Pneumococcal vaccine plays a key role in preventing diseases such as pneumonia and meningitis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae(S.pneumoniae).Capsular polysaccharide,C-polysaccharide and phosphorus content are important indicators for quality control of polysaccharide antigens in vaccine development and production.In this study,a quantitative 1H NMR and 31P NMR method based on a single internal standard hexamethylphosphoramide(HMPA)was developed to achieve simultaneous determination of capsular polysaccharide,C-polysaccharide and phosphorus content in 6A,6B,18C,19A,19F and 23F S.pneumoniae polysaccharide antigens.Using the internal reference comparison method,the effect of solubility of polysaccharide on quantitative 1H NMR determination was investigated.It was found that the determination results of quantitative 1H NMR were affected by the viscosity and concentration of polysaccharide solution.It was found that high viscosity polysaccharides at 3-15 mg/mL and low viscosity polysaccharides at 5-25 mg/mL were the optimal detection solution concentration range.This"one internal standard three quantitative"NMR method has good precision,specificity and accuracy,and provides a valuable new strategy for the quality control of pneumococcal vaccine.

Objective:To explore the effects of phased goal directed fluid therapy (GDFT) during anesthesia surgery on tissue perfusion and cognitive function in patients undergoing radical lung cancer surgery.Methods:A total of 108 lung cancer patients were prospectively selected and randomly divided into a control group and a study group using a random number table method. The control group received classical restrictive liquid therapy, while the study group received staged GDFT. We compared the surgical time, intraoperative blood loss, colloid fluid dosage, crystalloid fluid dosage, total output, and urine volume between two groups of patients; Two groups of patients were compared in terms of oxygenation index (OI), respiratory index (RI), central venous oxygen saturation (ScvO 2), lactate (Lac), central venous arterial carbon dioxide partial pressure difference (Pcv-aCO 2), oxygen supply index (DO 2I), and oxygen uptake rate (O 2ERe) before anesthesia induction (T 0), before single lung ventilation (T 1), 1 hour of single lung ventilation (T 2), immediate resumption of dual lung ventilation (T 3), 30 minutes of dual lung ventilation (T 4), and after surgery (T 5); The Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) was used to evaluate the cognitive function scores of two groups of patients 1 day before surgery and 1 and 3 days after surgery, while recording the incidence of cognitive dysfunction (POCD) and pulmonary complications (including pulmonary infection, acute lung injury, pulmonary embolism, pulmonary edema, atelectasis, etc.) within 3 days after surgery. Results:The amount of crystal fluid and urine output in the research group was significantly lower than that in the control group, while the amount of colloidal fluid was significantly higher than that in the control group (all P<0.05). The OI of the study group T 1-T 5 was significantly higher than that of the control group, while the RI of T 2-T 5 was significantly lower than that of the control group (all P<0.05). The ScvO 2 of the study group T 1 to T 5 was significantly higher than that of the control group, and the Lac was significantly lower than that of the control group (all P<0.05); The MMSE scores of both groups of patients were significantly lower than those before surgery on day 1 and 3 after surgery, and the MMSE scores of the study group were significantly higher than those of the control group on day 1 and 3 after surgery (all P<0.05). The incidence of POCD within 3 days after surgery in the study group was 16.67%(9/54), lower than 37.04%(20/54) in the control group (χ 2=5.704, P=0.017); The incidence of pulmonary complications in the study group was lower than that in the control group (5.56% vs 22.22%, χ 2=4.955, P=0.026). Conclusions:The application of staged GDFT during anesthesia in patients undergoing radical lung cancer surgery can further improve tissue perfusion, improve microcirculation and oxygen supply-demand balance of systemic organs and tissues, including the brain, alleviate perioperative brain function damage, and reduce the occurrence of postoperative POCD compared to conventional liquid therapy.

