PROPOSE: Ureteral stents are commonly placed after routine ureteroscopic procedures to prevent acute obstruction. However, stents can cause significant symptoms and they can require a secondary procedure for removal; further, they may possibly be forgotten. In order to overcome these problems, a temporary ureteral drainage stent capable of dissolving spontaneously was developed to evaluate the tissue reaction and toxicity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We developed a dissolvable ureteral catheter composed of polydioxanone (PDO). We evaluated the toxicity and tissue reaction by hematologic (CBC, aminotransferase/alanine transaminase (AST/ALT), blood urea nitrogen, creatinine (BUN, Cr), alkaline phosphatase) and histologic examination (ureter, kidney and liver tissue). Twelve rabbits were placed into groups of four rabbits each: the uninserted control group, group I that had a dissolvable ureteral catheter inserted with harvest at four weeks, group II that had a dissolvable ureteral catheter inserted with harvest at eight weeks, and group III that had a dissolvable ureteral catheter inserted with harvest at twelve weeks. RESULTS: On histologic examination, the ureter had a normal appearance of transitional cells and it contained the dissolvable ureteral catheter in the ureteral lumen without any inflammatory change. The ureteral surface cells appeared normal after contact with the dissolvable ureteral catheter during the 12 weeks. Liver and kidney tissue showed mild focal inflammatory change, but no definitive difference was noted between the control and groups I, II and III. On the hematologic examination, there was no significant change of the value of CBC, AST/ALT, BUN, Cr and alkaline phosphatase due to the inserted dissolvable ureteral catheter during the 12 weeks. CONCLUSIONS: A dissolvable ureteral catheter appeared to have no toxic effect, as evidenced by histological and hematological examination. However, further study is warranted in order to overcome the catheter's limitations like for its flexibility.
Alkaline Phosphatase ; Blood Urea Nitrogen ; Creatinine ; Drainage ; Kidney ; Liver ; Pliability ; Polydioxanone ; Rabbits ; Stents ; Ureter* ; Urinary Catheterization ; Urinary Catheters*

PURPOSE: Laparoscopy through the open ipsilateral hernial sac to evaluate the contralateral side in boys with unilateral inguinal hernia has been criticized because of some risk and cost. Laparoscopic evaluation of the contralateral side was modified to avoid abdominal trocar insertion by using the open ipsilateral hernia sac for instrumentation. This study was performed to determine the usability, safety, and effectiveness of this technique. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-two boys with unilateral inguinal hernia and hydrocele were evaluated using open hernial sac for diagnostic laparoscopy of the contralateral side at the time of inguinal herniorrhaphy. RESULTS: The mean age was 3.8 years. The presenting hernia was right-sided in 29 (69.0%) cases and left-sided in 13 (31.0%) cases. Based on the result of diagnostic laparoscopy 32 (76.2%) cases were negative on the contralateral side, and 10 (23.8%) were positive. After the contralateral exploration of the positive groups, 9 (90.0%) showed contralateral patent processus vaginalis. After undergone the high ligation of the patent processus vaginalis at the internal inguinal ring. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic evaluation of the contralateral side via the open ipsilateral hernial sac is feasible, quick, safe, and cost effective. It requires no additional incision. Long-term follow up is required to determine the ultimate effectiveness of this method.
Child* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hernia ; Hernia, Inguinal* ; Herniorrhaphy ; Humans ; Inguinal Canal ; Laparoscopy* ; Ligation ; Surgical Instruments

No abstract available.
Child* ; Deamino Arginine Vasopressin* ; Humans ; Imipramine*

No abstract available.
Injections, Intralesional* ; Male ; Penile Induration* ; Triamcinolone Acetonide* ; Triamcinolone* ; Verapamil*

Urethrocutaneous fistula is the most common complication of hypospadias surgery, Many techniques have been tried to prevent urethrocutaneous fistula. We introduce the technique of neourethral coverage using adjacent subcutaneous tissue or a dorsal pedicled subcutaneous flap in hypospadias repair. This method was used in a series of 25 cases between April 1996 and April 1997. We experienced only one urethrocutaneous fistula. The additional coverage of the neourethra with the subcutaneous tissue achieves the goal of non-overlapping suture lines and allows for increased vascularity. So, this technique appears to be effective in preventing urethrocutaneous fistula in hypospadias repair.
Female ; Fistula* ; Hypospadias ; Male ; Subcutaneous Tissue* ; Sutures

