aim of this study is to analyze the respiratory outcomes of BPD in neonatal intensive care unit as well as respiratory outcomes over a corrected age of 18 to 24 months using 3 different definitions of BPD (National Institutes of Health [NIH] 2001, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development [NICHD] 2018 and Jensen 2019). Methods: We conducted a study on infants under 32 weeks of gestation between 2012 and 2021 at Ajou university hospital. First, we compared the incidence of BPD, mortality, and length of hospital stays. To evaluate long-term respiratory outcomes, the number of re-admissions and prescriptions due to respiratory problems were analyzed. Results: NIH 2001 showed an incidence of 281 (40.0%), NICHD 2018 showed 139 (19.7%), and Jensen 2019 showed 137 (19.5%). In grade III of Jensen 2019, it demonstrated the highest severity with mortality rate of 29.4% and an average length of hospital stay of 42.5 weeks. Also, it was confirmed that the period of use of invasive ventilator was the longest at 87.8±60.3 days. In the analysis of readmission and prescription counts, grade III showed statistically significant higher occurrences in both NICHD 2018 and Jensen 2019 than NIH 2001. Conclusion The latest definitions of BPD have demonstrated to better represent both short-term and long-term respiratory severity in premature infants less than 32 weeks.

Objective: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a significant respiratory disorder in premature infants, and its prevalence remains high at 35% to 40% of very low gestational age (<28 weeks gestation). The aim of this study is to analyze the respiratory outcomes of BPD in neonatal intensive care unit as well as respiratory outcomes over a corrected age of 18 to 24 months using 3 different definitions of BPD (National Institutes of Health [NIH] 2001, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development [NICHD] 2018 and Jensen 2019). Methods: We conducted a study on infants under 32 weeks of gestation between 2012 and 2021 at Ajou university hospital. First, we compared the incidence of BPD, mortality, and length of hospital stays. To evaluate long-term respiratory outcomes, the number of re-admissions and prescriptions due to respiratory problems were analyzed. Results: NIH 2001 showed an incidence of 281 (40.0%), NICHD 2018 showed 139 (19.7%), and Jensen 2019 showed 137 (19.5%). In grade III of Jensen 2019, it demonstrated the highest severity with mortality rate of 29.4% and an average length of hospital stay of 42.5 weeks. Also, it was confirmed that the period of use of invasive ventilator was the longest at 87.8±60.3 days. In the analysis of readmission and prescription counts, grade III showed statistically significant higher occurrences in both NICHD 2018 and Jensen 2019 than NIH 2001. Conclusion The latest definitions of BPD have demonstrated to better represent both short-term and long-term respiratory severity in premature infants less than 32 weeks.

Objective: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a significant respiratory disorder in premature infants, and its prevalence remains high at 35% to 40% of very low gestational age (<28 weeks gestation). The aim of this study is to analyze the respiratory outcomes of BPD in neonatal intensive care unit as well as respiratory outcomes over a corrected age of 18 to 24 months using 3 different definitions of BPD (National Institutes of Health [NIH] 2001, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development [NICHD] 2018 and Jensen 2019). Methods: We conducted a study on infants under 32 weeks of gestation between 2012 and 2021 at Ajou university hospital. First, we compared the incidence of BPD, mortality, and length of hospital stays. To evaluate long-term respiratory outcomes, the number of re-admissions and prescriptions due to respiratory problems were analyzed. Results: NIH 2001 showed an incidence of 281 (40.0%), NICHD 2018 showed 139 (19.7%), and Jensen 2019 showed 137 (19.5%). In grade III of Jensen 2019, it demonstrated the highest severity with mortality rate of 29.4% and an average length of hospital stay of 42.5 weeks. Also, it was confirmed that the period of use of invasive ventilator was the longest at 87.8±60.3 days. In the analysis of readmission and prescription counts, grade III showed statistically significant higher occurrences in both NICHD 2018 and Jensen 2019 than NIH 2001. Conclusion The latest definitions of BPD have demonstrated to better represent both short-term and long-term respiratory severity in premature infants less than 32 weeks.

Objective: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a significant respiratory disorder in premature infants, and its prevalence remains high at 35% to 40% of very low gestational age (<28 weeks gestation). The aim of this study is to analyze the respiratory outcomes of BPD in neonatal intensive care unit as well as respiratory outcomes over a corrected age of 18 to 24 months using 3 different definitions of BPD (National Institutes of Health [NIH] 2001, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development [NICHD] 2018 and Jensen 2019). Methods: We conducted a study on infants under 32 weeks of gestation between 2012 and 2021 at Ajou university hospital. First, we compared the incidence of BPD, mortality, and length of hospital stays. To evaluate long-term respiratory outcomes, the number of re-admissions and prescriptions due to respiratory problems were analyzed. Results: NIH 2001 showed an incidence of 281 (40.0%), NICHD 2018 showed 139 (19.7%), and Jensen 2019 showed 137 (19.5%). In grade III of Jensen 2019, it demonstrated the highest severity with mortality rate of 29.4% and an average length of hospital stay of 42.5 weeks. Also, it was confirmed that the period of use of invasive ventilator was the longest at 87.8±60.3 days. In the analysis of readmission and prescription counts, grade III showed statistically significant higher occurrences in both NICHD 2018 and Jensen 2019 than NIH 2001. Conclusion The latest definitions of BPD have demonstrated to better represent both short-term and long-term respiratory severity in premature infants less than 32 weeks.