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Xiao′er Huangjin Zhike Granules in the treatment of cough caused by acute bronchitis in children, which is defined in TCM terms as a syndrome of phlegm-heat obstructing the lung.Methods:This was a block-randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter clinical trial.From January 2022 to September 2023, 359 children aged 3 to 7 years old diagnosed as acute bronchitis (lung-obstructing phlegm-heat syndrome) were enrolled from 21 participating hospitals and randomly assigned to the experimental group and placebo group in a 3︰1 ratio, and respectively treated with Xiao′er Huangjin Zhike Granules and its matching placebo.Cough resolution/general resolution rate after 7 days of treatment was used as the primary efficacy outcome for both groups.Results:(1)On the seventh day of treatment, the rate of cough disappearance/basically disappearance in the experimental group and placebo group were 73.95% and 57.61% retrospectively, which had statistically significance ( P=0.001).(2)After 7 days of treatment, the median duration of cough disappearance/basic disappearance were 5 days and 6 days in the two groups , with a statistically significant difference ( P=0.006).The area under the curve of cough symptom severity time was 7.20 ± 3.79 in the experimental group and 8.20±4.42 in the placebo group.The difference between the two groups was statistically significant ( P=0.039).(3) After 7 days of treatment, the difference between TCM syndrome score and baseline was -16.0 (-20.0, -15.0) points in the experimental group and -15.0 (-18.0, -12.0) points in the placebo group, with significant difference between the two groups ( P=0.004).In the experimental group, the clinical control rate, the markedly effective rate, the effective rate and the ineffective rate were 49.04%, 28.35%, 16.48% and 6.13% severally; and in the placebo group, the clinical control rate, the markedly effective rate, the effective rate and the ineffective rate were 38.04%, 26.09%, 29.35%, and 6.52% separately, which had statistically significant ( P=0.014).(4) There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse events or adverse reactions during the trial between both groups.Moreover, while adverse reactions in the form of vomiting and diarrhea were occasionally reported, no serious drug-related adverse event or adverse reaction was reported.(5)The tested drug provided good treatment compliance, showing no statistically significant difference from the placebo in terms of compliance rate. Conclusions:Based on the above findings, it can be concluded that Xiao′er Huangjin Zhike Granules provides good safety, efficacy, and treatment compliance in the treatment of cough caused by acute bronchitis, and lung-obstructing phlegm-heat syndrome, in children.

Alkali-salinity exerts severe osmotic, ionic, and high-pH stresses to plants. To under-stand the alkali-salinity responsive mechanisms underlying photosynthetic modulation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis, physiological and diverse quantitative proteomics analyses of alkaligrass (Puccinellia tenuiflora) under Na2CO3 stress were conducted. In addition, Western blot,real-time PCR, and transgenic techniques were applied to validate the proteomic results and test the functions of the Na2CO3-responsive proteins. A total of 104 and 102 Na2CO3-responsive proteins were identified in leaves and chloroplasts, respectively. In addition, 84 Na2CO3-responsive phospho-proteins were identified, including 56 new phosphorylation sites in 56 phosphoproteins from chloro-plasts, which are crucial for the regulation of photosynthesis, ion transport, signal transduction, and energy homeostasis. A full-length PtFBA encoding an alkaligrass chloroplastic fructose-bisphosphate aldolase (FBA) was overexpressed in wild-type cells of cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. Strain PCC 6803, leading to enhanced Na2CO3 tolerance. All these results indicate that thermal dissipation, state transition, cyclic electron transport, photorespiration, repair of pho-tosystem (PS) Ⅱ, PSI activity, and ROS homeostasis were altered in response to Na2CO3 stress, which help to improve our understanding of the Na2CO3-responsive mechanisms in halophytes.

Objective To investigate the short- and long-term prognostic factors for patients with spontaneous rupture and bleeding of primary liver cancer (liver cancer). Methods Clinical data of 167 patients with spontaneous rupture and bleeding of liver cancer admitted to Jiangmen Hospital, Southern Medical University and Nanshan Hospital, Guangdong Medical College between January 2005 and December 2012 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 140 males and 27 females with the average age of (58±7) years. The informed consents of all patients were obtained and the local ethical committee approval was received. Seventy-eight cases were diagnosed with Child-Pugh classiifcation A, 44 with Child-Pugh classiifcation B and 45 with Child-Pugh classiifcation C. According to the tumor, node, metastasis (TNM) stage, 31 cases were in stageⅡ, 54 in stageⅢ, 73 in stageⅣA and 9 in stageⅣB. The 30-d and long-term survival rates were analyzed. The inlfuencing factors of survival rates were analyzed by Cox's proportional hazard regression model. Results The 30-d survival rate was 71.3%, and the 1-, 3-, 5-year accumulative survival rate was 40.1%, 16.5%, 5.4% respectively. Multiviariate Cox's regression analysis revealed that Child-Pugh classiifcation C, hypovolemic shock, number of tumors≥2, TNM stage Ⅲ and conservative therapy were the independent risk factors for 30-d survival rate (HR=9.503, 2.919, 4.760, 0.283, 32.004; P<0.05). Liver cirrhosis, Child-Pugh classification C, total bilirubin (TB)≥34 μmol/L, number of tumors≥2, TNM stageⅢand conservative therapy were the independent risk factors for long-term survival rate (HR=9.167, 5.950, 1.037, 2.821, 0.680, 8.147; P<0.05). Conclusions For patients with spontaneous rupture and bleeding of liver cancer, Child-Pugh classiifcation C, hypovolemic shock, number of tumors≥2, TNM stageⅢand conservative therapy are the independent risk factors for short-term pronosis, whereas liver cirrhosis, Child-Pugh classiifcation C, TB≥34μmol/L, number of tumors≥2, TNM stageⅢand conservative therapy are the independent risk factors for long-term pronosis.