PURPOSE: A varicocele is the most common correctable cause of infertility in men. Conventional techniques of varicocele repair are associated with substantial risks of hydrocele formation, varicoele persistence and recurrence. The inguinal approach with classic Palomo technique was used to be simplified the procedure and to get the same good results with the Palomo technique. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From March 1990 to March 1997, we experienced surgical corrections of 54 patients with varicocele(A mean age 20.3 years) The most of patients were left-sided(96.3%). Until March 1996, surgical correction with Palomo(6 patients) and modified Palomo(13 patients) technique by retroperitoneal approach and Ivanissevich techrique(20 patients) by inguinal approach have been performed, and since April 1996, Palomo technique(15 patients) with inguinal approach has been performed, in which the entire vascular pedicle is ligated superior to the entrance of the was deferens through the inguinal incision. RESULTS: The postoperative recurrences in the modified Palomo technique occurred In two of the 13 patients(15%) and in the Ivanissevich technique in three of the 20 patients(15%). But there were no recurrences In the retroperitoneal Palomo and modified inguinal Palomo techniques. The modified inguinal Palomo technique was completed within 45.3minutes in mean duration, but the standard retroperitoneal Palomo technique within 55.2minutes, modified Palomo technique within 57.2minutes and Ivanissevich technique within 51.4minutes. There was no varicocele recurrence, hydrocele and atrophy of testis in modified inguinal Palomo techniques. CONCLUSIONS: The modified inguinal Palomo technique was easily approachable and relatively fast in our experience and had no recurrence.
Atrophy ; Humans ; Infertility ; Male ; Recurrence ; Testis ; Varicocele*

PURPOSE: In patients suffering from prostate cancer, endocrine treatment is commonly applied to either locally advanced or metastatic prostate cancer. But, there are many side effects with endocrine treatment in spite of its good response. We studied the effect of castration using absolute alcohol injection into the testis of Sprague-Dawley rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We checked and compared the serum testosterone level after surgical castration and the injection of a serial amount of alsolute alcohol into the testis of sixty Sprague-Dawley rats. The histologic findings of the testes and prostates in those injected with absolute alcohol were also evaluated. RESULTS: The testosterone level of normal control was 2.29 +/-0.47ng/ microliterand that of the bilateral orchiectomy group was 0.03 +/-0.02ng/ml. The testosterone level of the groups that were injected with absolute alcohol more than 25% of testicular weight were the same as the testosterone level of castrated rats. The histologic findings of the testes and prostates in those injected with absolute alcohol more than 25% of testicular weight were diffusely atrophied. CONCLUSIONS: We suggest that chemical orchiectomy using absolute alcohol as a new endocrine treatment is another modality in advanced prostatic cancer patients who need an orchiectomy.
Animals ; Castration ; Ethanol* ; Humans ; Orchiectomy* ; Prostate ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Testis* ; Testosterone

Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis is an uncommon form of chronic pyelonephritis occurring usually in middle-aged women. This disease is characterized by destruction of the renal parenchyma which is then replaced by granulomatous tissue containing lipid-laden macrophages (foam cells). But this disease is hard to diagnose preoperatively since it resembles renal abscess, renal cell carcinoma, renal tuberculosis and so forth. Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis in children is rare. We report a case in a 30 month-old boy.
Abscess ; Carcinoma, Renal Cell ; Child* ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Macrophages ; Male ; Pyelonephritis ; Pyelonephritis, Xanthogranulomatous* ; Tuberculosis, Renal

The loss of penile skin, either traumatic or iatrogenic, is sometimes difficult to treat. The classical modes of surgical treatment are a thick split thickness graft and burial beneath the scrotal skin. Apron method, one stage penoplasty using the scrotal skin flap in the treatment of penile denudation, is reported herein.
Burial ; Male ; Penis* ; Skin ; Transplants

Lymphangiomas are uncommon tumors that are believed to result from abnormal communication between large dermal lymphatic channels and central lymphatic system. Predilection sites are the chest, neck, axilla, buttock and thigh but may occur on almost any area of skin. Retroperitoneum is very uncommon site of lymphangiomas. They show the highest incidence of onset in infancy, the majority are present by age 5 years. Three types are distinguishable: 1) superficial lymphangioma circumscriptum and 2) deep lymphangioma cavernosum and 3) cystic lymphangioma (hygroma). We report two cases of cavernosal type of lymphangiomas with asymptomatic abdominal mass in 4-year-old female and perineal mass in 2l-year-old male patient.
Axilla ; Buttocks ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Lymphangioma* ; Lymphangioma, Cystic ; Lymphatic System ; Male ; Neck ; Skin ; Thigh ; Thorax ; Urogenital System*