Objective To explore the feasibility and surgical techniques of primary suture by rigid choledochoscope combined with laparoscopic common bile duct exploration.Methods Clinical materials of 53 patients with primary suture by rigid choledochoscope combined with laparoscopic common bile duct exploration were analyzed retrospectively.Results 53 patients completed opera-tions successfully.The operating time was 90 to 168 minutes,with average duration of 112 min-utes.Postoperative hospital stay was 6 to 9 days,with an average length of 6.6 days.No postoper-ative complications such as bleeding,abdominal infection,bile leakage,bile duct stricture and resid-ual biliary stones were observed.Conclusion Under the premise of strictly selecting cases with common bile duct stones,rigid choledochoscope combined with laparoscopic common bile duct explo-ration for primary suture is a feasible method,it has the advantages of less trauma,fast recovery and short hospital stay,so it is worthy of popularization.

Objective To explore the feasibility and surgical techniques of primary suture by rigid choledochoscope combined with laparoscopic common bile duct exploration.Methods Clinical materials of 53 patients with primary suture by rigid choledochoscope combined with laparoscopic common bile duct exploration were analyzed retrospectively.Results 53 patients completed opera-tions successfully.The operating time was 90 to 168 minutes,with average duration of 112 min-utes.Postoperative hospital stay was 6 to 9 days,with an average length of 6.6 days.No postoper-ative complications such as bleeding,abdominal infection,bile leakage,bile duct stricture and resid-ual biliary stones were observed.Conclusion Under the premise of strictly selecting cases with common bile duct stones,rigid choledochoscope combined with laparoscopic common bile duct explo-ration for primary suture is a feasible method,it has the advantages of less trauma,fast recovery and short hospital stay,so it is worthy of popularization.

Objective To investigate the treatment effect of aescuven forte on the postoperative complications of breast cancer.Methods One hundred and twenty patients with breast cancer radical surgery were randomly divided into control group(n =60) and treatment group(n =60).Patients in control group were given postoperative routine treatment,while in treatment group were administrated aescuven forte pills at 300 mg orally,2 times/day for 4 weeks beside the conventional treatment.Results (1)After the 1st,2nd weeks therapy,the flap congestion disappear rate in the treatment group were 80.0％ (48/60) and 93.3％ (56/60),better than that in the control group 60.0％ (36/60) and 71.6％ (43/60),the difference was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).However this trend was not seen in third weeks treatment (P ＞ 0.05).(2) The total efficiency of remission of upper limb edema was 93％ (56/60),higher than that in control group 77％ (46/60),the difference was statistically significant(x2 =5.17,P ＜ 0.05).(3) Visual analogue scale(VAS) pain score in treatment group were decreased form (8.87 ±0.74) in before treatment to (3.21 ±0.92) at after treatment.And the VAS score in control was from (8.91 ±0.85) down to (4.87 ± 1.34),the difference was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).Moreover VAS score in treatment group was lower than that in control group (P ＜ 0.05).(4) There was no adverse effect of the medication process.Conclusion Aescuven forte showed a ability to reduce congestion disappear time of breast cancer and shorten the recovery time of upper limb swelling and pain and other symptoms.

Microspheres made of poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) have been frequently proposed as drug delivery systems.A very significant challenge in the development of controlled PLGA releasing systems is the instability of drugs especially therapeutic peptides and proteins.Additional approaches,particularly the use of additives,are needed to optimize PLGA delivery of drugs.This article reviews the effects of additives,especially the effects of stabilizing protein during the preparation of PLGA microsphere and the sustained drug releasing processes.

Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Brain ; drug effects ; pathology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Estrogens ; pharmacology ; Female ; Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain ; drug therapy ; In Situ Nick-End Labeling ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar